Animal Welfare and Veterinary Center - B.Arch Thesis Report PDF

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ANIMAL WELFARE AND VETERINARY CENTER A THESIS REPORT Submitted by SHERLY IRENE R P In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE MEASI Academy of Architecture 87 Peter’s Road, Royapettah, Chennai 600014 ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025 APRIL 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I w...

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ANIMAL WELFARE AND VETERINARY CENTER A THESIS REPORT Submitted by

SHERLY IRENE R P

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

MEASI Academy of Architecture 87 Peter’s Road, Royapettah, Chennai 600014

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600025 APRIL 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof.N.Altaf Ahmed,Director and to Prof.V.Balaji, Design chair for their encouragement and guidance which helped me through the design process

I express my thanks to Prof.S.Kesavalu,HOD for his assistance and guidance on various structural details throughout my design development

Special thanks to Ar.Rupalatha Roosevelt and Ar.Elias Koshy , members of the review committee for their guidance, support and constructive criticism through each stage of design development

Furthermore I would like to thank Ar.Shabana Parween, Supervisor for her constructive criticism and moral support throughout the development of my thesis

I would like to thank my parents, Mr.Robert Parthiban and Mrs.Suba Robert for being my main support system and helping me get through hard times and a special thanks to my dearest sister, Sheryl Pauline for all her moral support and encouragement.

Dedicated to the abandoned dogs at Blue Cross of India that made me want to pursue this topic

ABSTRACT

This thesis has been worked on with a goal to try to achieve the best possible Veterinary facility for companion animals. Best in terms of comfort, safety, and well-being of the animals. The quality of existing animal oriented buildings are much below the quality of any human oriented building . The reason being nothing but negligence towards the environmental and sanitary conditions of such facilities. This project aims to rethink how the three core veterinary facilities are designed, keeping in mind the perspective of the end user. After all, what is compassion if we do not see through the eyes of our dogs and cats?

CORE FACILITIES

“The biggest problem with animal oriented facilities is the humanization of space”

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………….… iv DEDICATION…………………………………………………………….….… v ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….… vi

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………... 01 1.1 About the Project 1.2 Need 1.3 Aim 1.4 Objective 2. STUDY………………………………………………………………….02 2.1 Veterinary Hospital 2.2 Functions of a Veterinary Hospital 2.3 Design Considerations 2.4 Spatial Requirements 2.5 Surgical Procedure 2.6 Ventilation 2.7 Surfaces and Fittings 2.8 Special study 2.9 Animal Shelter 2.10 Functions of an Animal Shelter 2.11 Design Considerations

3. CASE STUDY…………………………………………………………….36 Veterinary Hospital (Live) 3.1 CUPA Veterinary Hospital 3.2 Cessna Veterinary Hospital Veterinary Hospital (Net) 3.3 Oasis Veterinary Hospital 3.4 Wallan Veterinary Hospital 3.5 Comparitive Analysis Animal Shelter (Live) 3.6 Blue Cross of India 3.7 CARE Animal Shelter 3.8 Comparitive Analysis 4.SITE………………………………………………………………………..59 4.1 Site Selection Criteria 4.2 Site Analysis 5. DESIGN …………………………………………………………………61 5.1 Area Statement 6.APENDICES………………………………………………………………74 7.REFERENCES…………..………………………………………………..74

1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT The project comprises of three elements pertaining to all necessary veterinary requirements for companion animals. 1. Veterinary Hospital 2. Pet Spa and grooming center + Boarding 3. Animal shelter

1.2 NEED Current scenario of veterinary facilities are lacking basic things such as good ventilation , healthy and healing environment , proper handling and execution of medical procedures. Etc. As far as the hospital is concerned, the problem lies at the design of the facility itself. Improper segregation of species causes unnecessary stress and fear among animals which in turn creates an aversion towards the hospital. Complete disregard to how the actual user of the building(the dogs and cats) interact with it. On the other hand, Animal shelters face a completely different set of issues. Dog overpopulation is one of the main issues in the country as of now. It is illegal to kill stray dogs and so most of these dogs end up overcrowding the shelters. There is no control over stray dogs breeding as the Animal Birth Control system is not being followed efficiently either. The ABC(Animal Birth Control) rules 2001, AWBI(Animal Welfare Board of India) states that all stray dogs must be routinely picked up and sent to Veterinary hospitals to undergo Castration and must be brought back to where it was taken from. But this system is not being followed in most of the states which leads to over population of stray dogs. This not only poses a threat to the capacity of existing shelters but also to the lives of thousands of stray dogs that die of car accidents every year .

