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APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B-1

APPENDIK B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

Data Kapasitas Panas : -

Cppati

= 0,3011 kkal/kg oC

-

Cpdekstrin

= 0,2911 kkal/kg oC

-

Cpenzim α-amilase

= 0,366 kkal/kg oC

-

Cpenzim glukoamilase

= 0,308 kkal/kg oC

1. Mixer (M-110) 2

H2O (30oC) 1

3

Mixer

Feed (30oC) Pati Protein Lemak Kalsium Fosfor Zat Besi Vitamin Air di pisang

Ke Reaktor 1(30oC) Pati Air

Asumsi : Protein, lemak, kalsium, fosfor, zat besi, dan vitamin didalam feed dianggap pati dalam perhitungan neraca panas.  ENTALPI MASUK (pada aliran 1) Massa pati masuk = massa pati keluar Massa pati terdiri dari : -

Massa Pati

= 3067,60507 kg/jam

-

Massa protein

= 127,816878 kg/jam

-

Massa lemak

= 18,259554 kg/jam

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B-2

-

Massa kalsium

= 0,63908 kg/jam

-

Massa fosfor

= 2,73893 kg/jam

-

Massa zat besi

= 0,09130 kg/jam

-

Massa vitamin

= 0,18260 kg/jam

TOTAL

= 3217,333415 kg/jam

 ∆HPati

+

= Massa pati masuk x Cppati x ∆T = massa pati masuk x Cppati x Tin-Tref = 3217,333415 kg/jam x 0,3011 kkal/kg oC x (30-25)oC



= 4843,695456 kkal/jam Entalpi Air : (perry edisi 7 tabel 2-196 hal,2-174)

∫

=∫ 303,15

]

=[

298,15

=[

= 376738,0481 j/kmol

]

= = 5,00236414 kkal/kg

 ∆Hair

= massa air di feed x ∫

= 3067,60507 kg/jam x 5,00236414 kkal/kg

= 29576,19577 kkal/jam (Pada aliran 2)

 ∆Hair pengencer

= massa air pengencer x ∫

= 6357,976703 kg/jam x 5,00236414 kkal/kg  ENTALPI KELUAR

= 31804,91466 kkal/jam

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS  ∆HPati

B-3

= Massa pati keluar x Cppati x ∆T = massa pati keluar x Cppati x Tout-Tref = 3217,333415 kg/jam x 0,3011 kkal/kg oC x (30-25)oC

 ∆Hair

= 4843,695456 kkal/jam = massa air keluar x ∫

= 12270,42029 kg/jam x 5,00236414 kkal/kg = 61381,11043 kkal/jam

Neraca panas KOMPONEN Pati

PANAS MASUK (kkal/jam) Aliran 1

PANAS KELUAR (kkal/jam)

Aliran 2

Aliran 3

4843,695456

Air

4843,695456

29576,19577

31804.91466

61381,11043

34419,89123 31804.91466 66224,80589

TOTAL

66224,80589

2. Reaktor 1 (R-120) 5 4

3

6

T=30oC NaOH Enzym CaCl2 T=30oC α-amilase T=30oC

Saturated steam(120OC) 7

Reaktor 1 Dari Mixer T=30oC Pati Air Kondensat, T=100oC

 ENTALPI MASUK (Pada aliran 3)  ∆HPati

= 4843,695456 kkal/jam

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

Ke Cooler T=95oC Pati Air CaCl2 NaOH Enzim α-amilase Dekstrin

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS  ∆HAir

B-4

= 61381,11043 kkal/jam

(Pada Aliran 4) 

Entalpi NaOH : (Van ness edisi 7,app.C table C.2)

∫

=∫

]

=[

= [ = 35,9067 j/mol

]

=  ∆HNaOH

= 0,214547961 kkal/kg = massa NaOH x ∫

= 2,28887X10-6 kg/jam x 0,214547961 kkal/kg = 4,91073x10-7 kkal/jam (Pada aliran 5) ∆HEnzym α-amilase= Massa enzym α-amilase masuk xCpenzym α-amilase x ∆T = massa enzym α-amilase masuk x Cpenzym

α-amilase

Tin-Tref = 7,3038216kg/jam x 0,336kkal/kg oC x (30-25)oC = 12,2704 kkal/jam (Pada aliran 6) 

