ATI Gerontology Exam 1 PDF

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1.

"On average, health care expenditures for a person who dies at 90 is how many times greater than health care expenditures for a person who dies at 65." 6

1.

What does ADL stand for?

ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING

1.

Dependence is defined as loss of physical or mental functioning

inability of individual to perform physical or mental tasks needed for independent living "inability to perform ADLs such as dressing, bathing and eating"

1.

Individual aging and population ageing are not the same thing. True False

1.

The growth of telemedicine can aid in the monitoring elderly patients in their homes.

True False

"In 2050, 75% of the American population wil be other than white." Selected Answer:

Fals e

__________ are now the major cause of death among older people in both more developed and less developed countries.

Chronic non-communicable diseases

Title IIIC of the Older Americans Act provides for Selected Answer: Answers:

congregate nutrition services home-delivered nutrition services nutrition services incentive program

all of the above

Male disabilities are associated with

heart disease an stroke

Females make up a larger portion of older Americans TRUE People 65 and older are consistently more likely to have a regular source of medical care compared to younger individuals Fals e

Which of the following are factors that affect aging rates? Check all that apply. Selected Answers:

Climate and natural disasters

Political events

Genetic profile

Exposure to disease



Which of the following are true about aging? Select all that apply. Selected

Answers:

It is a continuous process

It occurs in the absence of disease

It is predictable Answers:

It is a continuous process

It occurs in the absence of disease It is predictable

It is progressive

Lower health care costs are the consequence of increased life expectancy. Selected Answer:

Fals e

Older Americans spent 12.9% of their total expenditures on health in 2009 Selected Answer:

Tru e

The first level of disability is functional decline FALSE Quality of Life is made up of: Check all that apply.

Selected Answers:

Health Status

Functional Status

SES Status

General Life Satisfaction There are cultural differences in approaches to health care TRUE Senescence is reversible FALSE

QUIZ 2

"In contrast to recommendations from ACSM, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the Dietitians of Canada, increased protein intake for healthy older persons who exercise regularly is not recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board Panel." Answer s:

Tru e False

Researchers are confident in the RDA for protein for older adults Answer True

s: Fals e

Dietary protein has both positive and negative effects on bone mineral density. Selected

Tru

Answer:

e

Total protein intake _____ with age but remains relatively ____ as a percentage of total intake. Selected Answer:

"decreases, stable"

 The current RDA for protein for healthy men and women over 19 years of age is Selected Answer:

0.80 g

Correct Answer: Evaluation Method

Correct Answer

Exact Match

1.2g/kg/d

Exact Match

incorrect

Exact Match

1.0g/kg/d

Exact Match

incorrect

Case Sensitivity



Contains

0.8g/kg/d

Exact Match

correct

Exact Match

1.5g/kg/d

Exact Match

incorrect

Question 2 2 out of 2 points

Dietary protein has both positive and negative effects on bone mineral density. Selected Answer:



Tru e

Question 3 2 out of 2 points

The coexistence of diminished muscle mass and increased fat mass is referred to as Selected Answer:

sarcopenic obesity



Question 4 2 out of 2 points

Sarcopenia is

"the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle efficiency"

The largest dietary protein intake in adults over 60 comes from

Selected Answer:

meat and milk

There is adequate research to make recommendations of quantity and sources of dietary protein for older adults. Selected Answer:

Fals e

Both daily intake of protein and quantity of dietary protein consumed at each meal is important for maintaining lean body mass Selected Answer:

Tru e

Which of the following is NOT a test for protein status? Selected Answer:

IL6

Research suggests ___ g of high quality protein at each meal will maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis.

2530g

The indicator amino acid oxidation technique (IAAO) estimates protein requirements for adult men is ___ g/kg/d Selected Answer:

0.9 3

High quality protein contains

all of the essential amino acids in adequate amounts Between ___ and ___ of older Americans do not get adequate dietary protein.

1/41/3

QUIZ 3 The non-reversible deterioration of cells is ______. Selected Answer:

senescen ce

Recommended dietary intake of CHO is ____% of all energy intake

55-

60

What is the best method to estimate actual energy needs in an older adult?

indirect calorimetry

There is very little variability in the rate of aging among individuals Fals e

Energy requirements ____with age Selected Answer:

decrea se

There is very little variability in the rate of aging among individuals Selected Answer:

Fals e

Which of the following are common GI disorders in the elderly (check all that apply): Answer s:

constipation

diverticular

disease

diabetes

hyperlipidemia crohn's disease

"____ fibers increase fecal bulk, decrease gut transit time and intraluminal pressure within the colon, while ___ fibers increase viscosity of gut contents, increase gut transit time and decrease rate of small intestinal absorption" Selected Answer:

insoluble/solub le

Older adults need more fiber than younger adults and should consume at least 35g per day Fals e

Dehydration carries many risks including (check all that apply): Selected Answers:

Hypotension

Mucosal dryness

Mental confusion

Nausea and vomiting

Body changes that occur during aging include (check all that apply): Selected Answers:

decrease in lean body mass

reduction in total body water

lossof bone density

increase in proportion of body fat Fluid requirements for older adults is approximately 50 Thirst sensitivity is decreased in older adults due to decreases in (check all that apply) Selected Answer:

all of the above

Answers:

osmoreceptors baroreceptors secretion of vasopressin

Consumption of high fiber foods can decrease serum lipids and delay gastric emptying Answer s:

Tru e

QUIZ5 

Potassium enters cells when there is Selected Answer:

new cell growth

Approximately 60% of all cases of hyponatremia are due to SIADH

A decrease in ___ function with aging affects the ability to maintain appropriate mineral concentrations RENAL

A decrease in total body water is DEHYDRATION

Selected Answer:

"low, compromised" Question 3 0 out of 2 points

Magnesium deficiency occurs in the elderly with (check all that apply)

Answer s:

poor intake

poor GI absorption

high urinary excretion Question 4 0 out of 2 points

Calcium binding _____ as serum pH ______. Answer s:

"increases, increases"

Question 5 0 out of 2 points

Match the mineral with the approximate quantity in a healthy 70 kg male o Correct

Selected

Match

Match

Question

Potassiu

[None

B.

Given]

m 140g Magnesi

[None

D.

Given]

um 20g Sodium

[None

A.

Given]

110g Calcium

[None

C.

Given]

1000g 

Serum calcium concentration is an accurate reflection of calcium stores in the body Selected Answer:

Fals e

Hyponatremia with contracted ECFV and a urinary sodium level greater than 10mEq/L is caused by Selected Answer:

excessive vomiting or urinary losses

Symptoms of hypernatremia include Selected Answer:

all of the above Answers:

coma thirst confusion

Hypocalcemia is caused by all of the following except:

low serum cortisol Question 5

There is a high prevalence of hyponatremia in acute and chronic care facilities Selected

Tru

Answer:

e



Dilutional hyponatremia is when

water retention is greater than sodium retention



Question 4 2 out of 2 points

Potassium enters cells when there is Selected Answer:

new cell growth 

Question 5 2 out of 2 points

Hypocalcemia is caused by all of the following except:

low serum cortisol Hyperkalemia occurs when an associated factor is present such as (check all that apply): Answer s:

acidosis

acute renal failure

use of ACE inhibitor Sodium is hydrophobic FALSE Vitamin D regulates _____ absorption in the intestines

CALCIUM The most frequent cause of hypokalemia is the use of ____ for edema or HTN DIURETICS Life threatening hypermagnesemia is found mainly in patients with renal insufficiency taking Magnesium containing antacids or cathartics TRUE

__% of magnesium is located in the bone 60 Hyperkalemia occurs when an associated factor is present such as (check all that apply): Selected

[None Given]

Answers: Answers:

acidosis alkalosis

acute renal failure

use of ACE inhibitor The etiology of hypokalemia includes (check all that apply) Selected

[None Given]

Answers: Answers:

pituitary or adrenal disturbances Atrophic gastritis

renal defects

drug-induced losses



Citric acid facilitates absorption of copper Selected

Tru

Answer:

e

Answers:

Tru e False



Question 2 0 out of 2 points

The upper limit for zinc intake for all adults is Selected Answer:

30 mg/day Answers:

40 mg/day 30 mg/day 35 mg/day 25 mg/day



Question 3 2 out of 2 points

Aluminum is an essential nutrient Selected

Fals

Answer:

e

Answers:

True Fals e



Question 4 0 out of 2 points

Chromium is believed to function with insulin Selected Answer:

Fals e

Answers:

Tru e False



Question 5 0 out of 2 points

High fiber and phytate intake can result in a ___ of trace minerals. Selected Answer:

sufficien cy Answers:

sufficien

cy

deficienc y



has the greatest effect in increasing aluminum levels. Selected Answer:

deodorant use Answers:

naturally occurring food sources cooking or storage in aluminum containers

food additives deodorant use 

Question 3 0 out of 2 points

Chromium deficiency is caused by all of the following except: Selected Answer:

drug interaction

Answers:

low dietary intake high fiber intake drug interaction

short-term parenteral nutrition Question 4



2 out of 2 points

Zinc is widely distributed in the food supply Selected

Tru

Answer:

e

Selenium functions with vitamin D in the detoxification of free radicals Selected

Tru

Answer:

e

Answers:

True Fals e



Individuals with chronic malabsorption syndromes are at greater risk for manganese toxicity Selected Answer:

Fals e

Answers:

True Fals e



Question 2 2 out of 2 points

Aluminum is an essential nutrient Selected

Fals

Answer:

e

Answers:

True Fals e



Question 3 2 out of 2 points

Chromium is believed to function with insulin Selected Answer:

Tru e

Answers:

Tru e False



Question 4 2 out of 2 points

Zinc is widely distributed in the food supply Selected Answer: Answers:

Tru e Tru

e False



Question 5 0 out of 2 points

Deficiency of zinc is due to all of the following except: Selected Answer:

physiologic stress Answers:

low dietary intake chronic malabsorption syndromes etoh consumption physiologic stress

high serum calcium Deficiency of molybdenum is generally due to Selected Answer:

long term parenteral nutrition

Answers:

long term parenteral nutrition

inborn error of metabolism The use of nickel supplements is advised in the elderly Selected Answer:

Fals e...