Basic Greek Book Chapter Summaries For Chapters 2 - 4 PDF

Preview

Summary

MTL chapter 1-4 summaries...

Description

MTL 180

Chapter 2 – 4

Christina Welgemoed

Basic Greek – derived medical term components Prefixes Have their own meaning Can’t stand alone Affixed to other word parts Modify/qualify the meanings of the words affixed to

• • • • Prefix

-a/ an(before vowel or h)

anti- / ant(before vowel of h)

dys-

hyper-

hypo- / hyp-

para(often par- before a vowel)

Meaning

Example

Not Without Lacking Deficient Against Opposed to Preventing Relieving Bad Difficult Painful Defective Abnormal Over Above Excessive Beyond normal Less than Below Under normal Deficient Beside Beyond Near Abnormal Irregular Alongside

Achroma Anaemia

Antibacterial

Dysmnesia

Hyperphagia

Hypopepsia

Paraspinal Paradenitis

Suffixes • • • Suffix -a -ia -sis

Cannot stand alone Added to other word parts Form nouns / adjectives / verbs Meaning Condition State Condition State Condition State

Function Forms abstract nouns

Example Dyspnoea

Forms abstract nouns

Algia

Forms abstract nouns

Emesis

MTL 180 -ist -iasis -osis

-oid -ode -id -ismus

-y

Chapter 2 – 4 Person interested in Condition State Condition State Process Resembling Resemblance

Forms nouns Forms abstract nouns

Dermatologist Lithiasis

Forms abstract nouns

Stenosis

Forms nouns or adjectives

Pyoid

Condition State Muscular spasm Condition State

Forms abstract nouns

Laryngismus

Forms abstract nouns

Lithology

Combining forms • • • •

Has own meaning Forms medical terms with prefixes and suffixes Core part of medical term Establishes basic meaning of a term

Combining form AESTHE(S)ALGESALGBIBRADY CHEIR- / CHIRHYPNCEPHALLIPLITHLOGLY- / LYSMACRMALACMICRODYNPEN- (I) PLEC- / PLEGPNOEPOLYRHINRHYTHMSCLERSPASMSTEN-

Christina Welgemoed

Meaning Sensation Sensitivity to pain Pain Life Slow Hand Sleep Head Fat Stone Word/study Destroy/breakdown (abnormally) large or long Soft (abnormally) small Pain Decrease / deficiency Strike / paralyse Breathe Many / excessive Nose Heartbeat Hard Spasm / contraction of muscles Narrow

Example Aesthesiology Analgesia Paralgia Biology Bradylexia Cheirology / dyschiria Hypnotic Cephaloplegia Lipolysis Litholysis Dyslogia Antilysis Macrodontia Malacia Microsplenia Odontodynia Hydropenia Paraplegia Tachypnoea Polyaesthesia Rhinasthesia Dysrhythmia Sclerosis Paraspasm Stenosis

MTL 180 STHENTACHY-

Chapter 2 – 4 Strength Rapid

Christina Welgemoed

Asthenia Tachylalia

Basic Greek – prefixes / suffixes / combining forms Prefixes Prefix amphi- / ampho anaapo- / apcata- / catdis- / di dia- / di ec- / e- / execto- / ect en- / emendo- / ento- / end- / entepi- / epesoeuexohemi-

Meaning both / on both sides / around up / back / again away from / separation from down / under / lower / downward / disordered double / twice / two through / across / completely apart / between away from / out of / from outside of / outer into / in / within within / inner upon / on / over within / inner / inward good / normal / healthy / well outside / from the outside / toward the outside half / partial / half or one side of body

Example amphibious anadipsia apobiosis catagenesis diglossia diaphragm / diagnosis ectopic ectogenous embolism endoscopy epidermis esotrophia euphonia exocardia hemiplegia

Suffixes Suffix -ac -ase -asia / - asis -ema -esis -etic -iac -ic

-ics / -tics -ide -ism -itis

Meaning pertaining to names of enzymes state / condition state / condition state / condition / procedure pertaining to person afflicted with pertaining to / located in