∫

Entalpi CaCl2 : (perry ed.7,table 2-194,hal 2-162) =∫

=[ =[

303,15

]

298,15

= 90,302545 Kal/mol

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

303,15

]

298,15

x

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B-5

=  ∆HCaCl2

= 0,813536441 kkal/kg = massa CaCl2 x ∫

= 20,28839333 kg/jam x 0,813536441 kkal/kg = 16,5053 kkal/jam  ENTALPI KELUAR (Pada aliran 7) Massa pati keluar terdiri dari : -

Massa Pati

= 61,3521 kg/jam

-

Massa protein

= 127,8169 kg/jam

-

Massa lemak

= 18,2596 kg/jam

-

Massa kalsium

= 0,6391 kg/jam

-

Massa fosfor

= 2,73893 kg/jam

-

Massa zat besi

= 0,09130 kg/jam

-

Massa vitamin

= 0,18260 kg/jam

TOTAL

= 211,0804 kg/jam

 ∆HPati

+

= Massa pati keluar x Cppati x ∆T =Massa pati keluar x Cppati x Tout-Tref = 211,0804 kg/jam x 0,3011 kkal/kg oC x (95-25)oC

 ∫

= 4448,942523 kkal/jam Entalpi Air : (perry edisi 7 tabel 2-196 hal,2-174) =∫ 368,15

]

=[

298,15

=[ ] Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B-6

= 5279336,835 j/kmol = = 70,09954369 kkal/kg

 ∆Hair

= massa Air keluar x ∫

= 12103,40623 kg/jam x 70,09954369 kkal/kg



= 848443,2542 kkal/jam Entalpi CaCl2 : (perry ed.7,table 2-194,hal 2-162) ∫

=∫

=[ =[

368,15

]

298,15

]

= 1273,01713 kal/mol =  ∆HCaCl2

= 11,46862279 kkal/kg = massa CaCl2 keluar x ∫

= 20,28839333 kg/jam x 11,46862279 kkal/kg 

= 232,6799302 kkal/jam Entalpi NaOH : (Van ness edisi 7,app.C table C.2)

∫

=∫

368,15

]

=[

= [

= 513,1742 j/mol =  ∆HNaOH

= 3,066289506 kkal/kg = massa NaOH x ∫

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

298,15

]

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B-7

= 2,28887x10-6 kg/jam x 3,066289506 kkal/kg = 7,01834 x 10-6 kkal/jam

 ∆HEnzym α-amilase= Massa enzym α-amilase xCpenzym α-amilase x ∆T = massa enzym α-amilase x Cpenzym α-amilase x Tout-Tref = 7,3038216kg/jam x 0,336kkal/kg oC x (95-25)oC = 171,785884kkal/jam

 ∆HDekstrin = Massa Dekstrin xCpdekstrin x ∆T = massa Dekstrin x CpDekstrin x Tout-Tref = 3173,267024 kg/jam x 0,2911 kkal/kg oC x (95-25)oC = 64661,66216 kkal/jam

 Total panas di aliran 7

= ∆HPati + ∆Hair + ∆HCaCl2 + ∆HNaOH +∆HEnzym α-

amilase

+ ∆HDekstrin

= (4448,942523 + 848443,2542 + 232,6799302 + (7,01834x10-6) + 171,785884 + 64661,66216) kkal/jam = 917958,325 kkal/jam ∆Hf Dekstrin = 9096,582 kkal/mol = = 84403,182 kkal/jam ∆Hf Pati

= -46,628 kkal/mol = = -865,2814 kkal/jam

∆Hf Air

= -0,0683 kkal/mol = = -0,6337 kkal/jam

∆Hreaksi

= ∆Hf Dekstrin- ∆Hf Pati- ∆Hf Air = (84403,182-(-865,2814)-( -0,6337)kkal/jam = 85269.097 kkal/jam

∆Hreaksi (+) menunjukkan reaksi endotermis Menghitung panas yang hilang (Qloss) Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B-8

