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UNIVERSITY PRESSCentral Philippine UniversityIloilo City, PhilippinesAGRICULTURALENGINEERINGCOMPREHENSIVEBOARD EXAMREVIEWERVolume IIAgricultural Processing,Structures, and Allied SubjectsAlexis T. BelonioDepartment of Agricultural Engineering andEnvironmental ManagementBELONIOAGRICU L T U R A LEN G ...

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BELONIO

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING COMPREHENSIVE BOARD EXAM REVIEWER Volume II

UNIVERSITY PRESS Central Philippine University Iloilo City, Philippines

A G R I C U LTU R A L E NG I NE E RI N G CO M P RE H EN S IV E BOARD E XA M R EV IE W ER olu Vol ume I I A g r i c u l t u r a l P r o c e s si ng , S t r u ct ur e s , a nd Al li ed S ub j e ct s Alexis T. Belonio

Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Management CPU Press

College of Agriculture Central Philippine University Iloilo City, Philippines 2004

A G R I C U LTU R A L E NG I NE E RI N G C O M P R E H E N S I V E B O AR D E XA M R E V IE WE R Volume II Agricultural Processing, Structures, and Allied Subjects Alexis T. Belonio

Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Management College of Agriculture

Central Philippine University Iloilo City, Philippines

2004 The Author: Alexis T. Belonio is a Professional Agricultural Engineer. Presently, he is an Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Management, College of Agriculture, Central Philippine University, Iloilo City. He finished his Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering and Master of Science degrees from Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. He has been deeply involved in teaching, research, project development, and entrepreneurial activity on various agricultural engineering projects since 1983. He was awarded by the Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) as Most Outstanding Agricultural Engineer in the field of Farm Power and Machinery and by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) as Outstanding Professional in the field of Agricultural Engineering in 1993. In 1997, he was awarded by the TOYM Foundation and the Jerry Roxas Foundation as the Outstanding Young Filipinos (TOYF) in the field of Agricultural Engineering. He is presently a PSAE Fellow Member. As a dedicated professional, he serves as technical consultant to various agricultural machinery manufacturers in Region VI. He also serves as a Reviewer of the TGIM Foundation Review Center on the field of Agricultural Power, Machinery and Allied Subjects, and Agricultural Processing, Structures and Allied Subjects since 1998. He has written and published several research and technical papers .

Acknowledgement: The author is very much thankful to the Lord God Almighty who inspired him to prepare this material for the graduates of agricultural engineering who will take the Professional Agricultural Engineering Licensure Examination. He also wishes to acknowledge Dr. N. Orcullo for the encouragement to serve as a reviewer for the aspiring agricultural engineers at the TGIM Review Center , Manila.

To Salve and their children: Mike, Happy, Humble, Jireh, Justly, Tenderly, and Wisdom for their prayer and support.

No part of this book is allowed to be photocopied or reproduced in any form without any written permission from the author.

Trial Edition PREFACE This book, Agricultural Engineering Comprehensive Board Exam Reviewer Volume II was prepared primarily for the agricultural engineering students and graduate who are preparing for the licensure examination for the professional agricultural engineers. The contents of the book are series of questions and problems to make the students recall the fundamental theories and concepts in agricultural engineering. Most questions are tricky and practical in nature to test whether the students has digested the principles in each of the different subject matter in agricultural engineering. At the end of the book, the answer key for each question and problem are provided. This is the second of the three volumes of the Reviewer. The content deals with the various processes involved in agriculture and food operation, agricultural building and infrastructure, farm electrification, refrigeration and cold storage of food, environmental engineering and management, and agricultural waste utilization This book is still in draft form and is produced in limited copies. Additional items will be included in the future to make this material more comprehensive. Comments and suggestions are welcome for the improvement of this manuscript. God bless and may this book become useful to you at the moment!

ALEXIS T. BELONIO Copyright  2004 by Alexis T. Belonio

1.

A dryer in which the material being dried moves through the drying chamber is substantially in continuous stream without being recirculated. a. Recirculating-type dryer b. Continuous-flow type dryer c. Concurrent flow dryer d. None of the above

2.

A continuous-flow dryer in which the product being dried moves in the same direction as the drying air. a. Cross-flow type dryer b. Counter-flow type dryer c. Concurrent-flow type dryer d. All of the above

3.

