Answer key for Unit 3 Progressive era packet 2014 PDF

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UNIT 3- Answer Key PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890-1920

http://americancivilwar.com/women/Womens_Suffrage/picket_white_house.jpg http://imagecache.allposters.com

A vote is like a rifle; its usefulness depends upon the character of the user.

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NAME______________________________________

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Miss Springborn, 8th grade Social Studies

2014-2015

PROGRESSIVE ERA VOCABULARY 1.)PROGRESSIVE: person who fought for reform during the Progressive Era 2.)MUCKRAKER: someone who “raked up muck (dirt)” on politicians, industry, and other problems of the cities to expose them to the American public. 3.)MEAT INSPECTION ACT: required government regulation of the meat packing industry 4.)PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT: 1906 – law that required food & drug manufacturers to list all ingredients on their packages 5.)HULL HOUSE: Settlement house that offered services & help to women & the poor; gave educational training, helped find jobs, provided babysitting, etc. 6.)PLESSY V. FERGUSON: 1896 - ruling of the Supreme Court that stated: segregation is legal as long as facilities are “separate but equal” 7.)DIRECT PRIMARY (PRIMARY): party members choose their party’s candidate for office ex. the Democrats vote for their presidential nominee 8.)17TH AMENDMENT: 1913 - Direct Election of Senators; the public votes for their state’s Senators, not state legislatures 9.)RECALL: allowed voters to remove an elected official from office 10.)INITIATIVE: citizens can propose a new law by getting enough people to sign a petition supporting it. 11.)REFERENDUM: gave voters the power to make a bill become a law by voting yes or no on it 12.)16TH AMENDMENT: 1913 -gave the government the right to tax people’s income; more you make, more you’re taxed 13.)SUFFRAGE: the right to vote 14.)19TH AMENDMENT: 1920 - women’s suffrage – women got the right to vote 15.)CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT: strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated antitrust laws could not be used against unions.

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As the Civil War ended, increased immigrants caused American cities to grow. As cities grew new problems arose. Reformers swung into action in areas such as city government, politics, public schools, and the workplace. African Americans, American Indians, immigrants, and women also called for reforms. Fill in NOTES on this side:

Create a picture(s) of the main ideas of each section

The Gilded Age: Many people refer to the time period at the end of the 1800’s to the early 1900’s as the Gilded Age. This nickname came from Mark Twain, a famous author, who said from a distance American society looked golden but when you looked up close it was actually “gilded” (coated with cheap gold paint).

The Progressive Movement: 

Reformers in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s were knows as Progressives

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They worked to solve problems such as crime, disease, and poverty

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Many areas were targeted for reform such as health and education, poor living conditions, unsafe working conditions, social unjust, government corruption, child labor, racial discrimination, corrupt monopolies, tenements and more!

Reformers received help from Muckrakers, journalists that helped “dig up dirt” on the problems

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The First Progressive Progressive President:

1.

Theodore Roosevelt (Teddy)- took office after William McKinley was shot and killed in 1901.  Believed in being an active president.  He pushed for the Square Deal, where everyone’s (businessmen, workers, and consumers) rights should be balanced for the public good.  Got involved in several progressive issues including cleaning up the meat-packing industry thanks to Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle. Because of this he pushes the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This regulates the manufacture, sale, and transportation of all food and drugs distributed in the United States.  Also passed was the Meat Inspection act specifically addressing Sinclair’s book.  Roosevelt also gets Congress to regulate railroad shipping costs, this helping the small farmers.  He also becomes a big supporter of the conservation movement that worked to protect our natural resources and sets up many sites as protect federal lands. This today is known as our National Parks System, for example the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Niagara Falls, Badlands in South Dakota, Florida Everglades, etc… In total 150 million acres of public land set aside and protected

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CHANGES IN BIG BUSINESS and THE GOVERNMENT