The life of overcrowded shelter dogs is an unfortunate misery. Most of the shelters have very poor hygiene , poor maintenance and bad ventilation. This not only affects the physical wellbeing of the animal but also the mental wellbeing. Dogs that have been rescued from accidents, drowning in wells, mistreated by owners and so on, are taken to a safe place by some animal lover and their wounds are treated and they’re sent to the shelter with a second opportunity to live . But is the shelter an ideal home for a stray? Could it ever be? If it had to be, what needs to be changed?

1.3 AIM (i) (ii) (iii)

To enhance the quality of Medical facilities in the treatment of animals. To create better accommodation facilities and improve the enriching factors of the life of a shelter animal To provide a healthy environment that would be conducive to the physiological, social, environmental, behavioral and psychological needs of the animal

1.4 OBJECTIVE (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

To understand how veterinary hospitals function and develop a fear free environment for the patients To comprehend why animals shelters are the way they are To find a solution to overcrowding of shelters To come up with an innovative and effective design that caters to the physical and psychological wellbeing of shelter animals

2.STUDY 2.1 VETERINARY HOSPITAL An animal hospital is an institution designed, built, equipped and staffed to render modern veterinary care to animals. This care involves numerous functions and services: reception, admission and discharge; bookkeeping and payroll; purchase and account collections; outpatient services; laboratory; radiography; surgery and hospitalization services, including nursing care around the clock. These are the basic essential services which must be rendered by any animal hospital. There are others, such as grooming, boarding and providing vending machines for clients and employees, but these are secondary services not essential to modern veterinary care.

2.2 FUNCTIONS OF A VETERINARY HOSPITAL The functions of a veterinary hospital fall into four basic divisions:    

the outpatient or clinical the surgical the hospital General services.

1.The Outpatient/ Clinical unit deals with day to day handling of patients. This unit must have proper facility to hold a large number of patients and daily footfall based on the number of Outpatient rooms available. Therefore it is important to think about the waiting areas for such spaces 2.The Surgical unit is a sterile area and must be deal with utmost hygiene and care as it can easily transmit diseases during surgery when the wounds are open. This unit of the hospital is not open to the public and must follow strict routines of sterilization as per VCI standards. (Veterinary Council of India) 3.The Hospital refers to the treatment units and the In patient facility. This unit handles second degree ailments after they have been looked over by an Outpatient

Veterinarian . A separate unit is to be provided for their treatment, obervation and recovery .This unit is not open to the public 4.General Services in a Veterinary Hospital refer to the Administrative department, account keeping, janitor services, pharmacy and storage facilty. Etc. These are the ancillary facilities that are necessary to support the functioning of the hospital

2.3DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The design of the hospital is important and many factors should be considered to create a suitable environment. Some of the main points are listed below:

A. Environmental Conditions: - Any clinical areas such as the animal wards and surgery should be maintained at a higher temperature for animals undergoing surgery or recovering from GA and for sick patients on treatment. -There should be adequate and appropriate ventilation, open windows and doors do not help to maintain any heat and are also an escape route for patients -Adequate ventilation also helps to release bad odor from Treatment and Isolation rooms -Recovery rooms with access to greenery either physically or visually helps in healing B. Function: -Each room should be adequate for its function, they should be large enough for the purpose and have sufficient lighting, electrical sockets and be in a good location.