Asumsi : panas yang hilang hanya 5% Qloss = 5% x total panas di aliran 7 = 0,05 x 917958,325 kkal/jam = 45897,916 kkal/jam Menghitung panas yang dibawa steam Panas masuk + Q1 = panas keluar + Qloss + ΔHreaksi Q1 = panas keluar + Qloss + ΔHreaksi – panas masuk = 917958,325 + 45897,916 + 85269.097 – (4843,695456 + 61381,11043 + 4,91073x10-7 + 12,2704 + 16,5053) = 982871,756 kkal/jam Menghitung massa steam yang masuk (M) Dari app. Geankoplis a.2-9 Sat.steam pada 1 atm, 120oC (Hv) = 2706,3 kJ/kg = 646,8212 kkal/kg Sat.steam pada 1 atm, 120oC (HƖ) = 503,71 kJ/kg = 120,3896 kkal/kg Lamda (λ) = Hv – HƖ = 646,8212 – 120,3896 = 526,4316 kkal/kg Q=mxλ M= =

⁄

⁄

= 1867,0454 kg/jam

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B-9

NERACA PANAS PANAS KELUAR

PANAS MASUK (kkal/jam)

KOMPONEN

(kkal/jam)

Aliran 3 4843.6955 61381.1104

Pati Air NaOH Enzim α-Amilase CaCl₂ Dekstrin ΔHreaksi Qloss Q1 TOTAL

Aliran 4

Aliran 5 Aliran 6

Aliran 7 4448.9425 848443.2542 7.01834x10-6 171.7859 232.6799 64661.6622 85269.0970 45897.9162

4.911x10-7 12.2704 16.5053

982871.756 1049125.3379

1049125.3379

3. COOLER (E-125) Air Pendingin T = 30oC 7

8 COOLER

Dari Reaktor 1 T = 95oC Pati Air CaCl2 NaOH Enzim α-Amilase Dekstrin

air pendingin T = 45oC

ENTALPI MASUK (Pada aliran 7)

 ∆HPati = 4448,942523 kkal/jam  ∆Hair = 848443,2542 kkal/jam

 ∆HCaCl2

 ∆HNaOH

= 232,6799302 kkal/jam = 7,01834 x 10-6 kkal/jam

 ∆HEnzym α-amilase = 171,785884kkal/jam Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

menuju reactor 2 T = 60oC Pati Air CaCl2 NaOH Enzim α-Amilase Dekstrin

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS  ∆HDekstrin

B - 10

= 64661,66216 kkal/jam

Total H larutan masuk = 917958,3247 kkal/jam

ENTALPI KELUAR

 ∆HPati = Massa pati keluar x Cppati x ∆T =Massa pati keluar x Cppati x Tout-Tref = 211,0804 kg/jam x 0,3011 kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC 

= 2224,4713 kkal/jam Entalpi Air : (perry edisi 7 tabel 2-196 hal,2-174) ∫

=∫ =[ ]

=[

= 2634582,001 j/kmol

]

= = 34,9822 kkal/kg

 ∆Hair

= massa Air keluar x ∫

= 12103,40623 kg/jam x 34,9822 kkal/kg



= 423404,1881 kkal/jam Entalpi CaCl2 : (perry ed.7,table 2-194,hal 2-162) ∫

=∫

=[

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

333,15

]

298,15

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 11

=[

]

= 634,1443 kal/mol =  ∆HCaCl2

= 5,7130 kkal/kg = massa CaCl2 keluar x ∫

= 20,28839333 kg/jam x 5,7130 kkal/kg 

= 115,9078 kkal/jam Entalpi NaOH : (Van ness edisi 7,app.C table C.2)

∫

=∫

333,15

]

=[

298,15

= [

= 253,1198 j/mol

]

=  ∆HNaOH

= 1,5124 kkal/kg = massa NaOH x ∫

= 2,28887x10-6 kg/jam x 1,5124 kkal/kg = 3,4618 x 10-6 kkal/jam

 ∆HEnzym α-amilase= Massa enzym α-amilase xCpenzym α-amilase x ∆T = massa enzym α-amilase x Cpenzym α-amilase x Tout-Tref = 7,3038216 kg/jam x 0,336kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC = 85,8929 kkal/jam

 ∆HDekstrin = Massa Dekstrin x Cpdekstrin x ∆T = massa Dekstrin x CpDekstrin x Tout-Tref = 3173,267024 kg/jam x 0,2911 kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC = 32330,8311 kkal/jam Total H larutan keluar = 458161,2912 kkal/jam Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 12

