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ASME BPVC.VI I I .2-2021 SECTION VIII R u l e s f o r C on stru cti o n o f P re ssu re Ves s els 2021 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code Div ision 2 A lter n a tive Ru les Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASM...

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ASME BPVC 2021 Section VIII div. Mirza Baig

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2010 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O D E VIII Division 2 … 1888015 Nguyễn Hải Đăng VIII Division 2 Rules For Const ruct ion of Pressure Vessels laura t ariba Division 1 RULES FOR CONST RUCT ION OF PRESSURE VESSELS VIII VIII Grupo Diez

ASME BPVC.VI I I .2-2021

SECTION VIII R u l e s f o r Co n stru cti o n o f P re ssu re Ves s els

2021

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code An International Code Div ision 2 A lter n a tive Ru les

Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the ASME Single Cer�fica�on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or Standard. Use of of the ASME Single Cer�fica�on Mark requires formal ASME cer�fica�on; if no cer�fica�on program is available, such ASME markings may not be used. (For Cer�fica�on and Accredita�on Programs, see h�ps://www.asme.org/cer�fica�on-accredita�on.) Items produced by par�es not formally possessing an ASME Cer�ficate may not be described, either explicitly or implicitly, as ASME cer�fied or approved in any code forms or other document.

AN INTERNATIONAL CODE

2021 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code 2021 Edition

July 1, 2021

VIII

RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS Division 2 Alternative Rules ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee on Pressure Vessels

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Date of Issuance: July 1, 2021

This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is an American National Standard. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve," "certify," “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. The endnotes and preamble in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard.

ASME Collective Membership Mark

ASME Single Certification Mark

"ASME" and the above ASME symbols are registered trademarks of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934 Printed in the United States of America Adopted by the Council of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914; latest edition 2021. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2021 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved

TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Changes in Record Number Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 1 1 4 4 5 5 5

Annex 1-B

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

Annex 1-C

Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

Part 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Referenced by This Division Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Guide for Certifying a Manufacturer’s Design Report

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23

Annex 2-C

Report Forms and Maintenance of Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

Annex 2-D

Guide for Preparing Manufacturer’s Data Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

Annex 2-E

Quality Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

Annex 2-F

Contents and Method of Stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

Annex 2-G

Obtaining and Using Certification Mark Stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50

Annex 2-I

Establishing Governing Code Editions and Cases for Pressure Vessels and Parts . . . . .

52

Annex 2-J

Qualifications and Requirements for Certifying Engineers and Designers . . . . . . . . . . .

53

Materials Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials Permitted for Construction of Vessel Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplemental Requirements for Ferrous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplemental Requirements for Cr–Mo Steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplemental Requirements for Q&T Steels With Enhanced Tensile Properties Supplemental Requirements for Nonferrous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56 56 56 63 65 66 67

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Annex 2-B

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21

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Guide for Certifying a User’s Design Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Annex 2-A

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Part 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

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Part 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Responsibilities and Duties . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . Manufacturer’s Responsibilities The Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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xvii xix xxi xxi xxii xxv xlvi li lii

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3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20

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68 70 73 73 76 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 89 98

Annex 3-A

Allowable Design Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123

Annex 3-B

Requirements for Material Procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

144

Annex 3-C

ISO Material Group Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

145

Annex 3-D

Strength Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

146

Annex 3-E

Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153

Annex 3-F

Design Fatigue Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

154

Design by Rule Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Shells Under Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design of Shells Under External Pressure and Allowable Compressive Stresses Design Rules for Openings in Shells and Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Flat Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Spherically Dished Bolted Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Braced and Stayed Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Ligaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Jacketed Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Noncircular Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Layered Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluation of Vessels Outside of Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Supports and Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Flanged Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Clamped Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Bellows Expansion Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Rules for Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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168 168 175 204 232 257 290 300 309 310 313 318 334 380 399 400 417 443 452 509 546 550

Annex 4-A

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561

Annex 4-B

Guide for the Design and Operation of Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures . . .

562

Annex 4-C

Basis for Establishing Allowable Loads for Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

565

Annex 4-D

Guidance to Accommodate Loadings Produced by Deflagration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

566

Annex 4-E

Tube Expanding Procedures and Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

568

Design by Analysis Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Protection Against Plastic Collapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

579 579 580

Part 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21

Part 5 5.1 5.2

Supplemental Requirements for Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplemental Requirements for Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplemental Requirements for Hubs Machined From Plate . Material Test Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Toughness Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowable Design Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strength Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Fatigue Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Values for Temperatures Colder Than −30°C (−20°F) . Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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585 586 587 599 599 600 600 601 601 601 603 607 616

Annex 5-A

Linearization of Stress Results for Stress Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

619

Annex 5-B

Histogram Development and Cycle Counting for Fatigue Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

637

Annex 5-C

Alternative Plasticity Adjustment Factors and Effective Alternating Stress for Elastic Fatigue Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

640

Annex 5-D

Stress Indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

645

Annex 5-E

Design Methods for Perforated Plates Based on Elastic Stress Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . .

652

Annex 5-F

Experimental Stress and Fatigue Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

684

Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding Fabrication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Requirements for Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preheating and Heat Treatment of Weldments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Requirements for Clad or Weld Overlay Linings, and Lined Parts Special Requirements for Tensile Property Enhanc...