ADMJ 5 Final CHEAT SHEET PDF

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Finals Review

ADMJ 5 – Multicultural Challenge for Law Enforcement (F2014) ADMJ 5 – NOTE GUIDE – PoIntroduction: U.S. in the 21st lice Response to Terrorism Century -We are the most cultural in the I. Historical world I. Mixing of races, cultures, and ethnic groups

9/11/2001

a. Pre-

a. “Melting pot” 1. Mind-set of myth - Forget your ancestry, and culagencies ture, and to commit into the American dream. -we thought of terrorism hap-

pening somewhere else

-gov thought of it as a tradi-

tional crime issue b. Reality is a “mosaic” or “tapestry” - Numerous really had training for colors that come together to form -never war on drugs an image - numerous racial groups b. coming together without forgetting Post 9/11 their cultural history 1. c. Accepting multiculturalism Paradigm shift to “We are at war” 1. Criticisms of immigrates - different food, culture -

how you think about something/ how you view something

2. 3rd Generation and beyond no toleration for the ethnic groups

any terrorist act would be burden upon local police department (before 911 happened)

d. Voluntary migrants vs tragedies of refugees economic for a better life or refugees

-Major issues when it comes to multiple diverse society: Fear of deportation

ADMJ 5 – NOTE GUIDE – Militarization of the Police (Rise of the Warrior Cop) I. Historical a. Root cause b. Castle Doctrine -A man was in charge of his castle, do what he has to do to protect his house -Government must give their authority and must state their purpose as why they are led into their house c. 1953 - Warren Court (USSC) -Earl Warren - by protecting your constitutional rights / miranda / exclusionary rule - unreasonable search and seizure / privacy - d. 1963 – USSC Ker v. California - Unless there are emergency circumstance / knocking can be ignored e. 1965 – Watts Riot One of the biggest riots - a step towards militarization Richard Nixon running for president - used watts riot as a campaign issue - gets elected- racially motivated Darryl Gates- realized LAPD was not equipped to handle it = comes up with a swat team - special weapons and tactics SWAT - ready to take on high risk situations f. 1966 – University of Texas @ Austin Tower Shooting a high bell tower and goes up a tower and shoots civilians Austin police did not have the right weapons, had to go home and retrieve hunting rifles to shoot suspect g. 1968 – Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. -numerous riots of african americans across the USA h. 1960-1970 – Nation-wide view & Pres. Richard Nixon

national/federal government issue

-

thinking about it in a local level

-

fed and local government

trying to work together II. Impact of diversity means more complex police activities social media - training for a. Lack of knowl- finding terrorists edge and effective communications - information to fight terrorists - embrace diversity

a. 1964 – Pres. Lyndon Johnson: War on Poverty -attack causes of crime, attack poverty and crime b. 1965 – Pres. Johnson: War on Crime 1033 program - extra equipment from war are given to police departments - started in early 90s and is still present 1977 - hollywood bank shootout c. 1971 – Pres. Richard Nixon: War on Drugs

d. 1981 – Pres. Ronald Reagan and 1992 – Pres. Bill Clinton: War on Drugs

III. Disturbing trend in threats IV. Organizational culture change

f. SWAT team responses terrorism was police job swift from police to national problems increase high risk teams

b. Law enforcement paradigm shift and

e. 2001 – Pres. George W. Bush and 2008 – Pres.

18,000 law enforcement agencies 500 swat teams in 1975 80-90% of police departments have swat teams 1500 % increase in swat teams high risk that officers and innocent people will get hurt Mission creep - slowly creep from old missions to present missions Using swat to check for barchecks for underaged drinking it’s illegal to use the military against the citizens without presidential order III. Police perception of mission and Society

a. Missions: 1. Military - neutralize whatever the threat is

-destructive conflict- both sides want to win, one side wants the other to lose -Dealing with conflict management - dealing working with a community to resolve an issue to defuse problems -officers can be effective in deescalation of situations -Finding alternatives to enforcement (making an arrest) not every answer is to arrest -arresting can be inconsistent with the philosophy -police must operate of a community, not apart from -conflict management must happen occur a conflict occurs ; must

