AC171 Notes PDF

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class with john capo, all notes from lectures...

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AC171 Mass Communication How much of population have these devices ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

TV 97% (5 hours/day) Cell Phones 95% (smartphones 77%) ■ (12-17 year old: 78%) Radio 93% Internet 90% Cable/ satellite 86% Computer 80% Broadband (fast internet) 75% DVD/ BluRay 80% DVR 53% Game console 7% Tablet 50%

Dominating streaming sites ● YouTube 80% ● Netflix 55% ● AmazonTV 31%

Concentration Of Ownership These 4 own and dominate all of the media in the US - Comcast - Disney: they produce most of the movies they are dominating in the movie world (they own lifetime and History channel...) - Time Warner: owns CNN HBO Cartoon Network and many more - News Corp In 2016 there were 5.2 billion dollars in sales Prophet went down by 20% since 2015 Most popular magazine is Time Magazine and they own a bunch of other magazines, and Time Warner Cable owns Time magazine Who owns 87% of music sales - Warner brothers own most of music labbels - Sony - Universal Live Music

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Live Nation: represents 2,300 artists and they manage all there concerts plus they own TicketMaster (and it has the potential for a monopoly and tat can cause very high ticket prices)

Corporate Conversion Conglomerate: companies come together and they start to slowly take over society - ex: when Google purchased YouTube - Ex: Verizon recently bought yahoo who owns tumblr so now Verizon technically owns tumblr Comcast - largest cable provider - Third largest phone company - They own a lot of channels - Dreamworks, Universal, Fandango, Hulu, Universal theme park, Curious George, and King Kong Effects - Monopoly? - Gatekeepers - Political Power - Lack of content diversity which creates less competition

Surveillance - the “news and information” role of the media - Instrumental surveillance: information that is Useful and helpful in everyday life - New products - Movie timetables - Stock price - Fashion ideas - Recipes - Trends Beware Surveillance: information about threats - terrorism - Hurricanes or snow - Economic conditions - Military attack Credibility: we decide which media to discuss Interpretation and Linkage

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interpretation: Mass media instructs and persuades us on how to interpret messages - Positive or negative - Calm or panic - Support or oppose Linkage: mass media links stories, which sometimes causes us to make judgements (if a station keeps talking about stories that were happening in a black neighborhood then it at lead you to believe that this area is dangerous) Ideology: the process of actively creating meaning of the world around you, and making value judgements on society - Socialization: the process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society - Normalization: media portrays what is normal vs. what is deviant (early tv normalized that the classic perfect family is a white family until the Cosby show, they showed a upper class family and it started to normalize the idea that black families could be in the upper class) - Culture Shock: the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes - Culture Wars: fights on issues of morality - Moral Panic: a feeling of fear spread among a large number of people that some evil threatens the well-being of society - Dominant Ideology: presenting the worldview of the powerful - Hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over another

Early Journalism -

there were few papers News was not as timely as it is today A free press was not endorsed by colonial governments (there was no proof to show if what was being said was true or not) With the American Revolution came growth in the industry, but most partisan (siding with the colonies or the crown)

The political press - first amendment of the U.S. Constitution: freedom of speech and of the press - 24 dailies and 422 weeklies - Primarily read by the upper class (they were expensive, lower and middle class were not as educated) - Ben Franklin: started several newspapers, ran first editorial cartoon, demonstrated that journalism could be an honorable profession The Mass Audience - 3 conditions: printing press, higher literacy rate, presence of a mass audience

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Penny Press: Benjamin Day’s New York  Sun s old for a penny (as opposed to standard 6 cents) Papers started to feature sex, violence, human interest stories, financials, sports, etc. Effects: advertising, street sales as opposed to just subscriptions, reporters assigned to beats, increased emphasis on the speed of news A mass audience was established