Menghitung panas yang hilang (Qloss) Asumsi : panas yang hilang hanya 5% Qloss = 5% x total H larutan masuk = 0,05 x 917958,3247 = 45897,9162 kkal/jam Menghitung entalpi air pendingin ΔHair pendingin = Qair pendingin = Hlarutan masuk – Hlarutan keluar – Qloss = 917958,3247 – 458161,2912 – 45897,9162 = 413899,1172 kkal/jam Kebutuhan air pendingin (m) = =

⁄

⁄

= 16555,9647 kg/jam H pendingin masuk = m x Cp x ΔT = 16555,9647 x 1 x (30-25) = 82779,8234 kkal/jam H pendingin keluar = m x Cp x ΔT = 16555,9647 x 1 x (55-25) = 496678,9406 kkal/jam

NERACA PANAS

KOMPONEN Pati Air NaOH Enzim α-Amilase CaCl₂ Dekstrin

PANAS MASUK (kkal/jam) Aliran 7 4448.9425 848443.2542 7.01834E-06 171.7859 232.6799 64661.6622

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

PANAS KELUAR (kkal/jam) Aliran 8 2224.471262 423404.1881 3.46175E-06 85.89294202 115.9078315 32330.83108

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS Q loss H pendingin masuk H pendingin keluar TOTAL

B - 13 45897.91623 82779.8234 496678.9406 1000738.1481

1000738.1481

4. REAKTOR 2 (R-130) 9 Air Pendingin T = 30oC

HCl T = 30oC

1 0

Enzim Glukoamilase T = 30oC

1 1

8 REAKTOR 2

Dari cooler T = 60oC Pati Air CaCl2 NaOH Enzim α-amilase Dekstrin

Air pendingin T = 45oC

Menuju rotary drum vacuum filter T = 60oC Pati Air CaCl2 NaCl Enzim α-amilase Dekstrin Enzim Glukoamilase HCl Glukosa

ENTALPI MASUK

 ∆HPati = 2224,4713 kkal/jam

 ∆Hair = 423404,1881 kkal/jam

 ∆HCaCl2 = 115,9078 kkal/jam

 ∆HNaOH = 3,4618 x 10-6 kkal/jam

 ∆HEnzym α-amilase = 85,8929 kkal/jam

 ∆HDekstrin = 32330,8311 kkal/jam 

Entalpi HCl : (table.4 heat capacity of liquid) ∫

=∫

=[ =[

= 4,3837 btu/lb =

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

86

]

77

]

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 14

= 2,4370 kkal/kg

 ∆HHCl = massa HCl x ∫

= 0,0135 kg/jam x 2,4370 kkal/kg = 0,03297 kkal/jam

 ∆HEnzym glukoamilase = Massa enzym glukoamilase xCpenzym glukoamilase x ∆T = massa enzym glukoamilase x Cpenzym

glukoamilase

Tout-Tref = 6,3908 kg/jam x 0,336kkal/kg oC x (30-25)oC = 9,842 kkal/jam Total H larutan masuk = 458171,1661 kkal/jam ENTALPI KELUAR

 ∆HPati = Massa pati keluar x Cppati x ∆T =Massa pati keluar x Cppati x Tout-Tref = 211,0804 kg/jam x 0,3011 kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC



= 2224,4713 kkal/jam Entalpi Air : (perry edisi 7 tabel 2-196 hal,2-174) ∫

=∫ =[

=[

]

= 2634582,001 j/kmol

]

= = 34,9822 kkal/kg

 ∆Hair

= massa Air keluar x ∫

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

x

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 15

= 11939,7 kg/jam x 34,9822 kkal/kg 

= 417678,5139 kkal/jam Entalpi CaCl2 : (perry ed.7,table 2-194,hal 2-162) ∫

=∫

=[

333,15

]

298,15

=[

]

= 634,1443 kal/mol =  ∆HCaCl2

= 5,7130 kkal/kg = massa CaCl2 keluar x ∫

= 20,28839333 kg/jam x 5,7130 kkal/kg 

= 115,9078 kkal/jam Entalpi NaCl : (perry 7 edition table 2-194 hal.2-167)

∫

=∫

333,15

]

=[

=[

298,15

= 424,0506 cal/mol

]

