HW Chapter-3-4-5 PDF

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BIO 181 General Biology Chapter 2 In-Class Chapter 3 1. Show the polarity of the water molecule. Which atoms have a slight positive (d+) or negative (d-) charge? Why? _____Oxygen is negative due to the lone electrons and hydrogen is positive_________________

2. Hydrogen bonds between the same substance (like water molecules) are called _____cohesion________________. 3. Hydrogen bonds between different substances are called ________adhesion_________________. 4. A ______solute_________ is dissolved in a _____solvent____________, creating a _____solution________. 5. A substance that has an affinity for water (can be dissolved) is a _______hydrophilic_______ substance. 6. A substance that does not have an affinity for water (cannot be dissolved) is a _____hydrophobic____ substance. Chapter 4: 1. How many electrons does carbon have in its valence shell? ____4____

2. Carbon most frequently forms bonds with ________oxygen_________, ________nitrogen________ and _______phosphate__________.

3. Draw methane (CH4) using electron distribution diagrams. Example: C surrounded by 4 paired electrons(8 dots) in shell, 4 H around C.

4. _____Hydrocarbons_____ are organic molecules that only consist of carbon and hydrogen.

5. Label the isomers:

_______Structural_________

_____cis-trans_______

_______enantiomers_______

6. Draw a line to connect the functional group to its structure:

carboxyl

methyl

carbonyl

phosphate

Hydroxyl

Carbonyl

Carboxyl

sulfhydryl

Amino

Sulfhydryl

hydroxyl

Phosphate

amino

Methyl

Chapter 5 1. The part of an atom that carries a single negative charge is the _________electron____________. 2. The type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons is called ______covalent bond________ 3. A decomposition reaction is also called __________chemical breakdowns____________. 4. If the pH of a substance is 5, then that substance is considered to be ________acidic_________ 5. Organic substances always contain the element _________carbon____________. 6. ________glycerol__________ acid is the main building block of a lipid. __________amino_________ acid is the main building block of a protein. 7. Why is it that human digest starch and not cellulose? Our bodies do not have the enzymes to digest cellulose but do have the enzymes to digest starch.

8. Dehydration reactions assemble --------polymer-------, and hydrolysis reactions break down ________polymer__________ 9. Saturated Fatty acid contain _______no double bonds________ bonds and unsaturated fatty acid have------ one or more double bonds 10. Lipids are not Macromolecules .T/F 11. Human Sex Hormones are insoluble in water. Why? This is because a lot of proteins are steroids....