ATI Diagnostic Procedure Template EEG PDF

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Summary

ATI Diagnostic Procedure Template EEG...

Description

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE:

Diagnostic Procedure

STUDENT NAME _____________________________________

Electroencephalography (EEG) PROCEDURE NAME ____________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________ CH 3 ATI MS/Lipp Adv

Description of Procedure A noninvasive procedure that assesses the electrical activity of the brain and is used to determine abnormalities in brain wave patterns. An EEG provides information about the ability of the brain to function and highlights areas of abnormality.

Indications *EEGs are most commonly performed to identify and determine seizure activity, but they are also useful for detecting sleep disorders and behavioral changes.

Interpretation of Findings *NRML: Alpha waves (8-11 cycles/sec) follow a regular rhythm.*Alpha waves occur only in the waking state when the pts eyes are closed but the pt is mentally alert and usually disappear w visual activity or mental concentration.*Alpha waves are decreased by apprehension or anxiety are most prominent in the occipital leads.*Beta waves (13-30 cycles/sec) occur when the pt is alert w eyes open and are seen most readily in the fronta and central regions of the brain.*Theta waves (4-7 cycles/sec) are most common in childre and young adults. They appear primarily in the parietal and temporal regions and indicate drowsiness or emotional stress in adults. *Delta waves (fewer than 4cycles/sec) are visible deep sleep stages and in serious brain dysfunction. *ABNRML: Spikes and waves at 3 cycles/sec suggest absence seizures. *Multiple high voltage spiked waves in both hemispheres suggest generalized tonic-clonic seizures. *Spiked waves in affected temporal region suggest temporal lobe epilepsy. *Localized, spiked discharges suggest focal seizures.*Slow waves (usually delta waves but possibly unilateral beta waves) suggest intracranial lesions. *Generalized, diffuse, and slow brain waves suggest metabolic or inflammatory disorders or increased intracranial pressure. *A absent EEG pattern or a flat tracing (except for artifacts) may indicate brain death. *An E may be normal in dementia, the early stages of metabolic disease, and cerebral pathology

Potential Complications *Adverse effects of sedation, if used. *Possible seizure activity.

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

CONSIDERATIONS

Nursing Interventions (pre, intra, post) PRE: Review medications w the provider to determine if they should be continued prior to this procedure. Wash pts hair to eliminate all oils, gels, and sprays; Pt should stay awake prior to test. Being sleep deprived provides cranial stress, increasing the possibility of abnormal electrical activity, such as seizure potentials, occurring during the procedure; Teach pt to hyperventilate for 3-4 mins or expose pt to bright flashing lights to stimulate activity during the test; Make sure pt has not taken any stimulants or sedatives 12-24hrs prior to procedure; Teach pt that their head will be immobilized during procedure, to remain still, to void immediately prio to the procedure, and that following dye injection, it is common to experience a metallic taste and feel a sensation of warmth behind the eyes, over the face, jaw, tongue, and lips. INTRA: The procedure generally takes 45-120mins, there are no risks associated w this procedure,there are no risks associated w this procedure, w the client resting in a chair or lying in bed, small electrodes are placed on the scalp and connected to a brain wave machine or computer, notations are made when stimuli are presented or when sleep occurs (flashes of ligh or pictures can be used during the procedure to assess the client's response to stimuli). POST: Resume your normal activities and routine.

Client Education *Be sure to include the pts family or caregiver in your teaching, when appropriate. *Determine whether the pt and caregivers speak English fluently or whether an interpreter should be obtained before arranging for the teaching session.*Determine whether any cultural concerns should be considered when planning the teaching session. Explain the purpose of the test and how it's done. *Tell the pt who will perform the test and where it will be done.*Tell pt to avoid stimulants, tobacco, and sedatives 8hrs before test. *Tell pt to eat normally before the test. *Advise the pt to sleep only 4-5hrs before the test. *Reassure the pt that the electrodes won't produce a shock.*If the test involves needle electrodes, warn the pt that pricking sensations may be felt during insertion.*Inform pt that the test takes about 1hr.*Tell pt to discuss w practitioner whether to discontinue medications before the test and, if so, for how long before.*Tell the pt to shampoo the night before but not to use conditioner or gel.

Nursing Interventions *Perform hand hygiene.*Confirm pt identity using at least 2 pt identifiers.*The pt is positioned, and electrodes are attached to the scalp.*During recording, the pt is carefully observed, and mvmts such as blinking, swallowing, or talking, are noted; these mvmts can cause artifacts (distortions) and inaccurate test results.*The pt may undergo testing in various stress situations, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, to elicit abnormal patterns not obvious in the resting stage....