Function forms adjectives nouns abstract nouns abstract nouns abstract nouns

Example Cardiac Hydrogenase Achromasia Erythema Empyesis

adjectives nouns adjectives / nouns

indicating science / study indicates names of chemical substances state / condition / quality inflamed condition

nouns nouns

Genetic Haemophiliac Analgesic (pertaining to or a drug/agent – reliving pain) Paediatrics Therapeutics Fluoride

abstract nouns

Synergism

nouns

Nephritis

MTL 180 -ium / -eum -oma -tic

Chapter 2 – 4 membrane / connective tissue tumour / disease pertaining to

Christina Welgemoed

nouns

Pericardium

nouns adjectives / nouns

Haematoma Antiseptic (pertaining to antisepsis or antiseptic agent)

Combining Forms Combining form AETIANGIARTHRCHOL- / CHOLEDACTYLENCEPHALENTERERGGEN- / -GEN / GENEGRAMGRAPHHAEM- / HAEMAT- / -AEM HEPATSTA- / STAT-

Meaning Causation vessel (blood) joint bile/ gall finger / toe brain small intestine action / work produce / come into being a record write Blood Liver Stand

HYDRIDICLAS- / CLAST- / -CLAST CYSTCYTLEUKMEGA- / MEGALMENING- / MENINX-

water / fluid one’s self break (up) / destroy bladder Cell white / white blood cell abnormally large / long meningeal membrane / meninges form / shape / structure disease abnormal fear form / develop produce / make flow profusely flow / secrete rupture look at / examine mouth cutting / slice

MORPHPATHPHOBPLAS- / PLASTPOIE-RHAG-RHOE-RHEXSCOPSTOM- / STOMATTOM-

Example Aetiotropic Angiodysplasia Arthritis Dyscholia Dactylitis Enephalopyosis Enterostenosis Synergy Genetic / pyretogen Encephalogram Encephalograph Haemorrhage Hepatitis Prostatodynia Haemostat Hydrophobia Idiotropic Lithoclasty Cystalgia Cytologist Leukocyte Splenomegaly Meningopathy Morphology Encephalopathy Arachnophobia Enteroplasty Cholepoiesis Otorrhagia Rhinorrhoea Arteriorrhexis Scopophobia Macrostomia Arteriotome

MTL 180

Chapter 2 – 4

Christina Welgemoed

The use of hyphens • • •

Following a prefix / combining form o Indicates forms are followed by another term part/s. Preceding a suffix o Indicates form is preceded by another term part Preceding a combining form o Indicates the final part of the medical term

Compound word endings •

Combination of combining form and suffix

ec- + TOM- + -y GEN- + esis GEN- + -ic/-etic/-ous GRAPH- + -y LOG- + -y LY- + -tic LYS- + -in LYS- + -is MALAC- + -ia -RHAG- + -ia

Splenectomy Pathogensis Lipogenic Cystography Hydrology Haemolytic Haemolysin Haemolysis Splenomalacia Haemorrhagia

-RHOE- + -a -RHEX- + -is SCLER- + -osis SCOP- + -y SCOP- + -e STEN- + -osis TOM- + -e TOM- + -y

Rhinorrhoea Angiorrhexis Arteriosclerosis Rhinoscopy Rhinoscope Angiostenosis Cephalotome Craniotomy

Excision of a part The origin / development of Producing Radiography The science of Pertaining to breaking down A toxic agent destroying Destruction of membrane of Softening of Severe internal and external discharge of blood A watery discharge Rupture of a vessel Hardening of Examination Instrument for examining Narrowing of Instrument for cutting Incision into

Combining forms as word endings -CLAST -GEN

Lithoclast Pathogen

-LITH -STAT

Angiolith Haemostat

The suffix -ic and -tic • •

Form nouns denoting agents o Such as medicines / substances Means pertaining to

The silent suffix -e •

Not pronounced in English

Forceps for breaking up A substance capable of producing Calcareous deposit Device or medicine arresting

MTL 180

Chapter 2 – 4

Christina Welgemoed

STOM- and STOMAT• •

•

In surgical procedures o Refers to the formation of a passage or communication between body parts Words ending in -stomy o Refer to the establishment of a communication between two parts or organs ▪ Usually two tubular structures -tomy o Surgical incision to