=  ∆HNaCl

= 7,2487 kkal/kg = massa NaCl x ∫

= 3,3475x10-6 kg/jam x 7,2487 kkal/kg = 2,4265 x 10-5 kkal/jam

 ∆HEnzym α-amilase= Massa enzym α-amilase xCpenzym α-amilase x ∆T = massa enzym α-amilase x Cpenzym α-amilase x Tout-Tref = 7,3038216 kg/jam x 0,336kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 16

= 85,8929 kkal/jam

 ∆HDekstrin = Massa Dekstrin x Cpdekstrin x ∆T = massa Dekstrin x CpDekstrin x Tout-Tref = 63,4653 kg/jam x 0,2911 kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC 

= 646,6166 kkal/jam Entalpi HCl : (table.4 heat capacity of liquid) ∫

=∫

140

]

=[

77

=[

= 31,2431 btu/lb

]

= = 17,3690 kkal/kg

 ∆HHCl = massa HCl x ∫

= 0,0135 kg/jam x 17,3690 kkal/kg = 0,2349 kkal/jam

 ∆HEnzym glukoamilase = Massa enzym glukoamilase xCpenzym glukoamilase x ∆T = massa enzym glukoamilase x Cpenzym

glukoamilase

Tout-Tref = 6,3908 kg/jam x 0,336kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC = 68,8932 kkal/jam

 ∆Hglukosa = Massa glukosa xCpglukosa x ∆T = massa glukosa x Cpglukosa x Tout-Tref = 3273,4755 kg/jam x 0,301 kkal/kg oC x (60-25)oC = 34486,0639 kkal/jam Total H larutan keluar = 455306,5948 kkal/jam Menghitung panas yang hilang (Qloss) asumsi panas yang hilang hanya 5%

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

x

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 17

Qloss = 5% x total H keluar = 0,05 x 455306,5948 = 22765,3297 kkal/jam ∆Hf glukosa

= 62,402 kkal/mol = = 1134,8412 kkal/jam

∆Hf dekstrin

= 9096,582 kkal/mol = = 82715,1053 kkal/jam

∆Hf Air

= -0,0683 kkal/mol = = -0,6211 kkal/jam

∆Hreaksi

= ∆Hf glukosa - ∆Hf dekstrin- ∆Hf Air = (1134,8412-82715,1053-( -0,6211)kkal/jam = -8579,6431 kkal/jam

ΔH reaksi (-) menunjukkan reaksi berlangsung eksotermis Menghitung entalpi pendingin ΔH air pendingin = massa x Cp x ΔT = m x 1 x (45-30) = 15m Entalpi larutan masuk = 458171,1661 kkal/jam entalpi larutan masuk = entalpi larutan keluar + Qloss + entalpi air pendingin 458171,1661 = 455306,5948 + 22765,3297 + 15m 458171,1661 = 396492,2815 + 15m Massa air pendingin (m) = = 4111,9256 kg/jam ΔH air pendingin = 15m = 15 x 4111,9256 = 61678,8864 kkal/jam Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 18

Neraca panas PANAS MASUK (kkal/jam)

KOMPONEN total entalpi masuk

458171.1661

TOTAL

PANAS KELUAR (kkal/jam)

KOMPONEN

total entalpi keluar entalpi air pendingin Q loss ΔH reaksi

455306.5948 61678.88464 22765.32974 -81579.64308 458171.1661

458171.1661

5. PRE HEATER (E-163)

Saturated Steam T = 120oC

1 1 Dari ion excganger T = 30oC Glukosa Air HCl CaCl2 NaCl Inert

PRE HEATER

kondensat T = 105oC

1 2 menuju evaporator T = 50oC glukosa air HCl CaCl2 NaCl inert

ENTALPI MASUK

 ∆Hglukosa = Massa glukosa xCpglukosa x ∆T = massa glukosa x Cpglukosa x Tout-Tref = 3208,3333 kg/jam x 0,301 kkal/kg oC x (30-25)oC



= 4828,5416 kkal/jam Entalpi Air : (perry edisi 7 tabel 2-196 hal,2-174)

∫

=∫ 303,15

=[

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya Jurusan Teknik Kimia

]

298,15

APPENDIKS B PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

B - 19

=[

= 376738,0481 j/kmol

]

= = 5,00236414 kkal/kg

 ∆Hair

= m...