Yellow Journalism and Competition - yellow journalism: newspapers had to “out-sensationalize” each other “death, dishonor, and disaster” - Growth of tabloids: ½ the size of a normal paper and richly-illustrated with photos (NY Daily New) - Roaring twenties: Radio, Hollywood, The Airplane, Prohibition, Al Capone - Competition: Great Depressions and Radio Post- WWII - Dailies dropped from 117 to 37 - Consolidation: sharp rise in cast of paper and labor - Present across other media, including magazines, radio, TV and other social media The Future: Newspaper in Crisis - 1990s: growth of Internet, drop in advertising revenue, young people stopped buying newspapers; major circulation drops - 2000s and beyond: online and mobile - User-generated content and social media - Newspaper are re examining their business models - Do we still need newspapers? Colonial Period: - collections of books, pamphlets, and newspapers bound under one cover - Political and economic stories designed to influence public opinion The Magazine Boom - 1860: 260 magazines; 1900: 1,800 magazines - More available money, cheaper printing, postal act of 1879: special mailing rates - Muckrakers: corrupt practices in big business - 3 Types: Digests, News Magazines, Pictorials - Post WWII: specialized Magazines (sports illustrated, ebony, playboy) Contemporary Magazines - 3 subscription increase in 2010, but still facing many challenges: - Internet provides an easier platform for reaching audiences: digital and mobile opportunities

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TV is more specialized: food network, golf channel Supermarkets became more selective Publisher’s clearing house suffers legal problems National Do-Not-Call Registry limits new subscribers

Early Books - inscribed by hand and lavishly decorated - Valued as work of art - Most popular book: the bible -

most content is at first religious, then political Ben Franklin: early printer-publisher As with the penny press, prices decreased and reading became more widespread Book reading became a symbol of education and knowledge

Commercialization - 1900-1945: book publishing becomes a big business - Post WWII, paperback become popular - Racks in newsstand and train stations pop u, creating a whole. new audience - 1950: literary classics introduced in education - More disposable income made ok reading a popular means of recreation Contemporary Books - as with newspapers and magazines, corporate consolidations rules - Amazon is the first company to directly sell books online to consumers - E-readers like the. Kindle transform the way people read - Self-Publishing and printing on demand offer new possibilities

24/7 News Cycle (broadcasting) - CNN, NBC, FOX…. - Online: 43% of America gets their news online - Tv: 50% of Americans get their news from TV - Print: 18% of Americans get their news from print - Radio: 25% of Americans get their news from the radio - Talk Radio

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Newspapers - WSJ: 1.2 million people read it - NY Times: 597,000 people read it - Chicago Tribute: 438,000 people read it - NY Post: 433,000 people read it

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- LA Times: 431,000 people read it Magazines - AARP Magazine: 23 million people get this magazine - Costco Magazine: 8.7 million people get this magazine - Better Homes than Gardens magazine: 7.6 million get this magazine - GameStop Magazine: 6.3 million people get this magazine - Good Housekeeping: 4.3 million people get this magazine

Radio - 1921: Marconi opens the first radio factory in England - 1920: First radio news program out of Detroit - 1934: federal communications commission's (FCC): government agency to regulate radio, TV, and cable - Areas of concern: broadband, competition, media, public safety, homeland security - Net Neutrality: Trump FCC Chairman plans to repeal net neutrality. As of 2/2/18: senate has 60 days to vote - Telecommunications Act 1996; - Signed by President Clinton - Added the Internet to the regulatory matter - “Let anyone enter the any communications business- to let any communications business compete in any market against each other” - Massive deregulation: 50 major edit companies in 1983; 10 in 1996; 6 in 2005 Early Pop Music - Jazz - Blues - Frank sinatra - Elvis - Boy bands - Folk music - 1970: disco (Donna Summer) - 1980: Madonna - 1990’s: rap wars (biggie) - Grunge music - 2000: Brittney, m and m, Beyoncé, Demi lovato, lady gaga… Television Part 2 -

1940: Howdy Doody ( there were shows on radio before it was aired and they were extremely popular) - the most popular tv genre of the 1940s was reality TV (game shows talent shows and other candid reality tv shows) - Ed Sullivan show: famous tv host and would have celebrities on his show (like the Ellen show sort of) he was very early in his pro black performers got Janet

