Api 537 y demas normatividades en alvulas PDF

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Api 537 y demas normatividades en alvulas para la ghuia y lectura diaria de aprender con standares internacionales....

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This document is under review as revision to an API Standard; it is under consideration within an API technical committee but has not received all approvals required for publication. This document shall not be reproduced or circulated or quoted, in whole or in part, outside of API committee activities except with the approval of the Chairman of the committee having jurisdiction and staff of the API Standards Dept. Copyright API. All rights reserved.

Flare Details for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries API STANDARD 537 THIRD EDITION, MARCH 2017

20180126 RW: Updated file to reflect Third Edition publication

USE THIS FILE FOR 3rd EDITION, 1st ADDENDUM DEVELOPMENT Draft Development Record:

20180213 RW: Added Annex G with sections migrated from API 521 Sixth Edition. Bibliographic references in Annex G have not been updated. 20180126 RW: Updated file to reflect Third Edition publication

API Staff NOTE: Draft for Spring 2018 Technical Ballot to assist the RP 537 Task Group in further developing the draft. This ballot is not for approval for publication.

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This document is under review as revision to an API Standard; it is under consideration within an API technical committee but has not received all approvals required for publication. This document shall not be reproduced or circulated or quoted, in whole or in part, outside of API committee activities except with the approval of the Chairman of the committee having jurisdiction and staff of the API Standards Dept. Copyright API. All rights reserved.

Foreword Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patents. Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification. Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised, but not required in order to conform to the specification. May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard. Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director. Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, [email protected].

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This document is under review as revision to an API Standard; it is under consideration within an API technical committee but has not received all approvals required for publication. This document shall not be reproduced or circulated or quoted, in whole or in part, outside of API committee activities except with the approval of the Chairman of the committee having jurisdiction and staff of the API Standards Dept. Copyright API. All rights reserved.

Contents 1

Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

2

Normative References ........................................................................................................................... 1

3

Terms and Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 2

4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11

Design ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 General ................................................................................................................................................... 8 System Design ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Process Definition ................................................................................................................................. 9 Types of Flares .................................................................................................................................... 10 Flare-burners........................................................................................................................................ 10 Mechanical Design .............................................................................................................................. 11 Pilots ..................................................................................................................................................... 12 Pilot-ignition Systems .........................................................................................................................13 Pilot-flame Detection ...........................................................................................................................13 Piping .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Auxiliary Components ........................................................................................................................14

5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10

Mechanical Details — Elevated Flares .............................................................................................. 15 Mechanical Design — Design Loads ................................................................................................. 15 Design Details ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Flanges ................................................................................................................................................. 20 Materials of Construction ................................................................................................................... 21 Welding ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Inspection ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Surface Preparation and Protection .................................................................................................. 23 Attachments ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Aircraft Warning Lighting ................................................................................................................... 23 Platforms and Ladders ........................................................................................................................ 23

6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

Mechanical Details — Enclosed-flame Flares .................................................................................. 24 Combustion Chamber ......................................................................................................................... 24 Burners .................................................................................................................................................24 Burner Piping ....................................................................................................................................... 25 Pilots ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Wind Fence........................................................................................................................................... 26 Radiation Shielding ............................................................................................................................. 26

Annex A (informative) Flare Equipment Overview ....................................................................................... 27 A.1 Types of Flares and Components ...................................................................................................... 27 A.1.1 General .................................................................................................................................................27 A.1.2 Elevated ................................................................................................................................................ 28 A.1.3 Horizontal .............................................................................................................................................34 A.1.4 Enclosed-flame Flares ........................................................................................................................35 A.1.5 Single- and Multi-burner ..................................................................................................................... 36 A.1.6 Smokeless and Non-smokeless Flares ............................................................................................. 37 A.1.7 Endothermic (Fuel-gas-assisted) Flares ........................................................................................... 40 A.1.8 Major Components .............................................................................................................................. 40 A.1.9 Ladders and Platforms ........................................................................................................................ 41 A.2 Flare-burner ..........................................................................................................................................42 A.2.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................42 A.2.2 Unassisted Pipe Flare ......................................................................................................................... 42 A.2.3 Steam-assisted Pipe Flare ..................................................................................................................43 A.2.4 Pipe Flares with Internal Steam/Air Eductor Tubes ......................................................................... 44 A.2.5 Air-assisted Smokeless Flares...........................................................................................................45 A.2.6 High-pressure Smokeless Flares ....................................................................................................... 46 A.2.7 Mechanical Details of Flare-burners ..................................................................................................48 A.2.8 Operations ............................................................................................................................................ 50 A.3 Pilots ..................................................................................................................................................... 51 A.3.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................51 iii

This document is under review as revision to an API Standard; it is under consideration within an API technical committee but has not received all approvals required for publication. This document shall not be reproduced or circulated or quoted, in whole or in part, outside of API committee activities except with the approval of the Chairman of the committee having jurisdiction and staff of the API Standards Dept. Copyright API. All rights reserved.

A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.3.6 A.4 A.4.1 A.4.2 A.4.3 A.4.4 A.4.5 A.6 A.5 A.5.1 A.5.2 A.5.3 A.5.4 A.5.5 A.5.6 A.5.7 A.5.8 A.6 A.6.1 A.6.2 A.6.3 A.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 A.7.4 A.7.5 A.8 A.8.1 A.8.2 A.9 A.9.1 A.9.2 A.9.3 A.9.4 A.9.5 A.9.6 A.10 A.10.1 A.10.2 A.10.3 A.10.4 A.10.5 A.10.6 A.11 A.11.1 A.11.2 A.11.3 A.11.4 A.11.5 A.11.6 A.12 A.12.1 A.12.2 A.12.3 A.12.4 A.12.5

General Description ............................................................................................................................ 51 Mechanical Details .............................................................................................................................. 52 Operation ............................................................................................................................................. 56 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 56 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 56 Ignition Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 57 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 57 General Description ............................................................................................................................ 57 Mechanical Details .............................................................................................................................. 58 Operation ............................................................................................................................................. 62 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 64 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 64 Flame-detection Equipment ............................................................................................................... 67 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 67 General Description ............................................................................................................................ 67 Mechanical Details .............................................................................................................................. 68 Optical Systems .................................................................................................................................. 68 Acoustic Systems ............................................................................................................................... 68 Operation ............................................................................................................................................. 68 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 69 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 69 Verification Test .................................................................................................................................. 71 General ................................................................................................................................................. 71 Setup .................................................................................................................................................... 71 Testing ................................................................................................................................................. 71 Purge-gas Conservation Seals .......................................................................................................... 71 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 71 General Description ............................................................................................................................ 72 Mechanical Details .............................................................................................................................. 72 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 72 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 72 Knockout Drums and Liquid Seals ................................................................................................... 74 Knockout Drum ................................................................................................................................... 74 Liquid Seals ......................................................................................................................................... 74 Blowers and Drivers ........................................................................................................................... 75 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 75 General Description ............................................................................................................................ 75 Mechanical Details .............................................................................................................................. 75 Operations ........................................................................................................................................... 77 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 77 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 78 Blower Staging and Control Equipment ........................................................................................... 79 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 79 General Description ............................................................................................................................ 79 Mechanical Details .............................................................................................................................. 79 Operations ........................................................................................................................................... 8...