4 TFNCanvas Dorothy Johnson PDF

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Dorothy Johnson About the Author Dorothy E. Johnson was born on August 21, 1919 in Savannah, Georgia. She received her B.S. in Nursing from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1942. Later, in 1948, she received her Masters in Public Health from Harvard University in Boston. Most of her professional experiences involved mostly teaching, although she served as a staff nurse in pediatric nursing at Chatham-Savannah Health Council from 1943 to 1944. She died in February 1999 (Tomey & Alligood, 2014). Concepts of Behavorial Systems Model Johnson’s Behavioral Systems Model springs from Nightingale’s belief that nursing’s goal is to help individual prevent or recover from disease or injury. The structure is patterned after a systems model, where, a system is defined as consisting of interrelated parts functioning together to form a whole. She conceptualized a person as a behavioral system in which the functioning outcome is the observed behavior (Tomey & Alligood, 2014).

CONCEPTS: 1. Behavioral system -Johnson believes that each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of acting. These ways of acting form an organized unit, known as the behavioral system. The system is flexible to accommodate the influences affecting it and to achieve stability & balance for effective functioning (Tomey & Alligood, 2014).

2. Subsystem -A mini system with its own particular goal and function that can be maintained as long as its relationship to the other subsystems or environment is not disturbed. Johnson identified seven subsystems that are open and interrelated.

Theoretical Foundation in Nursing|NCM 0100: Dorothy Johnson

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Johnson's Seven Behavioral Subsystems 1. Affiliative subsystem -it is also known as attachment subsystem. It is considered as the first response system to develop in the individual, and is associated with survival and security. Attachment to a significant other is considered to be critical for the survival of an individual. This relationship also gives the person a sense of security. 2. Dependency subsystem -behaviors that precipitate nurturing behavior from other individuals in the environment. It includes approval, attention, and recognition (Tomey & Alligood, 2014). 3. Ingestive subsystem -relates to the behaviors surrounding the intake of food. It does not just entail the “intake of food”, rather, it emphasizes the conditions such as social events, culture, and health practices that affect it. It deals with “when, how, what, how much, and under what conditions” food is taken (Tomey & Alligood, 2014). 4. Eliminative subsystem -relates to the behaviors surrounding the excretion of waste products from the body. Johnson stated that there are socially acceptable behaviors for the time & place for humans to excrete waste, and the pattern varies from culture-toculture. 5. Sexual subsystem -reflects behaviors related to procreation. This subsystem stems from the development of gender role identity and behaviors (Tomey & Alligood, 2014). As with other subsystems, the key is that the behavior is socially acceptable at large. 6. Aggressive subsystem -relates to behaviors concerned with protection and self-preservation. It generates defensive responses from the individual when life or territory is threatened. However, it does not include behaviors that lead to injuring other individuals 7. Achievement subsystem -provokes behaviors that attempt to control the environment, and achieve mastery. Areas of achievement include intellectual, physical, creative, and social skills.

Theoretical Foundation in Nursing|NCM 0100: Dorothy Johnson

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Johnson's 4 Major Concepts Person An open system in continuous process with the environment.

When strong forces disturb behavioral system balance, the individual’s integrity is threatened. A person’s attempt to reestablish balance may require an extraordinary expenditure of energy, which leaves a shortage of energy to assist biological processes and recovery. (Tomey & Alligood, 2014)

Health Heath is an elusive state that is determined by psychological, social, biological, and physiological factors.

Environment Environment is the "context in which we live our lives". It consists of all the factors that are not part of the individual’s A balance in the behavioral system, system will lead to but influence the functional behavior; system. (Tomey & a lack of balance in Alligood, 2014) the structural or functional The behavioral requirements of the system attempts to subsystems leads to maintain equilibrium poor health. When by adjusting & the system requires adapting to the a minimal amount of forces in the energy for environment. An maintenance, a unusual amount of larger supply of energy is required energy is available to for the system to affect biological reestablish processes and equilibrium. When recovery. (Tomey & the environment is Alligood, 2014) stable, the individual is able to continue with successful behavior. (Tomey & Alligood, 2014)

Theoretical Foundation in Nursing|NCM 0100: Dorothy Johnson

Nursing Nursing is an external force acting to preserve the organization of the patient’s behavior by means of imposing regulatory mechanisms or by providing resources while the patient is under stress. Actions are directed to supply external assistance both before and during system balance disturbance. (Tomey & Alligood, 2014)

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