Jackson Jackson 5… The Beatles got the most exposure from Edward Sullivan show -

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1950: Bonanza is a show, sitcoms basically showed what society deemed as normal at the time (the typical American family: the Honeymooner: white family where the women stays home and clean and the man goes to work and everything has to be ready by the time the man got home) - Father Knows best (look at the title- everything is very like man knows best father knows best) - Leave it to Beaver: it was the kids getting into trouble and parents dealing with it. Lassie was about a kid playing with his dog. - I Love Lucy: ran her own show and had her own studio which was a big thing for people that a girl owned and ran her own studio 1960: Society was changing and TV got very freaking weird (bewitched: man married witch) (I dream of genie: a genie that would pop out for her master and she would just grant his wishes) (the monsters: a fairly of monsters) (Gillegin Island: people were stranded and they needed to find a way to get out) (Lost in Space) (Mr. Ed: about a talking horse) (laughin: SNL of the 60’s) Threes company: 3 roommates that are best friends, a dumb blonde, a regular girl, and a guy who has to pretend that he's gay in order for him to live with his friends, it kinda shows how friends could be family too. Soap: has TV’s first gay character MASH: about the bonding that went on during the Korean War Finally there's a show with a black character on the show: but it's more like a mocking the black characters type of show The Brady Bunch: the first blended family type of shows: wife has kids marries husband who has kids and they blend in together: things were a little more natural Most influential TV show in history: All in The Family: came out in the late 70’s and its bout Archie who is extremely racist and does not want to let go of his old values 1980’s: Family ties is a famous show from the 80’s about a family where oldest the son was a conservative but the parents were liberal, and it was during the time of President Nixon who was extremely conservative Who’s the boss: another famous TV show from the 1980’s, it's about a single mom who lived with 2 kids and they put in a ad in the newspaper that they need a live in housekeeper and then a man becomes the maid and they sort of just become a family and then 7 seasons in they fall in love and become a real family, The Facts of Life: famous show from the 80’s not about a family kind of like a prep school/boarding school, and it was about friends and somewhat of their caretaker and how they become a family and it was showing how there's different types of families in TV shows Cheers: was not about a family, was about a group of friends that always met up in a local bar

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Full House: about a man with no wife, then you see some preteen drama and how guys dealt with it and all sorts of crazy things Cosby Show: breakthrough moment for black people/families on TV and it wasn't a “realistic show” because a doctor and lawyer lived in the same big house with a family Murphy Brown: women's news anchor, the main character decided to have a baby without a father, and the Vice President got up and made a speech that's omen like these is what is destroying America. Different Strokes: non-traditional family, this man is an old rich white man with a daughter and he adopts 2 black kids and how they're life was Married with Children: the shameless as the 80’s (a white trash family) it was the first one like this and it was on Fox. Roseanne: stand up comedian who got her own show, lower-middle class family, crude type of family. 1990’s: Friends: there was no real moment that is an impact in society Seinfeld: also no real moment where there was no real impact on society Beverly Hills 90210 The Simpsons: came out in the 90’s and is still going strong- whole fascination about adult cartoons Saved by the Bell Law and Order: one of the longest running TV shows Ellen: with Ellen degeneres, not the Ellen show, it was really popular because her character on the show came out and also in real life on the show she came out (and America bugged out) The Real World: started reality TV show when people were out into a home and an “unscripted” show (reality TV show) The Sopranos: the bad guy that you happen to love Breaking Bad Dexter Mad Men American idol: set the bar for what a reality TV show competition was like Present Day: modern family, fresh off the boat, transparent, game of thrones, the Big Bang theory, homeland (political or current events type) madam secretary, designated survivor, blackish

Transmission of values: inside out or toy story, mean girls Normalization: Culture war: Juno Culture shock- my big fat Greek wedding Moral panic: crash Dominant ideology: black panther Status conferral -

Arpanet 1961

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Tim Berners-Lee 1989 ( created the Internet) Companies start to realize that they could sell stuff online in the 1990’s - Only 2 website started online shopping 1) Amazon 2) Pets.com (pets.com flops and amazon skyrocketed)...