Anatomy and Physiology 1 - Unit 1 - Language of Anatomy Summary and Keynotes PDF

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Unit 1: Language of AnatomyIntroduction to Anatomy andPhysiologyAnatomy – study of the structure of body and how the body parts are organized. Greek root means “to cut apart” First studied by observing the exterior body of soldiers. Physiology – study of the functions of body parts, what they do, an...

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Anatomy and Physiology 1 Notes Unit 1: Language of Anatomy Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology An Anatomy atomy – study of the structure of body and how the body parts are organized. - Greek root means “to cut apart” - First studied by observing the exterior body of soldiers. Phy Physiolo siolo siology gy – study of the functions of body parts, what they do, and how they do it. - study the chemistry and physics behind the functions of body parts and how they work together. - mostly focuses on body’s ability to maintain homeostasis.

Me Medial dial Later Lateral al Proxim Proximal al

Dist Distal al

Deep

Super Superfic fic ficial ial

Language of Anatomy Directional Terms

inferior, usually used for animals with tail nearest to midline of body away from midline, towards the side near point of attachment or origin on body; only used in extremities. away from point of attachment or origin on body; only used in extremities. Away from the exterior surface of the body; further into the body Near/close to the surface of the body; on the surface/shallow

Planes An Anatomic atomic atomical al Pla Plane ne – divides body into sections

Super Superior ior

uppermost/above

Inferior Anteri Anterior or

lowermost/below toward the front

Ventral

can also be used for anterior. - means the belly side toward the back can also be used for posterior. - means the back side toward the head/same with superior specifically means toward the tail/synonymous with

Post Posterior erior

Dorsal

Ceph Cephalic alic alic/ / Crani Cranial al Cau Caudal dal

Mids Midsagit agit agittal tal Plan Plane/ e/ Me Median dian Plane Sagitt Sagittal al Plan Plane e

Hori Horizont zont zontal/Tr al/Tr al/Tran an sver sverse/Cr se/Cr se/Cross oss osssect section ion Plan Plane e

vertically divides body through midline into equal left and right halves any plane parallel to midsagittal, vertically dividing body into unequal left and right portion any plane dividing body into superior and inferior portions

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Anatomy and Physiology 1 Notes Unit 1: Language of Anatomy Fron Frontal/ tal/ Coro Coronal nal Plane

divides anterior and posterior portions of body at right angle to sagittal plane

by pleural membrane (Pleural Cavities ) - Mediastinum : found between the pleural cavities; contains heart, thymus gland, lymph and blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and nerves.

Anatomical Positions Litho Lithotom tom tomy y Posit Position ion

Tren Trendelen delen delenbur bur burg g Posit Position ion Fowl Fowler’s er’s Posit Position ion

Left Later ateral al Recu Recumbe mbe mbent nt Posit Position ion Righ Rightt Later ateral al Recu Recumbe mbe mbent nt Posit Position ion Pron Prone e Positi Position on Supin Supine eP Positio ositio osition n

lying on back, knees bent and thighs apart, assume vaginal/rectal examination lying supine, head slightly lower than feet head higher than feet, sitting straight up or leaning slightly back, legs may be straight or bent lying on left side

Diaphragm muscle separates the thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity. 2.

lying on right side

lying with face directed towards the floor lying with face up, patient looking upward

Cavities Cavi Cavity ty – space or compartment in body

Parietal Visceral

Abdominopelvic Cavity – Abdominal cavity

(kidneys, stomach, liver, and gallbladder, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas) – Pelvic cavity (reproductive organs) walls of cavity covering on an organ

Anatomical Landmarks

Dor Dorsal sal C Cavit avit avity y

divided into:

Cranial Cavity – contains brain

Ven Ventral tral Cavi Cavity ty

Spinal Cavity – contains spinal cord contains organs involved in homeostasis 1. Thoracic Cavity – surrounded by rib cage; contains heart in pericardial sac (Pericardial Cavity ) and two lungs each covered

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Anatomy and Physiology 1 Notes Unit 1: Language of Anatomy Verte Vertebral bral Sca Scapular pular Dor Dorsum sum Lum Lumbar bar Sacr Sacral al Perin Perineal eal Fem Femoral oral Calc Calcane ane aneal al Plan Plantar tar

Spinal Shoulder Blade Back Loin Between Hips Between Anus and Genitalia Thigh Heel Sole

