Anatomy HW Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 24, 26 PDF

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Anatomy Homework Chapter 1 1) A group of cells that work together to perform a particular function is a(n) - Tissue 2) Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues? - Interstitial fluid 3) If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of: - Negative feedback 4) The thighs are located in which body region? - Lower limb 5) The phalanges (finger bones) are distal to the carpals (wrist bones). 6) During a visit to your doctor, you complain about headaches and anxiety. These changes in your body functions are considered… - Symptoms 7) Which cavities are lined by serous membranes - Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities 8) Which body process is controlled using a positive feedback loop? - The increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch. 9) Put the cavities in order from broadest to most specific in which the lungs are located - Ventral, thoracic, parietal pleura, visceral pleura 10) What process occurs when amino acids build new proteins? - Anabolism 11) Put the cavities in order from broadest to most specific in which the urinary bladder is located. - Ventral, abdominopelvic, pelvic, paretal peritoneal, visceral peritoneal

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12) The function of the secretions of the pleura is to… - Reduce friction between neighboring organs. 13) An imaginary vertical line that separates the body into equal left and right sides is called the - Midsagittal plane 14) Most of the liver is found in which quadrant? - Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Chapter 2 1) What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body? - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen 2) The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s - Atomic number 3) The nucleus of unstable _____ of an element will decay leading to the emission of radiation. - Isotopes 4) This refers to a weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element. - Atomic mass 5) Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds? - Electron 6) The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms making up a single water molecule are called - Polar covalent bond

7) Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three-dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA? - Hydrogen

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8) The likelihood that an atom will form a chemical bond with another atom depends on the electrons in its outermost shell also called - Valence shell 9) An enzyme acts to - Lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction 10) Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products? - Decomposition 11) This type of lipid is the body’s primary long-term energy storage molecule. - Triglyceride 12) Which of the following is not a property of enzymes? - Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze. 13) Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA? - Nucleotide 14) What is the name given to a negatively charged atom? - Anion Chapter 3 1) What are the polar parts of phospholipids? - Phosphate-containing head groups 2) Plasma membranes are ____, which means that some chemicals move easily through the plasma membrane while other chemicals do not. - Selectively permeable 3) Which of the following is the transport process by which gases, like O2 and CO2, move through a membrane? - Simple diffusion 4) Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins? - Rough endoplasmic reticulum 5) Which of the following memorable-enclosed organelles can engulf a worn-out organelle, digest its chemical components, and recycle those digested components?

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Lysosomes

6) During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of sister chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. - Anaphase 7) The difference in concentration of a specific charged chemical, like K+, across a membrane is referred to as a(n) - Electrical gradient 8) What is the site of synthesis of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits.? - Nucleolus 9) A cell lacking ribosomes would unable to make what organic compound? - Proteins 10) Interphase - Is best described as a period of growth and DNA replication, getting the cell ready to undergo division 11) Which of the following lists the phases of the cell cycle in the correct sequence? - G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, mitosis, cytokinesis 12) The end result of mitosis - Two diploid cells identical to the parent cell 13) Interstitial fluid is the fluid - Between the cells in a tissue 14) Which organelle aids the movement of the cell? - Endoplasmic reticulum

15) What substance cannot diffuse through a lipid bilayer? - Ions and glucose 16) At normal body temp., how does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity? - Cholesterol makes the membrane less fluid Chapter 4

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1) Which epithelial tissue is found lining the kidney glomerulus, and performs blood filtration? - Simple squamous epithelium 2) Which epithelial tissue lines most bronchioles and fallopian tubes and moves mucus and oocytes? - Ciliated simple columnar epithelium 3) In which area would transitional epithelial cells be found? - The lining of the urinary bladder 4) The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of - Proteins fibers and ground substance 5) The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of - Fibrocartilage 6) Spongy bone tissue lacks - Osteocytes 7) Which membrane lines freely moveable joints? - Synovial membrane 8) Cell junctions - Tight junction - Adheres junction - Desmosomes - Gap junction - Hemidesmosomes

9) Which light micrograph shows a muscle tissue that is under involuntary control? - A and C 10) Cardiac muscle pumps blood through the body and smooth muscle is located in the wall of blood vessels? 11) Which cells are considered excitable cells because they are able to produce electrical signals? - Neuroglial cells and neurons

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12) Which figure shows collagen fibers running in a uniform pattern? 13) Support electrical excitable cells found in the nervous system? - Neurons 14) Electrical signals called action potentials to travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters that are then used to communicate with other cells. 15) What connective tissue is replaced by bone in the epiphyseal plates? - Hyaline Cartilage Chapter 5 1) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the… - Epidermis 2) Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light? - Melanin 3) In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens? - Melanocytes 4) This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes. - Stratum basale 5) Which statement are true? - The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum - Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses. 6) Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the - Dermis 7) Albinism is the inherited inability to produce - Melanin 8) Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? - Sweat glands

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9) You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis. - Stratum corneum - Stratum lucidium - Strarum granulosum - Stratum spinosum - Strarum basale 10) How do nutrients reach the epidermis? - Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis. 11) In the photomicrograph, which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells) - E Chapter 24 1) Which of the following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine? - Absorption 2) Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats? - Liver 3) Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels? - Lamina propria 4) Which plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis? - Myenteric plexus 5) Which portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine? - Greater omentum 6) Which of the following layers of the GI tract contains skeletal muscle? - Muscularis of the stomach, small and large intestines

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7) Which of the following cells secretes hydrochloric acid? - Parietal cells 8) Which of the following small intestines cells secretes lysozyme? - Paneth cells 9) Which structure regulates the flow of material into the colon? - Ileocecal sphincter 10) What is line D pointing to? - Muscularis 11) Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on glycogen and starches? - Amylase 12) What does line E point to? - Pyloric sphincter 13) Name the structure labeled F - Gastric pit 14) Which of the following structures is found in the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical vein in a fetus? - Round ligament Chapter 26 1) Which is not a major function of the kidney? - Regulation of blood cell size 2) The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the - Renal columns 3) Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? - Glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct 4) Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances? - Proximal convoluted tubule 5) This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood. - Glomerulus

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6) This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate. - Secretion 7) Glomerular capillaries and podocytes together form the - Filtration membrane 8) This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder - Ureter 9) This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder. - Internal urethral orifice 10) Where is the distal convoluted tubule? - D 11) What does line M point to? - Collecting duct 12) Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys? - Interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries . arcuate veins 13) The cortical nephron is key to the formation of concentrated urine by virtue of the countercurrent mechanism. - False 14) The parasympathetic division of the ANS regulates the flow of blood through the kidney. - False 15) What type of cells are found in the proximal convoluted tubule? - Simple cuboidal 16) Inflammation of the bladder is called - Cystitis...