1st Lecture Scalars Versus Vectors PDF

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SCALARQUANTITIES:NOdirectionsassociatedwiththem! Justnumbers(pos.,neg.orzero),usuallywith(important!)UNITS Examples:distancetraveled,massofanobject, volumeofaliquid,elapsedtime,speed, “thescalarcomponents”ofavector. Allscalarsareaddedandsubtractedbythefamiliarrulesofarithmetic! Distances:2miles+3miles=5miles,5miles‐3miles=2miles Masses:10kg+7kg=17kg,17kg‐10kg=7kg Volumes:6ml+2ml=8ml,8ml‐2ml=6ml Times:4s+5s=9s,9s‐5s=4s Speeds:50mi/hr+10mi/hr=60mi/hr,60mi/hr‐10mi/hr=50mi/hr

F1, x   20 N ; F 2, x   30 N ; F1, x  F 2, x   10 N

AVECTORQUANTITYHASADIRECTIONASWELLASAMAGNITUDE! Examples:

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 adisplacement D ofanobjectduringaparticulartimeinterval,  theinstantaneousvelocity V ofanobject(ataparticularinstantoftime),  theavgvelocity Vavg ofanobjectduringaparticulartimeinterval,

 anobject’sinstantaneousacceleration a ,  anobject’savgacceleration a avg duringaparticulartimeinterval,  aforce(pushorpull) F exertedonanobjectbyanotherobject.

AllVectorsareaddedandsubtractedbythefamiliarrulesof Vectoradditionandsubtraction,andthesearenottherulesforadding andsubtractingscalars(i.e.,morethanjustarithmeticisrequired)!...