A continuous-flow type dryer in which the drying bin is similar to a columnar drying bin except that it includes louvers causing mixing to occur as the grain flows through the system. a. Mixing type b. Non-mixing type c. Recirculating type d. None of the above

4.

A dryer in which the product of combustion comes into contact with the product being dried. a. Indirect fired dryer b. Direct fired dryer c. Combustion fired dryer d. All of the above

5.

1 It is the ratio of the total heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material being dried to the amount of heat added to the drying air. a. Dryer efficiency b. Thermal efficiency c. Heat of vaporization efficiency d. All of the above

6.

A fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than threeforth of the average. a. Large broken grain b. Small broken grains c. Head grain d. None of the above

7.

An air moving device to force heated air through the mass of grain at a desired air-flow rate and pressure. a. Blower b. Aspirator c. Fanning mill d. None of the above

8.

A mechanical grain dryer wherein grain is passed intermittently in cycles or stages through a drying chamber either by mechanical means or by gravity with subsequent cooling and tempering until the grain reaches the desired moisture content. a. Batch-in-bin dryer b. Flat-bed dryer c. Multipass dryer d. All of the above

a. b. c. d. 9.

2 A chamber wherein air pressure forms uniform distribution of heated air through the grain mass. a. Plenum b. Bin c. Duct d. All of the above

10.

The minimum requirement for drying efficiency based on the standard performance criteria for a mechanical dryer. a. 90% b. 75% c. 50% d. None of the above

11.

The minimum requirement for heating efficiency of direct-fired biomass-fueled grain dryer. a. 75% b. 65% c. 50% d. None of the above

12.

The minimum requirement for heat utilization efficiency based on the standard performance criteria of direct-fired petroleum-based fuel for mechanical dryers. a. 90% b. 80% c. 70% d. None of the above

13.

Warranty period requirement for mechanical grain dryers.

14.

6 months 12 months One year Two of the above

3 It is the ratio of the heat released by the fuel to the theoretical heat available from the fuel. a. Burner efficiency b. Thermal efficiency c. Combustion efficiency d. None of the above

15.

It is the percentage of grain free from foreign matter. a. Percentage foreign matter b. Percentage Cleanliness c. Purity d. None of the above

16.

Pressure build up in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform distribution of air flow through the grain mass. a. Velocity pressure b. Static pressure c. Dynamic pressure d. Two of the above

17.

It is the temporary holding of grains between drying passes to allow the moisture in the center of the grain equalize with that on its surface. a. Tempering b. Static drying c. Dryaeration d. None of the above

18.

It is the amount of moisture in the grain expressed as percentage of the total weight of the samples.

a. b. c. d.

19.

Moisture content dry basis Moisture content wet basis Moisture content All of the above 4 It is the amount of moisture in the grain expressed as percentage of the weight of dry matter. a. Moisture content dry basis b. Moisture content wet basis c. Moisture content d. None of the above

c. Free moisture d. All of the above

24.

5 The blending of ingredients or materials in agricultural processing operation. a. Sorting b. Molding c. Mixing d. All of the above

20.

Screen cleaners that employ an air blast to assist in cleaning. a. Screen separator b. Fanning mill c. Blower d. None of the above

25.

21.

It is a part of a belt conveyor that is used to discharge materials over the end of the belt by a diagonal scraper. a. Scraper b. Tripper c. Head pulley d. None of the above

26. A process of reducing the size of materials by applying force to the product in excess of its strength. a. Shearing b. Crushing c. Milling d. None of the above

22.

A moisture meter that determines the moisture content of the product based on the ability of current to pass through the material. a. Capacitance type moisture meter b. Resistance type meter c. Infrared moisture meter d. All of the above

27. A process of reducing the size of materials by pushing or forcing a thin sharp knife into it. a. Shearing b. Crushing c. Cutting d. All of the above

23.

Moisture that can be found at the surface of the material. a. Unbound water b. Bound water

28.

It is a burr or plate mill. a. Micro mill b. Attrition mill c. Roller mill d. All of the above

It indicates the uniformity of grind in the resultant product. a. Uniformity sex b. Particle size

c. Fineness modulus d. All of the above

29.

6 A process of reducing materials by a combination of cutting and crushing actions. a. Milling b. Grinding c. Shearing d. None of the above

a. b. c. d. 34.