Abdominal Quadrants/Regions

Ceph Cephalic alic Fron Frontal tal Nas Nasal al Orbit Orbital al Bucc Buccal al Oral Cerv Cervical ical Men Mental tal Acrom Acromial ial Ster Sternal nal Axillar Axillary y Thor Thoracic acic Mam Mammar mar mary y Brac Brachial hial Ante Antecu cu cubital bital Olecr Olecrania ania aniall Ante Antebrac brac brachi hi hial al Popl Popliteal iteal Patell Patellar ar Sur Sural al Carp Carpal al Palm Palmar ar Polle Pollex x Digit Digital al Pubic Crur Crural al Tars Tarsal al Hallu Hallux x Occi Occipita pita pitall

Head Forehead Nose Eye Cheek Mouth Neck Chin Shoulder Breast Bone Armpit Chest Breast Arm Front Elbow Back Elbow Forearm Posterior Knee Anterior Knee Calf Wrist Palm Thumb Fingers/Toes Genital Leg Ankle Big Toe Base of Skull

Skull Anatomy

Chest Anatomy

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Anatomy and Physiology 1 Notes Unit 1: Language of Anatomy Fibrou Fibrouss Mem Membr br brane ane structural

–

non-fluid

filled,

Anatomical Terms of Movement An Anatomic atomic atomical al term termss of mov moveme eme ement nt - describes action of muscles upon the skeleton.

Flexio Flexion n

Membranes Sero Serous us Mem Membra bra brane ne (seros (serosa) a) – membranes lining closed internal body cavities such as the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum - parietal, visceral

Exte Extension nsion Abd Abducti ucti uction on Add Adducti ucti uction on Me Medial dial Rota Rotation tion Later Lateral al R Rotat otat otation ion Elev Elevation ation

decreases angle between two body parts increases angle between two body parts movement away from midline movement towards the midline rotational movement towards midline rotational movement away from midline movement in superior direction

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Anatomy and Physiology 1 Notes Unit 1: Language of Anatomy Depre Depressi ssi ssion on Pron Pronatio atio ation n Supin Supination ation Dor Dorsiflexi siflexi siflexion on

Plan Plantarfle tarfle tarflexio xio xion n

Inver Inversion sion

Eversi Eversion on

Op Oppositi positi position on Rep Repositio ositio osition n

Circum Circumd ducti uction on

Protr Protractio actio action n

Retr Retracti acti action on

Retrus Retrusion ion Protr Protrusion usion

movement in inferior direction lying flat on the front, palm down lying flat on the back, palm up movement at ankle so that foot points more superiorly movement at ankle so that foot points more inferiorly movement of sole towards median plane; sole faces in a medial direction movement of sole away from median plane; sole faces in a lateral direction brings the thumb and little finger together moves thumb and little finger away from each other conical movement of limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled; sometimes referred to as circular motion anterolateral movement of scapula on the thoracic wall; allows shoulder to move anteriorly posteromedial movement of scapula on the thoracic wall; allows shoulder to move posteriorly involves going backwards going straight ahead or forward

Structural Organization

Body Systems Inte Integumen gumen gumenttary Syst System em

Skelet Skeletal al Syste System m

Nerv Nervous ous Sys System tem

Musc Muscul ul ular ar Syst System em

End Endocrine ocrine Syst System em

Card Cardiova iova iovascul scul scular ar Syst System em Lym Lympha pha phatic tic Syst System em

Res Respirator pirator piratory y Syst System em Dige Digestive stive Syst System em Urin Urinary ary System Repr Reproduc oduc oductive tive Syst System em

 Largest organ of the body  Forms a physical barrier between the external and the internal environment.  Body's central framework  Bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.  Body's command center  Originating from brain  Controls movements, thoughts and automatic responses.  Composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers  Predominant function is contractibility.  Made up of different hormones  Regulates biological processes from conception through adulthood and old age.  Delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body.  Network of tissues, vessels and organs  Moves a colorless, watery fluid called lymph back into circulatory system  Moves fresh air while removing waste gases.  Made up of the digestive tract and other organs  Helps the body break down and absorb food.  Filters blood, removing waste and excess water.  Waste becomes urine.  Functions:  To produce egg and sperm cells  To transport and sustain these cells  To nurture the developing offspring

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