4- Types of welfare provision PDF

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Lecture notes from criminology and social policy B...

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27.02.18 Criminology and social policy – types of welfare provision Theories to explain the emergence of the welfare state: -

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Industrialisation – after industrial revolution there were new challenges – education, jobs, better living conditions – push government to introduce these needs for social care. From the industry perspective you want healthy employees. Political parties and institutions – political parties pushing for rights and social citizenship – putting pressure into building the welfare state Globalisation and post-industrialisation – more modern, new risks of society – systems that were in place for providing the social security and support are no longer efficient.

Those three theories account for why the welfare state was made. Theories are the way of explaining things and why things happen. These theories try to explain how the welfare state came into existence. Ideology - A system of ideas. Ideology of welfare = system of ideas of how social problems should be addressed. There are different ways in which people thought this should be done 1) 2) 3) -

Left: more state, less market Right: more market, less state Third way: finding a compromise between the right and the left Economic growth and social justice (market regulated by state) Equality of opportunity requires state intervention Modernisation of the state Public-private partnerships Community empowerment

Wants to achieve goals in social development. Exam: Need to do some referencing in the exam, not footnotes but use quotation marks when talking about what other people have said and also reference to the person of book who said this. Key texts for social policy: the students companion to social policy, 3rd edition, Alcock, P The ‘mixed economy of welfare’ -

state welfare private (market) welfare voluntary/charitable welfare informal welfare (family, extended family, friends, neighbours etc.) not officially organised but it is there e.g. childcare from a family member

positive things about providing welfare -

based on needs and social rights large-scale action equalising effect on society similar professional standards across regions can link social policies with other policies e.g. fiscal policy, monetary policy

27.02.18 private sector as a provider -

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cost-efficient professional and highly qualified in specific areas competition leads to high quality/ cutting-edge technology – competition for businesses which makes them more inventive and innovative which leads to development of technology as they are competing to me the most efficient possibility for users to choose

purpose of the voluntary sector -

no monetary interest, low of free cost for users highly specialised services personalised services local knowledge and community roots linked to moral duty and ‘true care’ no hidden interests no (or little) monetary cost – could be an exchange of favours e.g. one parent looks after the children on Fridays and the other friend will look after them on Tuesday – it is informal and flexible and also personal.

There are many good things about why they are providing wellbeing and the positive impacts that come from this. But what about the negatives? State Might not be efficient in giving this service – could be giving help to people who don’t need it Not innovating enough

Not enough investment where it is needed

(linking to first point) re-allocating resources when welfare has already been put in place is hard – difficult to stop giving people help who do not need it and retracting the resources

Private sector Too focused on making a profit and not truly on providing welfare

Voluntary sector Not enough by itself – not enough resources of capacity to innovate

Informal welfare Do not have the capacity to provide welfare for a large set of people

Not assessing people enough and dismissing people from help to quickly Too concentrated on some areas of welfare and not others e.g. private sector child care not considering if they have special needs

Cannot reach other communities because they do not have the funding

Not the right set of training or skills

Very flexible could result in problems e.g. baby-sitting agreements being cancelled on and it is interfering with working hours No obligation, based on faith, what if things go wrong? (linked to point above)

27.02.18

Provision: service production and delivery Finance: resources -

One way to promote well-being is through financing, putting resources into certain policies

Regulation: governance and legal boundaries -

These three interventions and functioning within each other to provide welfare state to the people

Provision, finance, and regulation do not necessarily lie within the same actor...