Teddy Roosevelt the Trustbuster The CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT was passed to prevent the formation of trusts and monopolies. Document 1 and 2:

http://www.blogforarizona.com/.a/ 6a00d8341bf80c53ef0133ecbb5773970b-500wi

http://wwwtc.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/images/trrr.gif

In Document #1, what is the Teddy Roosevelt character doing to the man in the picture? ROOSEVELT IS TRYING TO TIGHTED CONTROL OVER THE MANS “WAIST”, CAUSING MONEY TO EXIT THE MAN (MAKING THE TRUST GIVE UP SOME WEALTH) In Document 2, who is Teddy Roosevelt wrestling with? ROOSEVELT IS WRESTLING WITH THE RAILROAD INDUSTRY

During this time period Teddy Roosevelt was given the nickname of the “Trustbuster”. According to these cartoons, why was he given this nickname?

ROOSEVELT WAS TRYING TO STOP TRUSTS (MONOPOLIES) FROM BECOMING TOO POWERFUL TO MAKE IT FAIR FOR CONSUMERS Page | 5

Problem: The Tenement Houses and Living Conditions Fill in NOTES on this side: the main ideas of each section

Create a picture(s) of

Problem: The living conditions in the cities and tenement house were unlivable This effected the poor, the immigrants, and many children

Fixing the problems in the city: 

There were many causes of the problems in the urban (city) society

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City problems were caused by things like urbanization, growth of the middle class, bad working conditions in factories, scandals about political corruption, rise of powerful corporations (monopolies), and increase in immigration

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New jobs/profession emerge to help the cities: jobs like city planners and civil engineers

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These new planners will pass zoning laws, building-safety codes, create public parks, create proper waste disposal system (sewers), create safe water system, and created street paving and proper bridge building projects.

Education Reform: 

Many states start to pass laws requiring children to attend school

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Push towards opening of High Schools for upper education

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Courses in citizenship, health, and job training

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were developed 

Kindergartens are opened for the first time specifically to help the children of the poor and working class learn basic skills

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John Dewey, an important reforming in education, created new models for teaching children that are still used today

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Helped to create the American Medical Association (AMA) to help regulate the education of doctors and nurses and to spread the new scientific knowledge that was being learned about diseases and treatments

Some of the Muckrackers involved in this problem included: Jacob Riis- Published the book How the Other Half Lives Jane Addams- Opened Hull House and helped poor women and immigrants in the city Lincoln Steffens- Editor of McLure’s magazine and published a book about the shame of the cities pushing for reform of the city governments

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Document 3: Based on your answers from the previous unit and the pictures on the left, explain why Jacob Riis chose to expose the living conditions in tenements and ghettos in his book, How the Other Half Lives.

 Living conditions were deplorable (as seen in the pictures)  Disease was widespread  People lived in severe poverty  Sanitation was very bad  Rodents helped with the spread of disease  Water was tainted  Large families lived in one-room apartments  Multiple families shared bathrooms  The tenements were not kept in good shape by the owners  Rent was high Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1890.

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HULL HOUSE

DOCUMENT 4: Reformers of the Progressive Era - Not all reformers were muckrakers. Some people helped others, but did not expose issues to the public.

Jane Addams wanted to help people who lived in slums like these. Source: Frances Loeb Library, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University.

Directions: In the right hand column, draw ONE PICTURE and WRITE ONE MAIN IDEA (the most important idea) in each paragraph. In the 1880’s Jane Addams traveled to Europe. While she was in London, she visited a settlement house called Toynbee Hall. Settlement houses were created to provide community services to ease urban problems such as poverty. Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chicago in 1889. Many who lived there were immigrants from countries such as Italy, Russia, Poland, Germany, Ireland, and Greece. For these working poor, Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses to treat the sick. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art, music, and other subjects. Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-class women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided a training ground for careers in social work.

