A&p chapter 6 - online homework MK Lockwood PDF

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chapter 6 Due: 11:55pm on Monday, October 19, 2015 To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment.

Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 1

Part A Which of these is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system? ANSWER: protection storage of minerals and lipids movement blood cell production

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Chapter Test - Chapter 6 Question 1

Part A Which of the following functions of the skeletal system is most affected by gravity? ANSWER: blood cell production protection of internal organs lipid storage body support

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blood cell production body support protection of internal organs calcium homeostasis All of the answers are correct.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 2

Part A Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system? ANSWER: cartilage ligaments other tissues that connect bones tendons bones

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Art-labeling Activity: Bone Markings, Part 1 Learning Goal: To learn the bone markings. Label the bone markings.

Part A

Art-labeling Activity: Bone Markings, Part 2 Learning Goal: To learn the bone markings. Label the bone markings.

Part A Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the bone markings. ANSWER:

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Art-labeling Activity: Classification of Bones by Shape Classify bones by shape.

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Art-labeling Activity: Structure of a Long Bone Identify the structures of a long bone.

Part A Drag the labels to identify the structures of a long bone. ANSWER:

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Part A Name the bone structure indicated by the arrow.

ANSWER: epiphysis compact bone metaphysis medullary cavity

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 3

Part A Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape? ANSWER: ulna

Chapter 6 MC1 Question 5 Part A The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones. ANSWER: long sesamoid flat short irregular

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 10

Part A The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone. ANSWER: flat long irregular short sesamoid

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 14

endophysis. metaphysis. epiphysis. paraphysis. diaphysis.

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Chapter 6 MC2 Question 2

Part A A ________ is a smooth, grooved bone process shaped like a pulley. ANSWER: trochanter trochlea tuberosity tubercle trabeculae

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Chapter 6 MC2 Question 3

Part A A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a ANSWER: t b

it

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Chapter 6 Art-based Question 3

Part A This cell functions to __________.

osteomedullary cells osteogenic cells osteoclasts osteocytes

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 17

Part A Bone is composed of ________ percent cells. ANSWER: 50 25 10 15 2

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 16

Part A Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte? ANSWER: immature bone cell t

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 26 Part A The most abundant cell type in bone is ANSWER: osteoprogenitor cells. osteoclasts. osteoblasts. osteolytes. osteocytes.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 27

Part A The lacunae of osseous tissue contain ANSWER: osteocytes. blood cells. chondroblasts. capillaries. bone marrow.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 28

osteocreator osteoprogenitor osteopropagator osteoforming osteotrophic

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Chapter 6 MC2 Question 11

Part A ________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints. ANSWER: Elastic cartilage Articular cartilage A serous membrane A synovial membrane Serous fluid

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Chapter 6 MC2 Question 12

Part A Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the ANSWER: t

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Art-labeling Activity: Structure of Compact Bone Learning Goal: To learn the structures found in compact bone. Label the structures found in compact bone.

Part A Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures found in compact bone. ANSWER:

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 30

Part A The central canal of an osteon contains ANSWER: blood vessels. lacunae. concentric lamellae. b

Part A The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________ b ANSWER: lamellar osteon spongy irregular compact

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 33

Part A The structural units of mature compact bone are called ANSWER: trabeculae. lamellae. osteocytes. osteons. canaliculi.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 34

Part A

The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts. The matrix of bone is mostly collagen with very little calcium. For strength, compact bone is organized into a meshwork of matrix called trabeculae. The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts and chondroblasts. Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for muscle attachment.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 38

Part A ________ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone. ANSWER: Gray Blue Red White Yellow

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 39

Part A The lining of the medullary cavity is called the ANSWER: i

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 41 Part A The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are ANSWER: trabeculae. osteoid plates. epiphseal ridges. concentric lamellae. circumferential lamellae.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 42

Part A Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix? ANSWER: Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix. Calcium is the organic part of the matrix. Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite. Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix. Once deposited, calcium cannot be removed from bone.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 43

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Chapter 6 Art-based Question 4

Part A Migration of blood vessels into the central region of the cartilage bone model, starting bone developm

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Chapter 6 Clinical Note Questions 1 and 2: Heterotopic Bone Formation Heterotopic Bone Formation Bones sometimes form where they do not belong. In response to abnormal stresses, bone may form anyw skeletal muscles. Dermal bones forming in abnormal locations are called heterotopic bones (hetero-, diffe testes or the whites of the eyes. Physical or chemical events can stimulate the abnormal development of developing within tendons or near points of friction and pressure. Bone can also form within a large blood Persons with the rare genetic disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) form bone around ske bone formation. Bone gradually replaces the muscles of the back, neck, and upper limbs. The extent of th male with FOP. Photo b shows the skeleton of an adult male with advanced FOP. Several of the vertebra and hips have undergone extensive ossification. Treatment can be problematic, because any surgical exc

