Anatomy and Physiology notes PDF

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Summary

INTRO...

Description

Anatomy and Physiology Study of the function of the body parts

Study of the structure and shape of the body apart

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nature

Study of

Differences in the size and shape of the body parts signifies its functions

-large observable parts -too small and can’t be seen

Structural Organization Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. - Cells are made up of molecules - Tissues consist of similar types of cells - Organs are made up of different types of tissues - Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. Human organisms are made up of many organ systems.

Organ Systems Overview ˪ ˪ ˪ ˪

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Forms the external body covering Protects deeper tissue from injury Helps regulate body temperature Location of cutaneous nerve receptors Produces movement Maintains posture Produces heat

Protects and supports body organs Provides muscle attachment for movement Site of blood cell formation Stores minerals

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Fast-acting control system Responds to internal and external change Activates muscles and glands

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Secretes regulatory hormones Growth Reproduction Metabolism

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Returns fluids to blood vessels Cleanses the blood Involved in immunity

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Breaks down food Allows for nutrient absorption into blood Eliminates indigestible material as feces

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Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes

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Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide

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Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Maintains acid-base balance Regulates water and electrolytes

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Produces offspring Testes produce sperm and male hormone Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones

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Necessary Life Functions • •

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Locomotion Movement of substances

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Ability to sense changes and react

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Breakdown and absorption of nutrients —chemical reactions within the

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Break down complex molecules into sma ones Build larger molecules from smaller one Produces energy Regulated by hormones

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Eliminates waste from metabolic react Wastes may be removed in urine or feces

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Occurs on cellular level or organismal level Produces future generation

Increases cell size and number of cells

Survival Needs • • •

Chemicals for energy and cell building Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

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Required for chemical reactions

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60 to 80 percent of body weight Most abundant chemical in the human body Provides for metabolic reaction

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37°C (98°F)

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Must be appropriate for gas exchange

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