Accessory Structure of Skin PDF

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Accessory Structure of Skin

Structure

Function  

Hair follicle is the root of hair. Hair shaft is the visible portion

Hair

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The outer cuticle The cortex (with pigment granules) The inner medulla with air spaces

Hair matrix& hair papilla

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Nails

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Sweat Glands /sudoriferous glands (3 million throughout the body)

  Eccrine glands  

Produces hypotonic sweat composed by mostly water, some salt. Found all over the skin’s surface, especially abundant on the palms, foot soles and forehead. Lie deep in the dermis Sweat is released by exocytosis

Protection (hair on the head protecting skull from sun) sensory input( Hair is extremely sensitive to air movement) thermoregulation communication( Each hair root is connected to a smooth muscle--arrector pili that contracts in response to nerve signals from the sympathetic nervous system causing hair to stand on. Nail bed: formative layer of cells (epidermis) at the tips of fingers and toes/beneath the nail bodies. The nail body composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes. Lateral nail fold anchors the nail body. Next to nail cuticle/eponychium is lunula, a crescent-shaped region formed by a thick layer of epithelium over nail matrix. Hyponychium consists of a thickened layer of stratum corneum. Eccrine glands are a main component of thermoregulation in humans and thus help to maintain homeostasis.

 Apocrine glands

Sebaceous Gland /oil gland

  

Produces thicker sweat with organic compounds, subject to bacterial decomposition and subsequent smell. Associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas. Larger and deeper than eccrine glands Duct empties into hair follicle

Found all over the body and most associated with hair follicles. Generate and excrete sebum(a mixture of lipids).

Antiperspirant uses aluminium-based compound that can precipitate by pH and form physical block in the duct to stop sweat.

Helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair....