4 Primary Tissue Types PDF

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4 Primary Tissue Types Connective tissue Type Characteristic s Wraps and Loose connectiv cushions organs; plays e tissue important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid.

Dense connectiv e tissue regular

Dense connectiv e tissue irregular

Dense fibrous tissue, fibres are mainly composed of type 1 collagen produced by fibroblast, collagen fibres in dense regular connective tissue are bundled in a parallel fashion, Withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

Histological features Loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibres, scattered cells of various types, abundant ground substances Attaches muscles to bones; or bone to bone; withstands great tensile stress

Fibroblasts and matrix fibres that are oriented differently

Example Surrounds blood vessels and provides support to internal organs

Ligaments, tendons

Dermis of skin, periosteum, capsule of kidney

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Hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage

Compact Bone

Spongy bone

Adipose

Supports and reinforces; serves as a resilient cushion, resists compressive stress Butterfly pattern

Amorphous On but firm matrix articulating surfaces of bones, in growth plates, costal cartilages Pharyngoty Where needs dictated panic tubes, supportive epiglottis tissues and ear possessing lobes elasticity

Enclosure for the bone marrow; strength for leverage in limb and other movements a dense surface for the attachment of tendons and ligaments Houses bone marrow where new blood cells are formed

Like tree cross section

Forms compact shell around spongy bone, shaft of long bones, vertebrae and skull

Like sponge, Porous, bone tissue that is filled with red bone marrow and surrounded by compact bone, Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse, closely backed adipocytes or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplets.

In the ends of long bones and in bones of the pelvis, ribs, vertebrae and skull Hypodermis of skin, around blood vessels and organs

Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs

Blood

Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, waste and protection

Epithelium tissue Type Characteristi cs Simple Secretion, cuboidal absorption

Simple columnar

Secretion, absorption

Simple squamous

Filtration, diffusion

Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix

White blood cells, within blood vessels

Histological features Single layer of cube shaped cells with round nuclei

Example

Single layer of cells, taller then wide, contain oval nuclei, long axis perpendicul ar to surface Single layer of flattened cells with elongated nuclei and long axis parallel to the surface

Some glands, kidney tubules, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

Secretory cells and ducts of small glands, kidney tubules

Lining blood vessels, body cavities and alveoli of lungs

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Pseudostr atified

Secrete substances, particularly mucus

Stratified squamous (keratinise d)

Protected from abrasion by keratin and kept hydrated and protected from dehydration by glycolipids Must be kept moist by bodily secretion to prevent drying out Protection

Stratified squamous (nonkeratinise d) Stratified cuboidal (nonkeratinise d)

Nerve tissue Type Characteristics Nervous

Single layer, nuclei of cells at different height levels, looks like multiple layers, can have cilia on apical surface Multiple layers of cells, surface cells are all flat

Lining respiratory tract (nose, trachea, bronchi)

Areas of wear and tear, epidermis of skin on palm of the hand and sole of the foot

Cornea, lining of mouth, anus, vagina and oesophagus Sweat glands, mammary glands and salivary glands

Histological features Neurons Neurons are branching cells, transmit electrical cell processes signals from that may be sensory quite long extend from the receptors and to effectors nucleus which control containing cell their activity body

Example Brain, spinal cord and nerves

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Muscle tissue Type Characteristics/ Functions Smooth Produce movement

Cardiac

Pumping of blood in circulatory system

Skeletal

Contraction, produce movement

Histological features Fusiform cells, single central nucleus, no striations

Single central nucleus, cells branching, straited, intercalated discs connecting adjacent cells Long cylindrical cells, striations, multiple peripheral nuclei, contain actin and myosin.

Example Walls of organs and blood vessels, walls of respiratory tract

Heart

All voluntary muscles of the body; biceps

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