495762743 Chapter III Capitalization and Punctuations PDF

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CDI 5 – TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1(INVESTIGATIVE REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION)CHAPTER IIICAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATIONSCAPITALIZATIONThe use of capital or uppercase letter is determined by custom. Capital letters are used to call attention to certain words such as proper nouns and the first word of a s...

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Student Handout in Police Report Writing – Prelims

CDI 5 – TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1 (INVESTIGATIVE REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION) CHAPTER III

CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATIONS CAPITALIZATION The use of capital or uppercase letter is determined by custom. Capital letters are used to call attention to certain words such as proper nouns and the first word of a sentence. A. Proper Nouns – names of specific persons, places, things, concepts or qualities are capitalized Examples: Mathematics, Nueva Vizcaya, Janet Lim Napoles, Philippines B. Common Nouns – name general classes or categories of people, places, things, concepts or qualities rather than specific ones and are not capitalized Examples: A mathematics class, An institution, A person, A country C. First Words – the first letter of the first word in a sentence is always capitalized Examples: This pandemic will be finished very soon D. Specific Groups – capitalize the names of ethnic groups, religions and nationalities Examples: Aetas- Anti Terror Law they were the victim of violence, they want to be an inter, Mormons, Bicolanos, Filipinos E. Specific Places – capitalize the names of all political divisions Examples: Brgy. DMM of Bayombong, Province of Nueva Vizcaya F. Specific Institutions, Events and Concepts Examples: College of Criminal Justice Education, Faculty, Board of Trustees G. Titles of Works – capitalize the initial letters of the first and last words of the title of a book, article, play or film as well as all major words in the title Examples: The priest greatly admired the book, “The Life After Death” quote and unquote inside the quotation was capitalized. H. Personal, Professional and Job Titles – titles preceding proper names are capitalized Examples: Ms. Rodriguez, Professor Bercasio, Job Titles- President I. Abbreviations – capitalize abbreviations if the words they stand for would be capitalized Examples: PNPA as Philippine National Police Academy, PLTCI

Instructor: Facebook Account:

SHERWIN H. PINALGAN, LPT www.facebook.com.ph/sherwinhpinalgan

Mobile Number: +63 919 002 7591 Email Address: [email protected]

Student Handout in Police Report Writing – Prelims

J. Letters – capitalize letters that serve as names or indicate shapes Examples: X-ray, vitamin B, T-square, U-turn K. Miscellaneous Capitalizations – the first word of a complete sentence enclosed in dashes, brackets or parenthesis is not capitalized when it appears as part of another sentence Examples: We must make an extra effort in safety this year (accidents last year were up to 10 percent) PUNCTUATIONS It is a system of symbols that helps readers understand the structural relationships within a sentence. A. Period (.) – usually indicates the end of a declarative or imperative sentence Ex. Will you please send me the financial statement.- Imperative coz making a request. 1. Periods in Quotations – Use a comma, not a period after a declarative sentence that is quoted in the context of another sentence. 2. Periods with Parentheses – If a sentence ends with a parenthesis, the period should follow the parenthesis. 3. Other Uses of Periods a. Use Periods after initials in names b. Use Periods to indicate abbreviations Note: Period Fault – the incorrect use of a period B. Question Mark (?) – uses to end a sentence that is a direct question Ex. Where did you put the specifications? C. Exclamation Mark (!) – indicates strong feeling. It is being used after a word, phrase, clause or sentence to indicate urgency, elation or surprise. Ex. Hurry! Great! Wow! D. Comma (,) – helps readers understand the writer’s meaning and prevents ambiguity Ex. To be successful, managers with MBAs must continue to learn. [The comma makes clear where the main part of the sentence begins.] a. Linking Independent Clauses – use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, and, sometimes, so, yet, and, for) that links independent clause. b. Enclosing Elements – commas are used to enclose nonrestrictive clauses and phrases and parenthetical elements. c. Introducing Elements

Instructor: Facebook Account:

SHERWIN H. PINALGAN, LPT www.facebook.com.ph/sherwinhpinalgan

Mobile Number: +63 919 002 7591 Email Address: [email protected]

Student Handout in Police Report Writing – Prelims

i. Clauses and Phrases – is generally a good rule of thumb to put a comma after an introductory clause or phrase. d. Words and Quotations – certain types of introductory words are followed by comma. Ex. Sir, e. Separating Items in a Series – although the comma before the last item in a series is sometimes omitted, it is generally clearer to include it. f. Clarifying and Contrasting – if you find you need a comma to prevent misreading when a word is repeated, rewrite the sentence. g. Showing Omissions – a comma sometimes replaces a verb in certain elliptical constructions h. Using with Other Punctuation – conjunctive adverbs (however, nevertheless, consequently, for example, on the other hand) that join independent clauses are preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma. Such adverbs function both as modifiers and as connectives. i. Using with Numbers and Names – commas are conventionally used to separate distinct items. j. Avoiding Unnecessary Commas – Be careful not to place a comma between a subject and verb or between a verb and its object. E. Apostrophe (‘) – is used to show possession to indicate the omission of letters and sometimes to form the plural. Do not confuse the apostrophe used to show the plural with the apostrophe used to show possession. Ex. The engineer’s desk was cluttered. F. Quotation Mark (“”) – is used to set off material that represents quoted or spoken language. It also set off the titles of things that do not normally stand by themselves: short stories, poems and articles. Ex. “When will you be here?”, he asked. G. Parenthesis (()) – used to enclose explanatory or digressive words, phrases or sentences. The material in parenthesis often clarifies a sentence or passage without altering its meaning. Ex. Aluminum is extracted from its ore (called bauxite) in three stages. H. Bracket ([]) – to enclose a word or words inserted by the writer or an editor into a quotation.

Instructor: Facebook Account:

SHERWIN H. PINALGAN, LPT www.facebook.com.ph/sherwinhpinalgan

Mobile Number: +63 919 002 7591 Email Address: [email protected]

Student Handout in Police Report Writing – Prelims

Ex. The text stated, “Hypertext systems can be categorized as either modest [not modifiable] or robust [modifiable], depending on the degree to which users are encouraged to make modifications. I. Colon (:) – is a mark of anticipation and introduction that alerts readers to the close connection between the first statement and what follows. Ex. Three topics will be discussed: The Justifying Circumstances, Mitigating Circumstances and the Aggravating Circumstances. J. Semi Colon (;) – links independent clauses or other sentence elements of equal weight and grammatical rank, especially phrases in a series that have commas in them. Ex. No one applied for the position; the job was too difficult. K. Dash (-) – can perform all the duties of punctuation, linking, separating and enclosing. Use the dash cautiously to indicate more informality, emphasis or abruptness than the other punctuation marks would show. Ex. The project will end August 19 – unless the company provides additional funds. L. Hyphen (-) – serves both to link and to separate words. The hyphen’s most common linking function is to join compound words. Ex. Able-bodied; Self-contained; Self-esteem M. Slash (/) – performs punctuating duties by separating and showing omission. The slash is called a variety of names, including slant line, virgule, bar, solidus and shilling. The slash is often used to separate parts of addresses in continuous writing. Ex. The return address on the envelope was Mr. John Nelson/Haden St. 45/Gosforth/N 75642/IK.

References 2016. Fetalvo-Belares, Marilyn, Ananayo-Sanao, Mary Jane, Garcia, Nicasio Lanite Police Report Writing

Instructor: Facebook Account:

SHERWIN H. PINALGAN, LPT www.facebook.com.ph/sherwinhpinalgan

Mobile Number: +63 919 002 7591 Email Address: [email protected]

Student Handout in Police Report Writing – Prelims

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Instructor: Facebook Account:

SHERWIN H. PINALGAN, LPT www.facebook.com.ph/sherwinhpinalgan

Mobile Number: +63 919 002 7591 Email Address: [email protected]...