- Ideally surgery rooms on higher floors should be avoided if kennel/holding areas are downstairs. - Zoning of spaces ought to be done with respect to the way they function, for example, an emergency surgery will have to go from the emergency unit to the preparation room to the OT and then to recovery and(or) In patient ward. This sequence must determine the location of various spaces and functions C.Layout: -The floor plan of the hospital or clinic should be carefully considered so that there is a flow through of traffic such as from consulting room out to treatment areas and kennels and from prep room to surgery. -Having to walk through several rooms or even go outside to get from one area to another is not ideal. -Where possible the front of the hospital should be for client areas such as reception and consulting rooms, and the rear is treatment areas that are more private and secure. -It should be determined early in the design process which areas of the hospital should receive special consideration for infection control. -These areas include those used for housing or treating immune-compromised patients (e.g., patients receiving chemotherapy, geriatric patients, pediatric patients), such as operating rooms, isolation areas, intensive care units, postoperative recovery rooms, and oncology wards. - Operating rooms require a higher degree of infection control than other areas. -The design of the operating room should limit foot traffic in the adjacent areas. This mainly involves placing the operating room in a "dead end" to minimize the movement of people outside the entrance. Windows in operating rooms should never be opened. -Any windows in the hospital that are allowed to open should be well fitted with insect screens.

-Because hand washing is one of the main strategies for preventing nosocomial infections, special attention should be paid to providing convenient hand washing stations in all clinical areas of the hospital. -Sinks should be as deep as possible to prevent splashing of water and scattering of organisms. -Ideally, foot pedals or infrared sensors should be installed to allow hands-free operation of all faucets and limit the role of faucet handles as fomites. -Antiseptic hand lotion dispensers can also be located in these stations to maximize staff compliance with hand hygiene policies. -If cage blankets, surgical drapes, other clinical linens, or food bowls are to be washed in-house, the hot water system should be designed to provide temperatures in excess of 160°F to ensure disinfection laundry and dishwasher cycles.

D.Circulation: (i)Typical circulation of the Client -Upon approaching the hospital the client must be oriented so that he may go either to the main lobby or directly to the emergency entrance. -If the client enters through the reception area , he should go directly to the receptionist station to register. -If it is necessary for the client to wait, there should be a waiting area provided. -From the waiting area the client will move to the examination room. The client should have direct access to the examination room and not allowed to circulate in the work areas of the hospital. -Following the examination and treatment of his pet, the client is directed to a separate check-out counter at the receptionist station to make additional appointments and financial arrangements. -From the receptionist station the client will leave the hospital

(ii)Circulation of a typical patient that is need of minor medical attention. -The patient and client are taken from the waiting area to the examination area. -The examination room is equipped to administer vaccinations and minor medical treatment. -If more extensive treatment is necessary the patient is taken to the treatment area. -After the treatment, the patient is returned to the client at the waiting area and discharged. (iii)Circulation of a typical Surgical Patient. -The surgery is always scheduled except for emergency cases. -After the patient has arrived, he is taken to the preoperative area to be prepared for surgery. -After the patient is prepared he is taken into the surgery area. -After the surgery is complete he is placed in the intensive care cages for close observation for a few hours. -From the intensive care cages he is transferred to the hospital ward until he is ready to be discharged. -If the patient expires during surgery, the carcass is placed in a plastic bag and taken to the morgue (freezer), where the animal is later picked up and taken away.

(iv)Circulation of a typical emergency case. -The emergency entrance is located adjacent to the treatment area for quicker treatment and to avoid any unnecessary mess in the receptionist area. Emergency cases will be received at this entrance. -While the patient is in the treatment area the injuries are determined. -If surgery is required the patient is taken to the preoperative area and prepared for surgery.

