ASCI 001 Exam 2 study Guide PDF

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Study Guide - Dr. Townson...

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Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) --> gives accreditation to zoos and aquariums for them to have animals and funding, goal of habitat mirroring, conservation leadership, SAFE. Basic milking system --> Remover milk from the cow via vacuum Milk then flows to a recieved by jar gravity Milk is then pumped from the receiver jar to the bulk tank binocular vision of horses --> vision a little ways infront of the horse Camels --> Predominantly in Africa and Asia - kept by nomads One humpes Dromedaries (Camelus Dromedarius) - camels of the plains Two humpes, Bactrainc camels (Camelus Bactrainus) - camels of the mountains Provide milk, meat, fiber, transport and dung as fuel. Cow Daily Routine --> Eating 3-5 hours (9-14 meals per day) Lying down or esting 12-14 hour per day Standing or walking 2-3 hour Drinking water: 30 minutes The remaining 2.5-3.5 hours are used for herd management activities like vet check or their daily milking routine Milked 2-3 milking times per day → 5-7 minutes for a cow to be milked Make manure → 17 gallons of it per day → enough fertilizer to grow 56lb of corn. Culling --> removing a cow from the herd DAMNIT in wildlife disease --> Degenerative/developements, Autoimmune, Metabolic/mechanical, Neuroplastic (new growth) /nutritional, Infections/inflammitory/latorgenic (cause by doctor)/ idiopathic (unknown cause), Trauma/toxin free stall barn --> barn for cattle in which each animal is free to lie down, feed, move, or seek out other animals. Cows are voluntarily going into stalls and areas to rest

parlor type of milking system - cows are herded to milking system Gestation --> 9 months for cows Horses --> Milking equines is time consuming, repeated 5-6 times per day. Milking requires presence of the foal due to neurological response → oxytosan (milk let donw hormore) wont be relleased without the foal present Mare's milk consumed in Central Asia, lactic-alcoholic beverage called koumiss is produced. neuro endrocrin response - neuro response to seeing the offspring, hearing or semlling the new born that triggers the oxytosone from the brain that trigger the mamory tissues to release the milk Could give animal a shot of the hormone (oxytosan) but animals can become resistant to it eventually how far away can cows smell? --> up to 6 miles How far away can horses hear? --> up to 40 ilometers How long is the turn over of milk from cow to store? --> 48 hours how many muscles do horses have in their ears? --> 10 How much do cows eat per day? --> Eat about 100lb of feed per day How much do milk do cows produce per day? --> Average cow produces about 70lb of milk → 8 gallons per day How much water do cows drink a day?q --> They drink 30-50 galls of water each day How often to animals hvae exams --> annualls sometimes 6 months depdnding on age and species. In a milking system the vacuum regulator --> Maintains a constant vacuum level within the milking system

free stlal housing w one robot per 60 cows Issues impacting livestock --> land expansion, artificial production for better resources, poaching, climate change, water access and diminishing resources, cost of food and supplies, diversification of products and increased productivity, competition for resources. lactation curve --> Phase 1 -- Production Phase 2 -- Maximum Dry Matter Intake, Milk Production, Body Weight Phase 3 -- Body Weight Regain, Dry Matter Intake Phase 4 -- Dry Period 0-6 weeks start prodution 4-8 weeks is on an icling 8-12 weeks lactation is peaked (trying to get animal rpegant a second time so that lactation pek is continued at same levels during pregenay for efficent milk production) Colostrum (first milk)is rich in antibodies to be transferred to the newborn to build an immune system

price of milk fluxuated based on world trade, governemnt pricing strucutre, milk rpcoessers have a large say in what they are willing to give rpoducer for milk. We are produciing more milk than can be sold. Life of a cow (cycle repeats for 5-6 lactations) --> Born Heifer 1st breeding → 15 months First calf born → 24 months (when the first lactation begins) 2nd breeding → 27 months Dried off → 34 months Second calf born → 36 months (when the second lactation begins) Milking Parlor --> A specialized area on the dairy farm where the milking process is performed. Cows are brought into the parlor two or three times a day. Harvest milk quickly and gently

Imporves labor effeciency Maintains animal health Easily cleaned and sanitized Routinely serviced for optimal performance 80% of the US cows are milked in a parlor monocular vision of horses --> eye vison of horses from the sides of their bodies towards their butss Necropsy --> animal autopsy Small Ruminants --> Large developing countries, small ruminants Marginal environments, scare grazing and unfavorable climate conditions small ruminants thrive in"poor land" environments - ideal in developing countries because they don't need a lot of space or resources, low cost of production. Ideal for developing countries because require lower capital investment and production cost Tie stall barn --> Cows have their own places and are neck chained to keep them inplace Advantages → lots of human/animal interaction , smaller flight zone of animal TMR --> Total Mixed Ration TMR - formulated special feed of hay, grain, silage and proteins like soybean meal, vitamins and minerals. Top 5 countries by Cow Numbers --> ndia → 35900 cows per 1000 head Brazil → 16045 Russia → 12500 US → 9115 (Very efficent in what we get from an individual cow because we are 4th in cow numbers but second in production) Mexico → 6800

Top 5 countries by milk production --> India → 146 million metric tons US → 93.5 China → 45 Pakistan → 42 Brazil → 35.7 Top 5 states by milk production --> California Wisconsin Idaho New York Pennsylvania trade off hypothesis --> says that the virulence evolution is done by traits and chance, not by target of selection like natural selection. Where there is a trade off between killing the host and increasing ability of transmission. What are some methods to uthanize animals? --> squeeze cage, dart, tubes/gas What can the tail tell about a horse? --> point of balance so if the hrose is sore somethere there will be excessive tail swishing as well as tell annoyance, frighteness or anger. What do zoos do interms of diease and quarentine? --> 30-60 day quarentine, complete physical exam, place microchip, 3 negative fecal samples, stress tests, release to exhibit. What does it mean when horses are snapping? --> with their lips it means that they are showing a submissve response twoards another horse what does it mean when the hind leg of a horse is cocked? --> the horse is in resting position what does it mean when the whites of a horses eyes are showing? --> startled or alarmed what does rapid darting eyes in a horse indicate? --> scared what does tense eye muscles indicate in a horse? --> stressed / worried

What is SAFE interms of AZA --> protect threatened animals, build on established recovery plans and history of commitment, prioritize collaboration among AZA members institutions, implements strategic conversation and statekholder engagment activites, measures an d resports conservation progress. What is the flehman responses? --> when the horse sticks their top lip upwards. Draws scent in stronger into naval cavities. What is virulence evolution? --> viruses that can evolve When horse snort at one another what are they doing? --> establishing dominance. same things as when they roar Why are zoo keepers so imporant? --> they are they eyes and ears of the zoo animals, the keep tabs on feed, enrichment, concumption, weights, and fecal and urine matter Why does wildlife behavior matter? --> being able to identify normaliities can help determine innormalities, idenify wild vs domestic, be able to teach natural behavior in capive animals, how to beeter design habitats and have safe interactions with wildlife. Why does wildlife health matter? --> impacts society, spread fo disease, ecosystems are impated, human and biodiversity impact, domestiv health , conversation and economic impact World Dairy trade - 3 big commodities --> Cheese, butter and powdered milk China is a huge consumer of dairy products Yaks --> "Roof of the world"--> the tiberan plateau provide milk, meat, down fiber and fecal mater that can be used for othe things...