21st-Century-Lit Reviewer PDF

Preview

Summary

reviewer...

Description

EPIC A long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures of the history of a nation. HINILAWOD  Was written by Felipe Landa Jocano. CHARACTERS Labaw Donggon – eldest son of Datu Paubari and Alunsina, brother of Humadapnon and Dumalapdap. Humadapnon – 2nd son of Datu Paubari and Alunsina, brother of Labaw Donggon and Dumalapdap Dumalapdap – youngest son of Datu Paubari and Alunsina, brother of Labaw Donggon and Humadapnon Alunsina – The Unmarried One, Goddess of the Eastern Sky Datu Paubari – Mortal ruler of Halawod, Husband of Alunsina

Abyang Durunuun – maiden from Tarambang Burok, 2nd wife of Labaw Donggon , sister of Sumpoy Sumpoy – Lord of the Underworld, brother of Abyang Durunuun Saragnayan – Lord of Darkness, enemy of Labaw Donggon, Husband of Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata – young wife of Saragnayan Aso Mangga – Son of Labaw Donggon and Angoy Ginbitinan Abyang Baranugon – son of Labaw Donggon and Abyang Duruunan Buyong Matanayon – swordsman from Mt. Matiula, trusted friend of Humadapnon Piganun – A sorcestress from Talagas Kutingtang Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw – ruler of Piniling Tubig Minstrel – someone who sings with a harp accompaniment

Kaptan – King of all gods & goddesses Maklium-sa-t’wan – God of Plains

Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan – Goddess of Greed, 2nd wife of Humadapnon

Suklang Malayon – sister of Alunsina, Goddess and Guardian of Happy Homes

Buyong Makabigting – Balahidyong of Paling Bukid

Bungot Banwa – high priest

Dumasig – most powerful wrestler in Madya-as

Manalintad – 1st monster that was killed by Labaw Donggon.

Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokon – maiden from Burutlakanka-adlaw, 1st wife of Dumalapdap

Angoy Ginbitinan – beautiful maiden from Handug, 1st wife of Labaw Donggon Sikay Padalogdog – giant with a hundred arms, 2nd monster that was killed by Labaw Donggon

son

of

Datu

Balanakon – 2-headed monster from Tarambuan-ka-banwa that was defeated by Dumalapdap 1|21st Century Lit.

Uyutang – bat-like monster with sharp poisonous claws that was killed also by Dumalapdap *Main characters: Labaw Donggon to Dumalapdap; Secondary characters: Alunsina to Uyutang.* SETTINGS      

Sulod, Panay Halawod River Mt. Madya-as Handug Tarambang Burok Tulogmatian CONFLICTS

 Man vs. Man (External)  Man vs. Supernatural (External) PLOT

INTRODUCTION

The story begins with Alunsina (also known as Laun Sina, "Unmarried One") reached maidenhood, Kaptan, the Gods' king, ordained that she be married. She opted to marry the mortal Datu Paubari, ruler of the Halawod, despite all the unmarried gods from all corners of the universe attempting to win her hand in marriage. Fortunately for Alunsina and her husband, her sister Suklang Malayon (Goddess and Guardian of Happy Homes) found and alerted them about the nefarious plot. The couple reached higher ground before the flood and escaped the gods' vengeance undetected.

INTRODUCTION

After the floods subsided, they went to the plains and settled near the mouth of the Halawod, where they lived in secret. Alunsina summoned the high priest Bungot-Banwa to perform rites on Mount Madya-as as soon as her sons were born to secure their health. BungotBanwa made an altar and burned alanghiran fronds and a pinch of kamangyan (incense) on it. After the ceremony, he opened the windows on the north side of the room, and a cold breeze blew in, transforming the infants into strong, mighty, and handsome young men.

RISING ACTION

When he reached adulthood, Labaw Donggon, the eldest of the triplets, decided to go on a quest to find himself a wife. As he reach the mouth of Halawod River, he finally approached the maiden's father and requested her hand in marriage; but, as part of his dowry, the father demanded that he confront the monster Manalintad. He went off to meet the monster, and with the power of his magical belt, Labaw Donggon killed it, bringing the monster's tail to Angoy Ginbitinan's father as proof of his victory. Labaw Donggon and his bride began their trek back to their hometown. When they got home, Labaw Donggon told his mother that he needed to take care of his wife because he was going on another mission, this time to Tarambang Burok. Abyang Durunuun's hand was won by Labaw Donggon, who also took her home. Soon after, he embarked on another journey, this time to Gadlum, to seek the hand of Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata, Saragnayan, the Lord of Darkness‟s young wife.