Part A Heterotopic bone formation is a term used to describe bones that develop in unusual places. Such u __________. ANSWER: osteoprogenitor cells osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes

Correct

Part B Wearing inappropriately tight shoes can put undue pressure on feet. Such pressure may then lead to following bone shapes correctly describes the round nature of these bones? ANSWER: short irregular sesamoid

Part A The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as ANSWER: remodeling. osteogenesis. hardening. ossification. calcification.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 51

Part A Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification? ANSWER: clavicle roof of the skull carpal bones femur the roof of the skull and the clavicle

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 52

Part A

in dermal bones. in the metaphyses. at the periosteum. in the epiphyses. in the diaphysis.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 55

Part A Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells. ANSWER: osteocyte osteoclast mesenchymal osteolytic osteoblast

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 56

Part A Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false? ANSWER: It

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 58 Part A Intramembranous ossification ANSWER: explains how a juvenile's bone can grow in length. produces flat bones, as in the bones of the roof of the skull. occurs in all bones before birth. occurs in the diaphysis of a long bone. occurs inside a bag of cartilage.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 59

Part A Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the ANSWER: periosteum. metaphysis. diaphysis. proximal epiphysis. distal epiphysis.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 62

puberty begins. appositional bone growth begins. interstitial bone growth begins. long bones have reached their adult length. the bone becomes more brittle.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 66

Part A When production of sex hormones increases at puberty, epiphyseal plates ANSWER: increase slowly. accelerate rapidly, but mostly in thickness. widen. are hardly affected. become narrower.

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Chapter 6 MC2 Question 19

Part A A calcified skeletal muscle is an example of ANSWER: b

Chapter 6 MC1 Question 73 Part A In normal adult bones, ANSWER: exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling. a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year. there is no turnover of minerals. osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed. osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases.

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Chapter 6 MC2 Question 21

Part A The ongoing process of tearing down and rebuilding bone matrix is called ANSWER: resorption. remodeling. osteolysis. restoration. ossification.

Correct

IP: Bone

thyroid hormones calcitriol parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin

Correct Yes, calcitonin is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in children and pregnant wo

Part B PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?

Hint 1. What is another name for the hormonally active form of vitamin D?

ANSWER: thyroid hormones vitamin D calcitonin calcitriol

Correct Yes, parathyroid hormone promotes the formation of calcitriol.

Part C Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calci

Hint 1. PTH would increase plasma calcium levels.

Correct Yes, parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates Vitamin D into calcitriol in the kidney. Calcitriol then incr

Chapter 6 Clinical Note Questions 1 and 2: Abnormal Bone Development Abnormal Bone Development A variety of endocrine or metabolic problems can result in characteristic skeletal changes. In pituitary dwa cartilage activity and abnormally short bones. This condition is becoming increasingly rare in the United S Gigantism (also known as giantism) results from an overproduction of growth hormone before puberty. (T Wadlow, of Alton, Illinois, who died at age 22 in 1940. Wadlow weighed 216 kg, or 475 lb.) If growth horm does not grow longer. Instead, bones get thicker, especially in the face, jaw, and hands. Cartilage growth such as the contours of the face. These physical changes take place in the disorder called acromegaly. Several inherited metabolic conditions that affect many systems influence the growth and development of body proportions. For example, many individuals with Marfan’s syndrome are very tall and have long, sl cartilages. These body proportions are not in themselves dangerous. However, the underlying mutation a causes life-threatening cardiovascular problems.

Part A How is giantism similar to acromegaly? ANSWER: Both disorders result from abnormal cartilage and soft tissue growth. Both disorders result in continued growth of cartilage within the diaphysis. Both disorders result from a decrease in growth hormone availability. Both disorders stem from aberrations in the mesenchymal membranes of the embryonic skelet

Correct

Part B Marfan’s syndrome is a disorder associated with excessive growth in length of limbs and digits, givin for bone growth in length? ANSWER: interstitial growth

Part A A lack of exercise could ANSWER: cause bones to become thicker. result in porous and weak bones. cause bones to become longer. cause bones to lose their medullary cavity. cause bones to store more calcium.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 75

Part A When stress is applied to a bone, ANSWER: blood supply through the nutrient artery diminishes and thus remodeling proceeds at a much s osteoclast activity increases and osteoblast activity decreases. the bone compensates by becoming thinner in the region of stress. the bone becomes thin and brittle and ultimately fractures. the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 76

Part A

Parathyroid Pancreatic Thyroid Sex Growth

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Chapter 6 Art-based Question 7

Part A Which hormone increases blood calcium upon secretion?

