Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System Review Questions PDF

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Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System Review Questions...

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Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System Review Questions 1. Name the organs, accessory glands, and ducts of the male reproductive system. Organs: the testes Accessory organs: scrotum, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands Ducts: convoluted seminiferous tubules, ductus epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra

2. Discuss the significance of meiosis and spermatogenesis. Meiosis is the process that produces the sperm cells

3. Beginning at the seminiferous tubule of a testis, describe the path of sperm to the outside. Seminiferous tubule → rete testis → efferent ducts → ductus epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → Urethra

4. Name the three parts of the male urethra and their location. Prostatic urethra in the prostate, membranous urethra goes from the prostatic urethra to the penis, spongy or cavernous urethra in the penis

5. What physiologic processes maintain an erection? During sexual stimulation, arteries supplying the penis dilate so blood enters blood sinuses, which compress the veins that would normally drain the penis, thus maintaining an erection.

6. Name the organs of the female reproductive system. Primary organs: ovaries Accessory organs: uterine or fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva

7. Discuss the significance of meiosis and oogenesis. Meiosis is the process that produces the egg and the three polar bodies.

8. Describe and discuss the significance of the events in an ovarian cycle. Primary follicle → secondary follicle → Graafian or mature follicle ready for ovulation → corpus luteum → corpus albicans

9. Name the phases of the menstrual cycle and what occurs during each phase. Menstrual phase: lining of the uterus is shed. Primary follicles begin their development; 20 to 25 secrete low levels of estrogen. A clear membrane, the zona pellucida, develops around each egg. By day 5, 20 develop into secondary follicles that secrete a fluid, pushing the egg to the edge of the secondary follicle. Only one egg matures via meiosis. Preovulatory or proliferative stage: only one follicle develops into a mature graafian follicle, which discharges the egg (ovulation); lining of the uterus thickens. Ruptured graafian becomes a corpus hemorrhagicum with a blood clot. Blood clot gets absorbed and becomes the corpus luteum or yellow body. Postovulatory or secretory phase: corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone. If no fertilization, corpus luteum degenerates and becomes corpus albicans; the lining of uterus is shed. If fertilization and implantation do occur, the corpus luteum is maintained until the placenta develops.

Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System Review Questions 10. Describe the three stages of labor. Dilation stage: the cervix is dilated by the head of the fetus; amnion ruptures, releasing fluid, “water breaking.” It can last 12 hours. Expulsion stage: the child moves through the cervix and vagina to the outside world. It can last 50 minutes (first birth) to 20 minutes (future birth). Placenta stage: placenta detaches from the uterus within 15 minutes after birth (called the afterbirth).

Fill in the blank

1. The cremaster muscle in the spermatic cord elevated the testes on exposure to cold. 2. Each lobule of a testis contains one to three tightly coiled tubules called the convoluted tubules that produce sperm by a process called spermatogenesis.

3. The epididymis is the site of sperm maturation and storage. 4. The funnel-shaped open end of each uterine tube is called the infundibulum and is surrounded by a fringe of finger-like projections called the fimbriae.

5. A follicle ready for ovulation is known as a graafian follicle. 6. The term vulva, or pudendum, is a collective term for the external genitalia of a female. 7. The circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple is called the areola; it appears rough because it contains modified sebaceous glands.

8. The perineum is a diamond-shaped area between the thighs and buttocks of both males and females.

9. The milk-secreting cell’s of the mammary glands are grape-like clusters of cells called alveoli.

10. Childbirth is called parturition. Matching Sertoli cells - nutrients for spermatozoa Interstitial cells of Leydig - testosterone Seminal vesicles - alkaline component of semen rich in fructose Prostate gland - surrounds part of urethra Cowper’s gland - mucus secretion Seminalplasmin - antibiotic Corpus luteum - progesterone and estrogen

Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System Review Questions

Menarche - first mensis Labia minora - sebaceous glands Labia majora - adipose tissue and sweat glands...