2|21st Century Lit.

CLIMAX

DENOUMENT

As Labaw Dongon reached the shores of Tulogmatian Saragnayan was then challenged to a duel by Labaw Donggon, who stated that whomever won would have her. The challenge was accepted by Saragnayan and they started fighting. Saragnayan was drowned for seven years by Labaw Donggon, yet when he let go, Saragnayan was still alive. The latter began hitting Labaw Donggon with a coconut tree that he had uprooted. He survived the beating but was unable to overcome Saragnayan's pamlang (amulet) powers, and he eventually gave up and was imprisoned beneath his house by Saragnayan.

Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokan was free to marry Dumalapdap now that the monster Uyutang was dead. He was reunited with his family after bringing her home. Datu Paubari threw a huge feast to commemorate the return of his three sons. After the feast, his sons dispersed to various regions of the globe. Labaw Donggon set out for the north, Humadapnon for the south, and Dumalapdap for the west. In the east, Datu Parubari was left to control.

FALLING ACTION Meanwhile, Labaw Donggon's brothers Humadapnon and Dumalapdap were enraged by Labaw Donggon's loss at the hands of Saragnayan and subsequent captivity. By the gods of Madya-as, Humadapnon pledged that he would seek vengeance on all of Saragnayan's kinsmen and adherents. The two fought, and Humadapnon won, with the vanquished Buyong Makabagting assisting him in his mission. Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan was eventually married by Humadapnon, who brought her home to his mother. Shortly, after Humadapnon left their home to seek revenge on Saragnayan's family and followers, Dumalapdap embarked on a quest of his own. He decided go to Burutlakan-ka-adlaw and marry the maiden Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokon. Dumalapdap fought with the Uyutang for seven months. He was able to defeat the monster when he grabbed its ankle and broke it.

THEMES  Love : Love will always prevail.  Family : Family where life begins and love never ends.  Culture : A nations culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people.  Courage : Courage is knowing what not to fear. CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE This epic story from Panay, entitled Hinilawod, was passed down orally from the early residents of Sulod in Central Panay. “Tales from the Halawod River‟s Mouth” is an approximate translation of the title “Hinilawod”. The Hinilawod is a source of information on the ancient people of Sulod‟s culture, religion, and rites, demonstrating that ancient Filipinos believed in the “SACRED” or “HOLY”, the importance of family honor, and personal courage and dignity as well as love and culture. It was reported that local Mondos in Dingle, Iloilo, continued to worship Labaw Donggon until the end of Spanish administration in the Philippines. These followers would go to a cave near Dingle on a specified day of the year in the evening to pay their respects to the ancient Visayan god and bring him chickens, doves, rice, bananas, and pigs. 3|21st Century Lit.

SETTINGS LITERARY APPROACH  Moral Philosophical  Feminism

 Between the two great rocks in the Mountains of San Mateo, Rizal

CONFLICT MYTH  Man vs. Supernatural a traditional story especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events. THE MYTH OF BERNARDO CARPIO  Was written by Damiana Ligon Eugenio, the Mother of Philippine Folklore. CHARACTERS The Parents of Bernardo Carpio – A couple who‟s very poor and led a hard life, they lived at the bottom of the mountain in San Mateo, Rizal. However they were kind, hardworking, and helpful. Bernardo Carpio – He loved to play before but unlike the other kids he has this extraordinary strength, he grew up to be a handsome young man that possessed great courage and bravery. Bernardo was not interested in merriment, social gatherings even to all the lovely maidens in his town, what really captivated him was the forest. He found his real happiness in the forest where the trees where thickest and densest, many of his friends are the animal in the forest. The Enchanted Creature – This enchanted creature was enormous and overpowering man. However, he also have the ugly manner of envying and causing harm to others.

THEMES Superiority Complex – After losing all the fights against Bernardo, the enchanted creature couldn‟t accept that someone is better than him which is why he planned those things to get rid of Bernardo. Trust – Even after fighting multiple times, Bernardo still decided to trust the creature and didn‟t suspect him at all which resulted to an opening for the creature and Bernardo was punished immediately for trusting the creature. PLOT

INTRODUCTION Once upon a time there was a couple living in the mountains of San Mateo, Rizal. They were poor and lived a hard life. But one day, all of that changed when the woman gave birth to a baby boy named Bernardo Carpio. As a baby, Bernardo Carpio was different from a typical one because he had the power of extraordinary strength. He would always break anything that surround him, whether a toy, nails on the floor, or the railing that he uses as support. Bernardo grew up to be a handsome man, his strength doubled and continued to increase. Bernardo also possessed great courage and bravery that were second to none and because of this he became known to many people.

