2016-Anthropology Lab Terms Week 3 PDF

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Anthropology Lab_Terms Week 3...

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Anthropology Lab: Terms (Week 3) 

Gregor Mendel - A European monk who conducted test on pea plants & identified two important principles of classification

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Law of Segregation - The particles (or genetics) for traits appear separately in the (sex cells of) parents & are then reunited in an offspring

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Law of independent assortment - The particles (or genes) for different traits are sorted ( & passed on) independently of one another

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Dominant - A dominant allele masks the effects of other alleles for a trait, may also be used in reference to dominant traits or dominant phenotypes

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Recessive - A recessive allele is masked by a dominant allele for a trait, may also be used about recessive traits or recessive phenotypes

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Genotype - The specific alleles an organism has for a trait

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Homozygous dominant - An organism's genotype for a trait when it has two dominant alleles for trait (RR)

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Homozygous recessive - Genotype (rr)

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Heterozygous - Genotype (Rr)

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Phenotype - The physical expression of an organism's genotype for a trait

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Punnett square - The method of diagramming inheritance where parent genotypes are used to estimate the probability of various genotypes in a potential offspring

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Pedigree diagram - The method of diagramming inheritance that shows the phenotypes of individuals from multiple generations in a family

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Mendelian trait - Trait controlled by one gene (although there may be multiple alleles for that one gene)

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Genetic locus - The location of a gene on a chromosome

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Polygenic trait - Trait controlled by alleles at multiple genetic loci

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Antigen - (In ABO blood group system) the cell surface marker found on red blood cells that relates to an individual’s ABO blood types & triggers antibody reactions to a foreign blood antigen

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Codominant - When multiple alleles are expressed in the phenotype, without one being clearly dominant over the other (AB)

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Antibody - Protein that attacks antigens directly or marks them for attack by other parts of the immune system...