2.4 SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS

The spatial requirements of a Veterinary hospital fall under three categories: A.Clinical areas B.Hospital areas C.General areas

A.CLINICAL AREAS Much of the outpatient area is for the clients use. It is occasionally referred to as the clinical area because of the activities are clinical oriented. The functions that occur here include reception, examination, pathological services, pharmaceutical services, public toilet, and storage

1. RECEPTION -The receptionist station should be designed for two employees and in a manner allowing them to observe entering clients, direct clients to examination rooms, collect compensation due, assist the doctors as needed, and work without disturbance from children, dogs, and talkative clients. -A small counter should be available for payment of accounts affording a limited degree of privacy so that the client feels free to discuss charges in detail. Equipment:  2 rolling chairs  counter for filling out records  separate counter for money transactions and scheduling appointments (for privacy)

     

telephone answering device record storing system intercom system burglar alarm system file cabinets (4 drawer) copy machine

2.WAITING ROOM

Most of the stress and fear developed at a Veterinary hospital comes from the type of waiting room environment. Improper segregation of species, Close proximity of cat and dog waiting areas in the hospital is the top reason of creating stress in dogs and cats. Reception areas in veterinary hospitals have traditionally been akin to standard physician’s office waiting rooms. They’re typically lined with chairs and benches. Sometimes there’s a hospitality counter with coffee and water and a television on the wall for light entertainment. Modern veterinary practices often try to think outside the box when it comes to the waiting experience at their hospital by incorporating alternative waiting areas. These alternative waiting areas offer more to clients—more technology, more comfort, more convenience and more choices Client waiting: 1. Outdoor waiting areas: Give clients the option to get outside for a bit instead of being cooped up inside. Clients can get some fresh air and reconnect with nature. For pets that get stressed sitting in reception, it’s an opportunity to go to a more open and natural environment, which might help them feel less confined and potentially calmer and happier 2. Long-term waiting area:

 Some people prefer to wait for their pets while they undergo medical procedures as opposed to leaving and coming back later when the procedure is over.  For these people, it’s nice to offer a long-term waiting area—a separate, quieter and more private space than standard waiting rooms.  They should be extra comfortable, with sofas and arm chairs, and equipped with TVs, Wi-Fi and maybe even some computers for public use. Having snacks and beverages available is also nice, as well as private restrooms, if possible. Patient waiting

1. DOG waiting area: -Provision of sufficient space to help patients pass by each other without too much contact -The ability to look outside and have a view of the outdoor environment reduces stress in dogs and pet owners -Availability of natural light and outdoor spill out areas can reduce the amount of anxiety developed in the waiting room environment -Configuration of the seating and availability of varied options to clients and pets can contribute to a better waiting room environment -Availability of play toys and distracting elements -TV screens and displays of humane education/ healthcare/ etc.

2. CAT waiting area: -A private, quiet waiting area dedicated to cat clients is a must in modern veterinary hospitals.

- It gives cat clients the ability to escape the noises and smells associated with dog customers, who can help lower the stress levels of both the cats and their owners. -Cats are smaller than dogs and thus cat waiting areas can be relatively small. -Enclosing them in glass allows visibility from staff, while still keeping the odors and noises away -Provision of scratch pads and play toys help distract the cats and keep them occupied

3. EXAMINATION ROOM

-The examination should be done in privacy allowing the doctor to consult with the client. - A minimum amount of treatment should be done here to minimize in cleaning and to aid in the scheduling of work, therefore increasing the number of patients that can be seen in one day. -The treatment is generally carried out in another area of the hospital, preventing the client from experiencing the sometimes unpleasant sights and odors - Since they require a syringe and needle, the injectable should be stored so that the doctor can reach all three without having to take a step. The injectable should be kept in a small counter top refrigerator with the syringe and needles nearby. -Indoor/outdoor examination rooms are great for Fear Free practices, as some dogs are calmer and happier when being seen in an outdoor environment instead of an indoor exam room.

Examination Equipment:  -sink, for washing hands  -counter top  -refrigerator, to store injectable and meds

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-examination table -small cabinet, for storing examination instruments -instruments to perform an examination such as: -diagnostic set; thermometer; 2 artery forceps; 2 dressing forceps; cotton wool jar; 5 inch curved scissors; 1 S/S kidney dish; IS/s bowl; stethoscope -oxygen, emergency supply -seating for clients -X-ray viewer, wall mounted -small supply of drugs in everyday use -examination lamp -syringes and needles -weighing scale

Services: -Air conditioning -Water supply

4. PHARMACY: The pharmacy should be located adjacent to the examination rooms and located in the exit way of the clie...