Structure OF Nursing Knowledge PDF

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NURSING KNOWLEDGE •Is the means by which the whole purpose of caring for patients is achieved because it underpins what we actually do. •It is what defines nurses & helps to differentiate nurses from lay caregivers & support workers •Development of nursing knowledge reflects the interface between nursing science & research. •Ultimate purpose of knowledge development is to improve nursing practice •Approaches to knowledge development have 3 facets: ontology, epistemology and methodology ONTOLOGY:   

Refers to the study of being what is or what exist A branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being A set of concepts & categories in a subject area or domain that shows the properties & relations between each other

METHODOLOGY:  Means of acquiring knowledge  A system of methods used in a particular study or activity  A body of methods, rules & principles for regulating a given discipline in a particular procedure or set of procedures METAPARADIGM •Are global concepts that identify the phenomenon of central interests to a discipline, the global propositions that describe the concepts, and the global propositions that state the relations between or among concepts •Is a set of theories or ideas that provides structure for how a discipline should function •Nursing Discipline: these theories consist of 4 basic concepts that addresses that patient as a whole, the patient`s health & well-being, the patient`s environment and the nursing responsibilities. NURSING METAPARADIGM •Embodies the knowledge base, theory, philosophy, research, practice, educational

experience and the literature identified with the profession •These given concepts vary in accordance to the experiences and views of the different nursing theorist. 4 CONCEPTS IN NURSING METAPARADIGM NURSING:  The attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse  providing care to the person PERSON:  Human-being/ individual  The recipient of nursing care; including physical, spiritual, psychological and socio-cultural components: individual, family or community ENVIRONMENT:  a surroundings or the condition in which a person or a  particular activity is carried on all internal and external conditions, circumstances & influences affecting the person. HEALTH:  State of being free from illness or injury  Degree of wellness or illness experienced by a person PHILOSOPHY •Greek words: Philo (love) and Sophos (wisdom) •Refers to the rational investigation of questions about the existence, knowledge & ethics •Belief/systems of beliefs accepted as authoritative by some group or school and any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation •Next knowledge level which specifies the definition of metaparadigm concepts in each of the conceptual models of nursing. It sets forth the meaning of phenomena through analysis, reasoning & logical argument PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING •Is a statement, sometimes written that declares the nurse`s beliefs, values & ethics regarding their care and treatment of patients.

•Philosophies have contributed to the knowledge development in nursing by forming a basis for subsequent developments especially in the area of human science. •E.g. Nightingale`s Theory (Environmental Theory/philosophy)“Nursing ought to signify the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and the proper selection & administration of diet– all at the least expense of vital power to the patient” CONCEPTUAL MODEL •Is a representation of a system that uses concepts and ideas to form the said representation. •is used as a way to describe the physical or social aspects of the world in an abstract way •Conceptual Models/ Frameworks: are representation of an idea or body of knowledge based on the understanding of a person or a researcher on a certain topic/phenomena/theory. •Can be represented through a diagram or in narrative form which shows how concepts are interrelate •E.g. Neuman`s Health Care Systems Model “The philosophic base of the Neuman Systems Model encompasses wholism/holism, a wellness orientation, client perception and motivation, and a dynamic systems perspective of energy and variable interaction with the environment to mitigate possible harm from internal and external stressors, while caregivers and clients form a partnership relationship to negotiate desired outcome goals for optimal health retention, restoration and maintenance”. USE/PURPOSE OF CONCEPTUAL MODELS 1.To provide an organizing structure for the research designs & methods 2.To guide the development & testing of interventions & hypotheses based on the tenets/beliefs/principles of the theory 3.To explain the study results & place the findings within the context of science in a specific field of investigation.  A conceptual model or a theoretical framework provides a coherent, unified and orderly way of envisioning related events or processes relevant to a discipline (Fawcett 2005).

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK •A structure of concept which exist or tested in the literature, a ready-made map for the study. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK •A structure of concepts or theories which are pulled together as a map for the study OREM`S SELF-CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY •Nurses works in life situations with others to bring about conditions that are beneficial to persons nursed. •Nursing demands the exercise of both the speculative and practical intelligence of nurses. •This knowledge is a concrete base for nurse`s development of creative insights about what can be done to bring about beneficial conditions that do not presently exist. •Nursing: practice situations, nurses must have an accurate information and knows about the existent conditions & circumstances of the patients and about the emerging changes in them. MIDDLE-RANGE THEORY •More limited in scope as compared to grand theories •Concepts & propositions are at the lower level of abstraction & are less complex •Addresses a specific phenomenon in nursing •Based on the works of the grand theorist that can be accepted in research, nursing practice or other disciplines. e.g. Peplau`s Interpersonal Relations Theory “Nursing is an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care” •Maintaining optimal stability with structured activity (body recall) for healthy aging in a community setting....