(trained in psych) to reduce the use of force - resolving conflict issues (like people with mental illnesses) - started in Memphis Tennessee (high rate officer involved shootings with individuals) -Police response to terrorism - talking about pre-9/11 - terrorist type acts were considered to be state crime issues handled by local law enforcement - not a terrorist act - just a criminal act. A

recovery after a terrorist threat or act -Terrorist acts are divided in to domestic (residents in the US) and international (funded and developed by outside groups - investigated by the cia ) -A switch from local to federal - local law enforcement has not been trained to handle terrorist act -local law enforcement going through a cultural shift -Community policing (deals with crimes) and terrorist acts are parallel - 2 different aspects 1. disrupt quality of life, threaten society, and 2. generate fear - exploit fear of the threat -Militarization of the police - a long continuous process - started out with the supreme court decisions that restricted tactics of law enforcement

uation -War on Crime - Lindon Johnson - training law enforcement to tackle the high crime rate, special training and equipment -Program that started the acquisition of military equipment 1033 program - pentagon transferring local weapons to local law enforcement to handle high risk situations -Mission creep - where there wasn't enough high crime situation -

2. Police 3. Failure of distinguishing

involved in low crime situations -Loss of perception - Mindset of being in way in a military type mission - police failing to recognize between the missions

b. “Wars” and Federal funding

-Hate crimes -Groups don't always get along well -crimes and incidences that are based on hate that is motivated by racial ethnic, and cultural intolerances

1. Tipping point

-1990 the federal hate crimes stats act was inacted in order to collect data on the hate crimes occurring in our society - local law enforcement has to collect hate crime information to the FBI that col-

a. Common parallel threats 2. 1st Peel’s Principle

c. Challenge is maintaining the balance

- using your discretion, use an alternative to resolving an issue d. Key to addressing challenges

to be in conflict -productive conflict - a balance in the forces where they can agree in an equilibrium - positive result

-Watts riot - law enforcement were unprepared to confront a major riot (tactic and equipment & training wise) -LAPD developed the first SWAT team to handle a military type sit-

2. Apply for “U” visa c. Understanding b. Appropriate training for officultural context in criminal inci- cers dents and criminal intent

come from & what they endured -Biases may influence their perspective of law enforcement based on the country they came from -conflict of management - a product of human nature - our nature

shift of thought - from a local issue to a national threat -Following investigations into 9/11, federal agencies weren’t working with each other. Dept of homeland securities brings in one management. In order to have a coordinated to terrorist acts, the

Barack Obama

evolution of strategies IV. Major issues fear of disrespect, dishonor in families a. Fear of deportation - major barrier between ethnic - need training to combat tergroups - those who are docurorism in every officers they train mented 1. Law enforcement cooperation c. Training can with federal authorities (ICE) be problematic b. Safe Reporting of Crime & the “U” Visa V. Community Policing and U-visa - If an individual is undocu- Homeland Security (Equal to mented- contacts and cooperates sec of state) with police - aides in investigations -being proactive - finding stuff what citizens would do - aide things in before it happens a resolution in a civil case- they can apply to the government for a U- - cannot leave out people’s constitutional rights - cannot Visa. Creates a legal visa, gives them stereotype the ability to work in the USA working to the path to becoming a legal resident 1. Victims of Trafficking & Violence Protection Act (2000)

-culturally aware of the various cultures to understand why certain crimes occur -Being aware of the environment or situation that immigrants

restorative justice (talking out whatever the issue is) -goal to restorative justice is to restore the victim before the crime happened -CIT team (conflict intervention team) - highly trained officers

- Beat cops have the best information

b. Level of comfort in interacting with community -building trust, building a relationa. Organizaship III. Impact of Cultural Diversity on tion’s culture is unique enforcement of law

-U-Visa - if an undocumented individual cooperates in an investigation, they can get a letter to get a U-visa = can legally work in the USA with a SS and an avenue for residency

have a structure, cant build it during a conflict -EX of conflict management techniques - issuing citations instead of arresting, diversion programs, negotiation vs confrontation,

II. “We are at war” mentality

II. Thinking and response to paradigm shift

a. shift in law enforcee. From celebra- Cultural ment tion of diversity to absolute intolerance

ADMJ5

IV. Development of a perfect storm a. Society transformation b. Gov. attempts to control social issues

lects and stores them -The information shows that racial hate crimes are the highest percentage (49%) based on race issues are the highest, sexual orientation, religion, and national origin -In order to have a hate crime there must be a criminal action against a person, place, or segment of society. Motivated by bias or hate in those categories. -PC 422 - The hate crime act in California - person must be threatened with great injury or death even if the person has no intention of carrying it out - as long the individual believes it would be carried out -threat can come in any form, verbal, written, electronic -2 types of hate: rational hate - build on hate build against you /ir -

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