4|21st Century Lit.

RISING ACTION

DENOUMENT

Unlike other people, Bernardo didn‟t like interacting with other people and he was not interested with women at all. Instead, what captivated him was the forest. The forest is where Bernardo was the happiest and he would spend most of his time there and hang out with his friends, the animals. But in the forest lives an enchanted creature that was really big and strong. However, the creature also had the ugly manner of envying and causing harm to others. The enchanted creature would always see Bernardo whenever he goes to the forest.

And when the enchanted creature finally got a chance upon Bernardo, he invited him to a hidden part in the forest. There were two ginormous stone slabs on either side of the place. The creature told Bernardo to walk into the middle of the place and when he reached it, the creature disappeared. Suddenly, the stone slabs fell towards Bernardo. Using his extraordinary strength, Bernardo fought against these stone slabs to prevent these from crushing him. CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

CLIMAX Meanwhile, it did not take long for the enchanted creature to envy Bernardo‟s fame for his extraordinary strength. The enchanted creature thought to himself that Bernardo wouldn‟t even stand a chance against him. One day, the enchanted creature waited for Bernardo to come into the forest. As soon as he saw Bernardo, he immediately challenged him to a duel. Bernardo was not one to back down from any fight, so he accepted the challenge right away.

The presence of Bernardo Carpio may be represented as the Filipinos, which are known to be courageous, humble, and prideful. The clothing used to represent Bernardo Carpio also highlights the significance of Filipinos wearing cultural/traditional clothing.

FALLING ACTION

From the battle between the enchanted creature and Bernardo Carpio, we may include that this all started due to the enchanted creature being prideful and stubborn. This trait of being prideful and stubborn can be seen from many Filipinos nowadays, as people tend to be overly sensitive, envious, or easily offended.

Bernardo and the enchanted creature fought a lot of times. They use all of their power against each other and in every fight they did, the enchanted creature lost. But after the battles, the enchanted creature was only left with hatred in his heart and wants to seek revenge against Bernardo. The enchanted creature waited for the right time and opportunity for revenge upon Bernardo.

Even though the enchanted creature is considered to be extraordinary as well, Bernardo Carpio was not one to back down from any fights and accepted each and every challenges. This shows significance to the pride of every Filipino, even if the enemy is known to be extraordinary, we never turned tail and ran. For example, The Battle of Mactan, between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu.

5|21st Century Lit.

LITERARY APPROACH  Reader-response criticism FLORANTE AT LAURA  Written by Francisco “Baltazar” Balagtas, the Filipino Shakespeare. CHARACTERS Florante – Son of Duke Briseo and Princess Floresca; the main character of the SONG; Laura's love. Laura – Daughter of King Liceo; Florante's love.

General Miramolin – Headed the Persian troupes towards invading Albania. General Osmalic – A Persian general who wanted to invade Kroton. Sultan Ali-Adab – King of Persia; father of Aladin; who also desired Aladin‟s love of his life, Flerida. Menalipo – Florante's cousin who saved him from a vulture that almost snatched him from his cradle. King of Croton kingdom – Princess Floresca‟s father and the grandfather of Florante. *Main characters: Florante to Menandro; Secondary characters: Duke Briseo to King of Croton Kingdom*

Aladin – A Muslim prince and soldier; son of Sultan Ali-Adab; the man who saved Florante; Flerida's love. Flerida – The woman who saved Laura; Aladin‟s love. Count Adolfo – A traitor; son of Count Sileno; very envious of Florante's achievement.

SETTINGS    

Dark Forest Kingdom of Albania Atenas Crotone

Menandro - Florante's classmate and faithful best friend; Florante‟s right hand in the battle.

CONFLICT  Man vs. Man

Duke Briseo – Father of Florante; Princess Floresca's husband; King Linceo‟s adviser. THEME Princess Floresca. – Mother of Florante; wife of Duke Briseo, princess of Croton. King Linceo – King of Albania; father of Laura. Antenor - Florante's reliable mentor while he was studying in Athens, Greece.

Florante at Laura is filled with passages on living the upright life and respecting elders and the values of love for country, industry, and patriotism. One of its central themes is that religious differences should not be used to discriminate against another.

Count Sileno – Count Adolfo's father; also from Albania. 6|21st Century Lit.

PLOT

INTRODUCTION Francisco Balagtas wrote the poem "Gubat na Mapanglaw" to describe a gloomy forest. Florante, a duke of the Kingdom of Albania, is tied to a tree, lamenting the death of his father. He is driven mad by the thought that his beloved, Princess Laura, has fallen into the arms of his enemy. Count Adolfo, Nearby, two starving lions keep watch and try to attack Florante. He is saved, just in time, by Aladin, a Persian prince who happens to be at the forest at the same time. Weak and bewildered, Florante faints.

FALLING ACTION Prince Aladin is the son of Sultan Ali-Adab, who was imprisoned by his father for abandoning his troops. His father also wanted him to marry his fiancée, Flerida. After being released from prison, Aladin unknowingly walks to the forest where Florante was tied up. DENOUMENT Aladin's speech is interrupted when a woman narrates her escape from a kingdom and a marriage. The lady saved by Flerida is revealed to be Laura, who begins to tell her story. Count Adolfo used deceit to gain popularity and turned the people of Albania against their king.

RISING ACTION CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Florante, son of a princess and a royal adviser, grew up in happiness, showered with love. He was saved by his cousin Menalipo, an archer from Epirus, after he was almost captured by a vulture. Florante had not the will to refuse, for the King of Crotona was his grandfather. CLIMAX Florante, son of the King of Albania, fought against the Persian general Osmalik for five hours. He stayed in Crotona for five months before returning to Albania to see his lover, Laura. Upon returning, he was ambushed by 30,000 soldiers under Adolfo's orders and imprisoned for 18 days.

The story Florante at Laura depicts its medieval culture primarily in Southern Europe and Persia. Florante at Laura circulates the colonial identity of a nation in which the Philippines that is predominantly ruled by Spanish was set to “divide and rule.” With the effects of colonialism and as well in the present times, the relation of diverse culture, tradition, family, and religion is strong that it will never break that apart in the country.

THE INDOLECE OF THE FILIPINOS  Written by Dr. Jose Rizal.  Originally, “La Indolencia de los Filipinos,” as a response to the accusation of Indio or Malay indolence.  Indolence is the avoidance of activity or exertion, in short, laziness.

7|21st Century Lit.

ARGUMENTS The Galleon Trade made Filipinos lose their motivation to work – The Manila–Acapulco Galleon Trade cut off all previous association the Philippines had already established with other countries. Instead, business could only be conducted with Spain through Mexico. Because of the monopoly occurring from the Galleon trade, small local businesses and handicrafts were gradually put into a halt and slowed down local economic activity. ARGUMENTS Spain's implementation of forced labor extinguished Filipino's love of work – Filipinos were forced to work at shipyards, roads and fought as soldiers for the Spanish, abandoning their agriculture and leaving their families behind. Imagine being at the sea for 3-4 months away from your family and friends and doing the same thing over and over again and the worst part is you don‟t get paid for all the work you‟ve done. Therefore according to Rizal, “Filipinos are not lazy, they are hardworking and creative people who were forced to work in unbearable circumstances causing them to lose motivation to work properly.” Filipinos we're vulnerable after not being protected by Spain against invaders - Lack of protection allowed easy access for foreign invasion and piracy. An example for this is when Manila was attacked by Chinese pirates for months and who did the Spaniards send to help? Us Filipinos. Manila was even under the British rule for 3 months and who had to help the Spanish soldiers? Filipino soldiers. Other invaders and pirates even took Filipinos, and without the needed protection, they were killed, houses burned and lands were destroyed. So Rizal pondered how the Spaniards could possibly say that the Filipinos are lazy when they make use of the natives yet fail to protect them.

The system of education was flawed and crooked – The Spaniards implemented a system of education, if you could even call it one that was constructed on repetitive prayer. The women were taught to pray the Rosary and to kiss the hands of priests. The education system was rather repressive and counter-productive as they did not educate on agriculture, industry and commerce that would help the country grow economically. The Spaniards used education to subjugate the Filipino people rather than help the country progress. The Spanish were hypocritical for despising manual labor – Filipinos back then woke up as early as 3am just to work in the farm in order to avoid the midday sun while the Spaniards on the other hand, woke up at no...