ANSWER: inhibited osteoclast activity increased rate of calcium uptake by the kidney decreased absorption of calcium elimination of calcium ions into the urine

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 79

calcitonin. testosterone. thyroid hormone. growth hormone. parathyroid hormone.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 81

Part A The hormone calcitonin functions to ANSWER: decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. decrease the rate of calcium absorption. stimulate osteoclast activity. decrease the rate of calcium excretion. stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 82

Part A Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways except ANSWER: ti

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Chapter 6 Book-specific Clinical Case Activity Alex’s mom has been waiting in the emergency room for over two hours since her son was wheeled off to The coach said she had not witnessed the injury, but it seemed that Alex had twisted and fallen without ev left lower leg. A handsome young man, not wearing a white coat, approaches her. “Mrs. Otero, I am the hospital social w fracture of his tibia and fibula—the bones in his lower leg—but he also has two healed rib fractures and a child abuse, so he is being admitted until we can investigate further.” Mrs. Otero is dumbfounded by the suggestion of child abuse. She knows that no one at home has hurt him bars a few weeks ago, but she had not suspected his upper arm was broken. She considered Alex to be a although she had not had any more fractures since she was married. They both had soft, discolored teeth

Part A Alex and his mother both suffer from osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which means the imperfect forma matrix? ANSWER: Osteoclasts are the bone cells that produce new bone matrix. Osteocytes are the bone cells that produce new bone matrix. Osteoblasts are the bone cells that produce new bone matrix. Osteogenic cells are the bone cells that produce new bone matrix.

Correct Osteoblasts make and release proteins and the other organic components of the bone matrix.

Part B Bone is a type of connective tissue, with specialized cells embedded in a matrix. What does the matr ANSWER: Approximately one-half of the weight of bone is composed primarily of brittle crystals of potass bony matrix are calcium and reticular fibers, which provide hardness and elastic strength to bo Approximately two-thirds of the weight of bone is composed primarily of sodium salts that form collagen fibers, which provide tensile strength to bone. Approximately one-third of the weight of bone is composed primarily of magnesium salts that fo are calcium and elastic fibers, which provide hardness and tensile strength to bone. Approximately two-thirds of the weight of bone is composed primarily of calcium salts that form

ANSWER: hematoma formation, callus formation, spongy bone formation, and compact bone formation mesenchymal clustering, osteoblast differentiation, ossification, penetration of blood vessels, fo hyaline model, penetration by blood vessels, formation of primary ossification center, formation callus formation, formation of primary ossification center, mesenchymal clustering, transformat

Correct Initially, there will be swelling of the bone at the original site of the fracture; however, osteoclasts a remains.

Art-labeling Activity: Types of Fractures Identify types of fractures.

Part A Drag the labels to identify types of fractures. ANSWER:

ANSWER: hematoma spongy bone internal callus external callus

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 88

Part A After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the ANSWER:

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 90

Part A While on a school skiing trip in Colorado, Heidi falls and breaks her tibia and fibula in a Pott's fracture several hours after the fall? ANSWER: hypertension hematoma tachycardia erythema cyanosis

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Chapter 6 MC2 Question 29

Part A A ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone. ANSWER: comminuted greenstick compression transverse spiral

compact bone typical of osteoporosis young healthy bone healthy spongy bone

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Chapter 6 Reading Quiz Question 10

Part A Some older women lose height as they age. What would explain this change in stature? ANSWER: Osteoporosis causes the fibrocartilage discs to herniate. Osteoporosis causes compression of the vertebrae. Osteoblasts break down the bone matrix. Osteopenia causes the femur diaphysis to break down.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 92

Part A Osteoclast-activating factor does all of the following except that it ANSWER: is released by some cancer tumors. increases the number of osteoclasts. i

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Part A The condition known as osteopenia ANSWER: causes a gradual reduction in bone mass. affects mostly women. is rarely seen as people age. is caused by too much vitamin D in the diet. only affects the femur.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 98

Part A If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, which of the following would you expec ANSWER: increased osteoclast activity bone fragility decreased bone density increases in blood levels of calcium All of the answers are correct.

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Chapter 6 MC1 Question 100

Part A

Choose the best answer.

Hint 1. What Causes Ossification? Ossi...