1.8% 18% 22% None of the above

7 What is the percentage moisture content of paddy above when expressed in dry basis? a. 22% b. 30% c. 12% d. None of the above

30.

If the amount of water in a product is determined based on its dry matter content, the moisture content is expressed in: a. Wet basis b. Dry basis c. Semi wet basis d. None of the above

35.

What is the amount of moisture to be removed from a material whose moisture content is 14.5% with dry matter weight of 76 kg? a. 12.9kg b. 24.1kg c. 14.5kg d. None of the above

31.

A method of measuring the moisture content of the product by direct extraction of water. a. Primary method b. Secondary method c. Tertiary method d. None of the above

36.

If a product has a percentage moisture content of 12% wet basis, the equivalent percentage moisture content in dry basis is: a. 13.6% b. 16.3% c. 13.4% d. None of the above

32.

The process of detaching or separating rice grains from the panicle. a. Stripping b. Reaping a. Harvesting b. All of the above

37.

A product expressed in dry basis has a percentage moisture content of 25%, what is the percentage moisture content of the product in wet basis? a. 20% b. 22% c. 26% d. None of the above

33.

If 20 kg of water is removed from 110kg of paddy, what is the percentage moisture content of paddy in wet basis?

c. ¾ of the length of paddy grain d. None of the above

38.

8 If 9 ton of a product is to be dried from 24% to 14%, the final weight of the product would be: a. 7953.4 kg b. 8837.3 kg c. 9741.4 kg d. None of the above

43.

9 Manufacturers’ prescribed peripheral velocity of a disk huller is: a. 10m/s b. 14m/s c. 18m/s d. None of the above

44.

Manufacturers’ recommendation for the speed of cone in a vertical abrasive whitening cone must not exceed. a. 13m/s b. 14m/s c. 15m/s d. None of the above

It is the measure of the power output of fan in relation to its power input. a. Fan thermal efficiency b. Fan performance index c. Fan efficiency d. All of the above

45.

Manufacturers’ recommendation for the speed of a horizontal abrasive whitener. a. 800 rpm b. 1000rpm c. 1200 rpm d. All of the above

41.

The recommended depth of grain in a shallow bed dryer is: a. Up to 12 inches b. Up to 18 inches c. Up to 24 inches d. All of the above

46.

The process in which air moves through stored grains at a low rate to maintain its quality. a. Cooling b. Aeration e. Fanning f. None of the above

42.

Recommended clearance for disk huller to achieve higher brown rice recovery with less breakage. a. ¼ of the length of paddy grain b. ½ of the thickness of paddy grain

47.

Maximum allowable safe height of sack pile in bag storage. a. 12-16 sacks b. 18-25 sacks

39.

What is the moisture loss of the product in item above? a. 1046.5 kg b. 2285.6 kg. c. 2634.4 kg d. None of the above

40.

d. None of the above

c. 28-30 sacks d. None of the above

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

10 Recommended stacking density per cubic meter of space for palay. a. 5 bags b. 10 bags c. 15 bags d. None of the above Recommended stacking density per cubic meter of space for corn. a. 12 bags b. 14 bags c. 16 bags d. None of the above Recommended stacking density per cubic meter of space for rice. a. 10 bags b. 15 bags c. 20 bags d. None of the above If a pile of rice is 8-m. long, 6-m. wide, and 3.6-m. high, how many bags of rice are safe to be piled? a. 2592 bags b. 2952 bags c. 2295 bags d. None of the above If 5000 bags of palay is to be piled 20-bags high, how many square meters of floor space is required? (0.23 m/bag) a. 111sq.m. b. 121sq.m. c. 211sq.m.

53.

11 A storage method wherein the gas concentration in storage atmosphere is changed. a. Sealed storage b. Modified atmosphere c. Controlled atmosphere d. All of the above

54.

A process of separating lower density materials from grains. a. Aspiration b. Cleaning c. Fanning d. All of the above

55.

A primary cleaner which separates larger particles or performs rough cleaning of grains. a. Rotary sieve b. Scalper g. Vibrating screen h. All of the above

56.

Recommended size of scalper for paddy is a. 0.2-0.25sq.m. per ton b. 0.3-0.35sq.m. per ton c. 0.4-0.45sq.m. per ton d. None of the above

57.