SETTLEMENT HOUSES WERE SET UP TO PROVIDE COMMUNITY SERVICES TO EASE URBAN PROBLEMS; HULL HOUSE PROVIDED DAY CARE, SOUP KITCHEN, NURSES FOR THE ILL, MEETING PLACE FOR UNIONS, EDUCATION

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Jane Addams, who had become a popular national figure, sought to help others outside Hull House as well. She and other Hull House residents often “lobbied” city and state governments. When they lobbied, they contacted public officials and legislators and urged them to pass certain laws and take other actions to benefit a community. For example, Addams and her friends lobbied for the construction of playgrounds, the setup of kindergartens throughout Chicago, legislation to make factory work safer, child labor laws, and enforcement of anti-drug laws.

JANE ADDAMS AND RESIDENTS OF HULL HOUSE LOBBIED POLITICAL OFFICIALS TO URGE LAWS TO BE PASSED TO BENEFIT THE COMMUNITY

Addams believed in an individual’s obligation to help his or her community, but she also thought the government could help make Americans’ lives safer and healthier. In this way, Addams and many other Americans in the 1890’s and 1900’s were part of the Progressive movement. For a while, they even had a political party. When Theodore Roosevelt ran for president for the Progressive Party in 1912, Jane Addams publicly supported him at the party convention.

JANE ADDAMS AND OTHERS LIKE HER WERE PART OF THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT; TEDDY ROOSEVELT RAN AS THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT IN 1912

Jane Addams was a strong champion of several other causes. Until 1920, American women could not vote. Addams joined in the movement for women’s suffrage (women’s right to vote). She was a vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Addams was also a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

JANE ADDAMS ALSO WORKED FOR OTHER CAUSES LIKE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE, AND FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

What issue did Jane Addams tackle and why? POVERTY, TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS IN CITIES, LIVES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN, HELPING IMMIGRANTS Was Jane Addams a muckraker? Why or why not? NO, SHE WORKED TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS, NOT EXPOSE THEM, SHE WORKED ON A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM BUT IN HER OWN WAY SHE DREW ATTENTION TO IT Page | 10

Problem: Corruption in Government: Fill in NOTES on this side: the main ideas of each section Corruption in Politics: 

Create a picture(s) of

Powerful organization called political machines influenced city and county politics

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They used both legal and illegal ways to get candidates elected to office

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They would bribe voters, election officials, get only one candidate listed on the ballot, paid for votes, and even hire the people who counted the votes to make sure it turned out the way they wanted

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Political machines where run by powerful bosses

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Bosses traded favors for votes

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Most bosses got support from new immigrants who needed more help to get by

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One of the most famous political bosses: William Marcy Tweed of New York City reportedly stole as much as $200 million from the City Treasury during his time in power

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Even the federal government was corrupt: especially the administration of Ulysses S. Grant. Many of his officials were arrested in plots to avoid paying taxes and went to jail

How do we solve Political Corruption? 

The nation passes Civil Service Reform

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Civil Service is the term used to describe government jobs… for example: police, fireman, state troopers, IRS workers, and all other government jobs are considered to be Civil Service Jobs

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This was supposed to help put the most qualified candidates in the job

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You had to take a test about your test and show certain skills

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People were then ranked (highest to lowest) based on their test scores and would get picked for job openings that way

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This was to prevent unqualified and corrupt officials from getting government jobs

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The law passed in 1883 was called the Pendleton Civil Service Act and set up a merit system controlled by the Civil Service Commission. Today it covers almost 90% of all government jobs

Due to corruption in the government, Wisconsin governor Robert Lafollette developed ideas to give _VOTERS__ more power. He believed that if __PEOPLE__ had more power, ___CORRUPTION_____ in the government would go down. The ideas he proposed were ___RECALL_, so that elected representatives could be removed from office; ___PRIMARIES__ to ensure that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party bosses; ___REFERENDUM____ allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be passed and _____INITIATIVE_____ allows voters to propose a bill to state legislatures

Some of the Solutions to these problems: Page | 12

Solving Corruption in Politics: 

Goal was to Expand Democracy: to help stop the political corruption we start to expand the right to vote and the power of the people

