Bio 106 Exam 3 study guide-2018 PDF

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Exam 3 study guide  Introduction o Moore’s law: change- change in technology, change in biology 

Linkages between biochemistry/cell biology and whole organism function/ecology will be important to understand how animals work

o Collagen 

Most abundant protein of mammals

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Skin, bone, tendon, cartilage, and teeth

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Great tensile strength

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3 helical polypeptides nearly 100 residues long

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repeated amino acid sequence (…glycine-x-x-glycine-x-x…)

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often glycine-proline-hydroxyproline

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structure:

 o scurvy: 

what causes: faulty collagen

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Primates and guinea pigs cannot synthesize ascorbate (Vitamin C) Ascorbate is vital for the enzymatic conversion of proline (pro) to hydroxyproline (hyp)

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In scurvy patients, collagen has an amino acid sequence of gly-X-pro (melting temp 24 degrees C) rather than gly-X-hyp (melting temp 58 degrees C).

Human body temperature is 37 degrees C o Alvinella (Pompeii worm) is a deep-sea worm that lives at a temperature that is near 

the melting point for collagen Animal Diversity o Body symmetry 

  o Burgess Shale fossils 

Tell us:

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How many types of animals and body plans in fossil record are now extinct: Only one chordate fossil that looks like small worm has been found among

these fossils  Opabina- 5 stalked eyes, long flexible proboscis with a claw at the end o Animal phylogeny - memorize

o Colonial choanoflagellate

o Phylum porifera  

Sponges “colony” of flagellated cells

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individual cells can potentially regenerate into new individuals spicules choanocytes

 symmetry: no true tissues so no symmetry o phylum cnidarian   

hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals gastrovascular cavity, gastrodermis, epidermis true tissues, nervous system, muscles, sensory organs, digestive system

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stining cells- cnidocytes, nematocysts radial symmetry

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Radiata Irukandji jellyfish- small jellyfish from Australia can kill a human in a few days, 1 cm diameter

Golden jellyfish of Lake Palau- have lost ability to sting, use symbiotic algae to get food from sunlight o Phylum ctenophora 

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Comb jellies Comblike ciliary plates

 Gastrovascular cavity  Radial symmetry- radiata o Bilateral symmetry  

Body plans of bilateria

o phylum Platyhelminthes   

flatworms dorsoventrally flattened no segmentation

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gastrovascular activity bilateral, no coelom, protostome

o phylum Nematoda  roundworms

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unsegmented

 no circulatory system  bilateral, pseudocoelomate, protostome o Lophophorates – several phyla  Bryozans, lampshells (brachiopods)  Bilateral coelomate, protostome o Phylum Mollusca 

Clams, snails, squids

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Foot, visceral mass, mantle Bilateral, coelomate, protostome

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Lampsilis mussel Humboldt squid Vampyroteuthis infernalis  

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No ink production, produces bioluminescent mucus cloud Black surface

 Lives in oxygen minimum zone Colossal squid eye Basic body plan of mollusk  Gill, foot, mantles Anatomy of a clam  

Fill Foot

 mantle o phylum annelida 

segmented worms

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bilateral, coelomate, protostome Palouse earthworm  

White, lily-scented denizen of regions deep soil, 3 feet long Extinct, but UI found in 2006

 Giant vent tubeworm o Phylum anthropoda 

Crustaceans, insects, spides

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Segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton Bilateral, coelomate, protostome

 Mantis shrimp o Deuterostomes

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2 phyla: echinoderms, chordates embryotic development

 o phylum echinodermata  starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers  bilateral, coelomate, deuterostome o phylum chordata  

lancelets, tunicates, vertebrates notochord, nerve cord

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bilateral, coelomate, deuterostome body structure and feeding method

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Animal Nutrition o...