Chapter 3 Key Terms PDF

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Nurs 14 - Pharmacology (2015)
Core Concept in Pharmacology Key Terms (Ch. 3)...

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Chapter 3: Methods of Drug Administration Key Terms Contraindications Situations under which drugs should not be used Adverse Effects Unwanted nontherapeutic effects; also called side effects Adverse Drug Events Negative health effects caused by a drug Allergic Reaction A hyper-response of body tissues to a foreign substance (allergen), in which patients experience uncomfortable and potentially serious symptoms, including difficulty breathing, pain, swelling, skin rash, and other unfavorable signs Anaphylaxis An acute allergic response to an antigen that results in massive amounts of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation are released throughout the body, resulting in severe hypotension and may cause death if untreated Six Rights of Drug Administration Practical guidelines for nurses to use during preparation, delivery, and administration of drugs Three Checks of Drug Administration Checks used by nurses together with the six rights to help ensure patient safety and drug effectiveness Compliance Taking a medication in the way it was prescribed by the practitioner; in the case of OTC drugs, following the instructions found on the label STAT Order Comes from statim, the Latin word meaning “immediately”; the time frame between writing the STAT order and administering the drug may be five minutes or less, depending on facility rules; a medication that should be given immediately and only once Single Order A physician’s order for a drug that is to be given only once and at a specific time; an example is a preoperative order Prn Order Latin pro re nata; physician’s order; means “to administer as required by the patient’s condition” Routine Order Standard order usually carried out within two hours of the time it was written by the physician

Standing Order A physician’s order written in advance of a situation, which is to be carried out under specific cirumstances Metric System The most common system of measurement; involves kilograms (kg), grams (g), milligrams (mg), micrograms (mcg), and so on Apothecary System Former system of weights and measures used by healthcare providers and pharmacists; replaced by the metric system Household System Older system of measurement involving teaspoons, tablespoons, cups, drops, pounds, etc. Enteral Route The major route by which drugs enter the body through the digestive tract Orally Disintegrating Tablets (OTDs) Drug formulation that allows for quick dissolving and absorption of medications in the mouth or cheek Enteric-Coated Hard, waxy coating that enables drugs to resist the acidity of the stomach; enables drugs to dissolve in the small intestine Sustained Release Tablets or capsules that are designed to dissolve very slowly; also called extended-release (ER), long-acting (LA), or slow-release (SR) medication First-Pass Metabolism The intestinal and hepatic degradation or alteration of a drug or substance taken by mouth, after absorption, removing some of the active substance from the blood before it enters the general circulation Sublingual (SL) Route Method of enteral drug delivery in which drugs are placed under the tongue Buccal Route The administration of medications by the cheek or mouth; medication is placed in the oral cavity between the gum and the cheek Topical Route The route by which drugs are placed directly onto the skin and associated membranes Dermatologic Preparations Drugs that are applied to the skin using formulations that include creams, lotions, gels, powders, and sprays

Instillations/Irrigations Drugs that are applied into body cavities or orifices, including the eyes, ears, nose, urinary bladder, rectum, and vagina Inhalations Inhalers, nebulizers, or positive-pressure breathing apparatuses that are used to apply drugs to the respiratory tract Transdermal Method of drug delivery, usually by a patch, in which drugs are absorbed across the layers of the skin for the purpose of entering the bloodstream Transmucosal Method of topical drug delivery in which drugs are applied directly to mucosal membranes, including the nasal and respiratory pathways and vagina Astringent Effect The shrinkage of swollen membranes, binding together of body surface material, or to loosen secretions and facilitate drainage Parenteral Route The major route by which drugs enter the body other than the enteral or topical route; for example, by intravenous route Intradermal (ID) Route Method of parenteral drug delivery in which drugs are injected into the dermis of the skin Subcutaneous (SC or SQ) Route Method of parenteral drug delivery in which drugs are injected into the hypodermis of the skin Intramuscular (IM) Route Method of parenteral drug delivery in which drugs are injected into layers of muscle beneath the skin Intravenous (IV) Route Method of parenteral drug delivery in which drugs are injected into the venous circulation Large-Volume Infusion A type of infusion used for fluid maintenance, replacement, or supplementation Intermittent Infusion A small amount of IV solution is “piggy-backed” (added) to the primary large-volume infusion; used to give additional medications over a short time IV Bolus (Push) Administration A concentrated single dose of medication is delivered directly to the circulation via syringe...