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We create more of a direct primary system where the people vote on who will be the candidates for political office

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The 17th Amendment is passed in 1913 and allows for the first time Americans the right to vote directly for their Senators in Congress (remember there are 2 senators from every state)

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Voters also were given the right to call for action on many political issues:

Recall: Voters can now sign a petition asking for a special vote on an elected official. This allows them to remove elected officials if they are not happy with them Ex: The governor of Wisconsin recently had a recall vote on his term because many were unhappy with some of his more recent decisions, he won his recall vote and is still in power today

Initiative: this allows voters to propose a new law by getting signatures on a petition Ex: Many states recently voted on issues in the last election under initiative vote, such as the legalization of medical marijuana and in California many citizens wanted change what information was on food labels to include anything genetically altered

Referendum: allows voters to sign a petition to vote on a law already in place

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Ex: Puerto Rico ( a US Territory) recently voted in a referendum to change their relationship with the United States and instead of remaining just a territory to try and work towards becoming our 51st state

Reforming City and State Governments: 

Create a new system of government that runs more like a business model

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Had a city council that was elected by the people and they choose a manager to help run the city

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Robert LaFollette developed the Wisconsin Idea and pushes for changes such as tax reform, direct primaries, and more power to the people to elect their officials

Document 5: In July 1871, The New York Times ran a series of news stories exposing massive corruption by members of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine in New York City run by William "Boss" Tweed. The Times had obtained evidence that the Tweed Ring had stolen the public's Page | 14

money in the form of inflated payments to government contractors, kickbacks to government officials, extortion, and other illegal activities. The estimated sum stolen was set at $6 million, but is today thought to have been between $30 and $200 million. Thomas Nast (1840-1902) was one of the most talented cartoonists of the Nineteenth Century. Starting in 1869, he began a series of cartoons in Harper's Weekly magazine attacking the Tammany Hall political machine. Harper’s Weekly and other newspapers soon joined the New York Times in exposing the scandals. Nast had been assailing the Tweed Ring for years through his creative and powerful images, but intensified his assault in the summer and fall of 1871. Boss Tweed reportedly exclaimed, “I don't care a straw for your newspaper articles; my constituents don’t know how to read, but they can’t help seeing them damned pictures!" In fact, the Tweed Ring tried to bribe Nast into taking a European vacation, which the artist refused. "Tommy, if you will take a trip to Europe for a year, you can have your expenses paid, and a new house will be built ready for your return, without your paying a cent for it."

Source: The New York Times August 19, 1871

Answer the questions based on the reading and the political cartoon. 1) What is the source of the cartoon? THE NEW YORK TIMES Page | 15

2) What is the caption of the cartoon? WHO STOLE THE PEOPLE’S MONEY? DO TELL. ‘TWAS HIM 3) What are the people doing? POINTING AT EACH OTHER, BLAMING EACH OTHER FOR STEALING THE MONEY 4) What is the “Tammany Ring” referring to? TAMMANY HALL POLITICAL MACHINE OF NEW YORK CITY

5) What is the message of the cartoon? TAMMANY HALL AND BOSS TWEED STOLE MONEY FROM THE PUBLIC AND NONE OF THEM WILL TAKE THE BLAME

6) Why did Thomas Nast choose to expose Boss Tweed to the American public? HE WAS SICK AND TIRED OF THE ILLEGAL DEALINGS THAT WERE GOING ON IN NYC. HE ALSO WANTED TO HELP SAVE THE CITY FROM CORRUPTION.

7) Why was Thomas Nast more successful in exposing Boss Tweed with his cartoons than an author who wrote a book? NOT EVERYONE COULD READ (THEY DIDN’T GO TO SCHOOL), BUT THEY COULD LOOK AT A CARTOON AND FIGURE OUT WHAT IT WAS SAYING.

Problem: Working Condition in the workplace and Child Labor Fill in NOTES on this side: the main ideas of each section

Create a picture(s) of