What is the theoretical rpm of a bucket elevator whose head pulley diameter is 0.2m. and the bucket projection is 0.1m.? (N=29.9/ √R). a. 77 rpm

c. 70-80kg. brown rice per hour d. None of the above

b. 120 rpm c. 160 rpm d. None of the above

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

12 If the operational efficiency of the bucket elevator above is 85% of the theoretical speed, what is the operation speed of the elevator? a. 65 rpm b. 102 rpm c. 136 rpm d. None of the above

63.

13 The amount of foreign materials in a sample of grains. a. Impurities b. Chalky grain c. Dockage d. None of the above

64. What is the theoretical horsepower requirement of a bucket elevator whose capacity is 545kg./min. and lift of 10.7m. The elevator is loaded down side. a. 2.19 hp b. 1.92 hp c. 2.91 hp d. None of the above

A storage practice in which grains are stored in loose form in a large container. a. Bag storage b. Bunker storage c. Bulk storage d. All of the above

65.

A hydrothermal treatment of paddy before milling. a. Parboiling b. Drying c. Water treatment d. None of the above

A small metal probe for taking samples of paddy. a. Sampling tube b. Trier c. Sampler d. None of the above

66.

In a disk huller, the stationary disk is located at: a. Top of the huller b. Bottom of the huller c. Side of the huller d. None of the above

Wooden frame used in staking bags of rice. a. Dunnage b. Loading platform c. Bag holder d. All of the above

67.

A warehouse used for storing paddy or rice either in bulk or in bags. a. Silo b. Godown c. Farmstead

The capacity of a compartment type separator is: a. 20-30kg. brown rice per hour b. 40-60kg. brown rice per hour

c. 475.85 kg d. None of the above

d. None of the above

68.

14 Rough cleaning of paddy to remove most foreign materials prior to drying and storage. a. Aspiration b. Scalping c. Sieving d. All of the above

73.

15 What is the amount of rice hull produced during milling in item above? a. 1000 kg b. 1050 kg c. 1100 kg d. None of the above

69.

A drying temperature of 45 C is equal to: a. 113 F b. 131 F c. 121 F d. None of the above

74.

The optimum relative humidity for storing fruits and vegetables is a. 60-70% b. 80-90% c. 90-100% d. All of the above

70.

Five tons of paddy milled in 6 hours produces 3950 brown rice and 3250kg. of milled rice. What is the milling recovery? a. 60% b. 65% c. 70% d. None of the above

75.

A two-ton mechanical dryer dries paddy from 24% to 14% in 8 hours. What is the final weight of the product after drying? a. 1767.4 kg b. 1677.4 kg c. 1776.4 kg d. None of the above

71.

What is the hulling coefficient of the huller in item above? a. 0.79 b. 0.89 c. 0.99 d. None of the above

76.

What is the drying capacity of the dryer in the item above? a. 200 kg/hr b. 250 kg/hr c. 125 kg/hr d. None of the above

72.

If the head rice recovery of paddy in item above is equal to 85%, what is the amount of broken grains? a. 487.50 kg b. 478.50 kg

77.

What is the moisture reduction per hour in the item above? a. 29.07 kg/hr b. 27.09 kg/hr c. 20.97 kg/hr

d. None of the above

78.

16 The coefficient of friction of rice to a steel material is 0.41. What is the minimum angle of hopper required for the system? a. 22 deg. b. 30 deg. c. 50 deg. d. None of the above

82.

17 The angle whose tangent equals the coefficient of friction between surfaces of the stored materials. a. Angle of contact b. Angle of friction c. Angle of repose d. All for the above

79.

The divisional layer between the dried and the undried products in a drying system. a. Drying layer b. Drying zone c. Drying front d. All of the above

83.

Expression of moisture content commonly used in commercial scale. a. Moisture wet basis b. Moisture content dry basis c. Moisture content d. All of the above

80.

Amount of heat required to raise one gram of water one degree centigrade. a. One BTU b. One calorie c. One joule d. All of the above

84.

A solar dryers is used to reduce the moisture content of four tons of paddy rice from 25% to 15% wet basis. The amount of moisture removed is about: a. 471 kilos b. 417 kilos c. 714 kilos d. none of the above

81.

What is the peak storage capacity of a 5-m diameter grain storage bin with an average height and a minimum angle of fill of 6 m and 28 deg., respectively? V=(ΠD²/4) (EH) + (ΠD²/4) (D...