-oma • •

Changes to -omat- when term parts are added to it Indicates a diseased condition o Denotes abnormal tissue growth in the form of a tumour which may be malignant or benign

PLAS- / PLAST- / MORPH• • •

PLASo Indicates formation / growth / proliferation / development PLAST – o Refers to plastic restorative surgery MORPHo Refers to the structural form or shape of organisms

IDI•

Idiopathic o Refers to an ailment that originates within the body (of unknown origin) o Disease originating within oneself ▪ Disease without a recognisable cause

endo- and SCOP• • •

Endoscope o Instrument to examine a hollow organ or cavity Endoscopy o Process of visual examination of a hollow organ or cavity Endoscopic surgery o Surgery performed with use of endoscopes

GRAM- and GRAPH• • •

-graph o Instrument used to record -graphy o Process of recording -gram o Resultant record

MTL 180

Chapter 2 – 4

Christina Welgemoed

Paraplegia •

Paralysis from the waist down

AETI•

Aetiology o Study of the cause of the diseases o The cause of a disease

Basic Greek – prefixes / suffixes / combining forms Prefixes Prefix heter- / heterohomo- / homeometa- / metperipropros- / prosthsyn- / sym- (n is dropped before l or s)

Meaning met different / other same change / after/ beyond around / surrounding before in place of together / with / joined

Example Heterography Homogenesis Metagenesis Periarthritis Prochondral Prosthesis Synergy

Suffixes Suffix -ine / -ine -itic

Function forms noun adjectives (can also indicate a drug/agent)

-ma / -mat-

nouns

-sia

abstract nouns

-ter

nouns

Meaning names of substances pertaining to / pertaining to inflammation abnormal or diseased condition state / condition instrument device

Example Adrenaline Nephritic

Oedema Oedematous Dysstasia Ectasia Rhineurynter

Combining forms Combining form ADENACRANKYLARACHN-

Meaning gland extremities stiffened / hooked spider / web

ARTERIBLENNCHROM- / CHROMA- / CHROMATDERM- / DERMA- / DERMAT-

artery mucus colour / pigment

Example Adenocyst Acromegaly Ankylosis Arachnoid membranes Arachnoiditis Arterioplasty Blennadenitis Chromatin

skin

Dermatologist

MTL 180 DIPSERYTHRGASTRGNO - / GNOSHIDR- / -IDRHIST- / HISTIIATRKINEKINES- / KINESICEL- / CELICOL- / COLI- / COLONCRANICYANLAPARLEXMELANMYELNOSOLIGPAEDPOLIPY-RAPHSARCSPLEN-

Chapter 2 – 4 thirst red / red blood cell stomach know sweat tissue healer / physician move movement / motion abdomen colon skull blue abdomen / abdominal wall read dark / black bone marrow / spinal cord disease / illness few / deficient child grey matter of brain and spinal cord pus suture flesh / soft tissue spleen

Christina Welgemoed Dipsosis Erythraemia Gastritis Diagnosis Hidrosis Histiocyte Iatrology Biokinetics Kinesis Celioscopy Colonalgia Cranioclast Cyanosis Laparotomy Dyslexia Melanin Myelitis Nosology Oligodactylia Paediatrics Poliosis Pyogenic Pericardiorrhaphy Sarcocyst Splenopathy

COL- / COLI- / COLON •

•

COLIo o

Rod shaped bacterium that inhibits the intestinal tract Colicolitis ▪ Inflammation of the colon due to E. coli COL- / COLON o Colon is divided into the ▪ Ascending ▪ Transverse ▪ Descending

SARC- + oma • • •

Indicates malignant tumours Oma = benign Sarcoma = malignant

OLIG•

Indicates a deficiency or abnormality

MTL 180

Chapter 2 – 4

Christina Welgemoed

-RAPH• •

Means suture / suturing Mostly combines with suffix -y

-ter + EURYN•

Refers to an instrument used to widen a specific body part with a view to examination

GNO- / GNOS•

•

Diagnosis o Denoting the disease or syndrome a patient has o The scientific and skilful methods to establish the nature of the disease Prognosis o Prediction of the course and end of a disease...