A&P of Reproductive System Quick Sheet PDF

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Chapter 3: A & P of the Reproductive System Quick Sheet The Female Reproductive System  Know the location, characteristics, and function of the external reproductive organs.  External genitalia are collectively named ______ ____________.  External genitalia general function: ____________________________________________.  Structures that make up the external female reproductive organs:  Mons Pubis  Labia majora  Labia minora  ___________  ___________  ___________  Perineum  Know the location, characteristics, and function of the internal reproductive organs.  The internal reproductive structures:  Vagina  Uterus  __________, __________, __________  Cervix shape: The cervical OS in a __________________ is oval opening. Once a woman has given birth the cervical OS changes shape to a _________________________ _______________.  Layers: ______________, __________________, _________________  Function: Site of ___________________ and ________________ __________________.  Which layer is shed during menstruation? _________________________________  Fallopian Tubes  Fertilization occurs in the distal portion of the tube termed the _________________.  Ovaries  Site of ________________ production  The Breasts  Paired mammary glands: accessory organs of the female reproductive system  Function: _______________________________________  Composed of _______________________ tissue  Changes to the breast during pregnancy:  _____________________________  _____________________________  _______________________ is the hormone that stimulates milk production.

The Female Reproductive (Menstrual) Cycle  The Reproductive Cycle is a broad, general term for the Ovarian Cycle, ______________________________, the hormonal changes that regulate the two cycles, and the cyclical changes of the breast.  The cycle is controlled by the _______________________, _______________, __________________________ and the hormones affected/produced by these structures. The Ovarian Cycle  The ovarian cycle produces an ________________.  Women produce eggs throughout their lifetime. TRUE or FALSE?  ___________ follicle reaches maturation even though many are “raised” throughout the cycle.

 Three phases of the Ovarian Cycle  Follicular Phase  Day 1- ______ of the cycle.  An __________________ is produced for fertilization.  Ovulation Phase  ALWAYS 14 days before menstruation. (CONSTANT, ALWAYS) (Day 14-28 of the Cycle)  An ___________________ is released from the ruptured follicle due to a surge in _____________________.  Luteal Phase  Begins at ovulation and last until the menstrual phase of the next cycle.  HOW MANY DAYS IS THE Luteal Phase? Is it constant?  After rupture the follicle closes and forms a __________________ _________________.  _______and __________ are at their lowest during this phase. The Endometrial Cycle  Proliferative Phase  Corresponds to the _____________________ phase of the ovarian cycle.  Depends on ______________________ stimulation from the ovarian follicles.  Begins on day 5 and last until ____________________________.  Secretory Phase  Begins at ovulation and last until about 3 days before the next menstrual cycle.  Coincides with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.  ______________________ is the hormone that controls this phase.  Ischemic Phase  Begins if fertilization does NOT occur.  Menstrual Phase  Sloughing off the endometrial lining begins.  Menstruation marks the beginning and the end of the monthly cycle Menstruation  ________________, the start of menstruation in females, is on average 12.8 years, but can range from 8-18.  Typically occurs _________ years after ______________________ ___________________________.  Menopause is ___________ year without a menstrual period. The average age of onset is 50-51 years old.

Menstrual Cycle Hormones  Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone  Secreted from the ______________________. Cause the release of _______________________ and __________________.  Follicle-Stimulating Hormone  Secreted by the _______________________ _________________________. Responsible for the maturation of the ovarian follicle.  Luteinizing Hormone  Secreted by the ________________________ _______________________. Necessary for the maturation of the ______________________ ______________________ and the luteinization of the ruptured follicle.  Estrogen  Secreted by the ovaries.

 Starts the thickening of the __________________. Critical in development and maturation of the ovarian follicle.  Progesterone  Secreted by the ________________________ _______________________.  Hormone of _______________________________ because it clams the uterus and allows pregnancy to be maintained.  Prostaglandins  Causes the body’s inflammatory processes, pain response.  NOT A HORMONE  Cramps/ Menstrual pain are said to be caused by prostaglandins.  What medication would one recommend for menstrual cramps? Think inflammation and pain.

The Male Reproductive System  Be able to locate, know the characteristics and function of the external male reproductive organs.  Penis  Scrotum  _______________ control. Needs to be slightly cooler than body temp for sperm production.  ___________________ ___________________ allow the scrotum to be pulled closer to the body for warmth or hang farther to cool.  Be able to locate, know the characteristics, and function of the internal male reproductive organs.  Testes  Lie inside the scrotum.  Sperm is produced in the _____________________________ _________________________ of the testes.  The sperm mature and are stored in the ___________________________________.  How many days can sperm live inside the female reproductive tract?  Ductal System  Vas Deferens  Accessory Glands  Seminal Vesicles  Prostate Gland  Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s Glands)...