BIO 151 Exam 3 Study Guide PDF

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Study guide with highlighted answers for exam 3 in General Biology 151 with Jeff Carmichael...

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Practice Assignment for Exam 3: Name: Please respond to the following questions. Also note that you will likely be asked to share your responses with your colleagues. 1-10 = T/F. For those that are false, explain why they are false. 1. T Prions are infectious proteins that cause diseases such as mad cow. 2. F Viral capsids are surrounded by either DNA or RNA. DNA/RNA are inside of the capsid. 3. T Streptococcus pneumoniae cells are spherical in shape and are arranged in long chains. 4. F Cellulase is an effective antibiotic because it interferes with the synthesis of new bacterial cell walls. Cellulase is an enzyme that breaks down cellulose in plant cell walls, not bacterial cell walls. 5. T Mosses, ferns, and some gymnosperms produce motile sperm that have to swim to fertilize an egg. 6. T Pollen and embryo sacs represent the gametophytes of flowering plants and produce sperm and eggs respectively. 7. F Chytrids, Basidiomycetes, and Zygomycetes represent all of the major groups of fungi. There is one more major group of fungi, Ascomycetes. 8. T Most of the cells in mushrooms contain two haploid nuclei that can be traced back to the previous fusion of hyphae of opposite mating types. 9. T Choanoflagellates (a group of protists) represent the closest living relatives to animals and closely resemble the feeding cells of sponges. 10. F Coeloms are found in protostomes but not in deuterostomes. Deuterostomes have a body cavity.

11. A person contracts food poisoning and E. coli (Gram negative bacillus) is suspected. Could the figure above represent E. coli? No, because there is a cell wall and humans do not have cell walls. E. Coli is gram negative and the membrane in the picture is gram positive. 12. Are prokaryotes a monophyletic group based on the phylogeny below? No, because it has to include all the ancestors and Eukarya and Archaea are together.

13. Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution? a. the trend toward smaller sporophyte size b. the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle c. the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle d. the trend toward larger gametophytes

14. Which of the following is a correct statement about alternation of generations? a. The sporophyte is haploid and produces gametes. b. The sporophyte is diploid and produces spores. c. The gametophyte is haploid and produces spores. d. The gametophyte is diploid and produces gametes. e. Two spores unite to form a zygote 15. You observe the gametes of a fungal species under the microscope and realize that they resemble animal sperm. To which of the following group does the fungus belong? a. Chytrids b. Zygomycetes c. Basidiomycota d. Ascomycota e. Microsporidia 16. Reverse transcriptase: a. Converts viral DNA to a corresponding piece of antiparallel RNA. b. Converts viral RNA to a corresponding piece of DNA. c. Is found only in nonenveloped viruses. d. Directly causes macrophages to die. e. Has proven effective at fighting HIV. 17. How are mosses and ferns alike? a. Plants in both groups have vascular tissue. b. In both groups, sperm swim to the egg. c. The dominant generation in both groups is the sporophyte. d. Plants in both groups have true roots, stems, and leaves. 18. Identify any errors (if any) in the HIV reproductive cycle illustrated below. RNA is the genetic material in a retrovirus or HIV, reverse transcriptase does not break down the capsid, integrase does not make complimentary RNA, its an enzyme that inserts the DNA into the host cell. HIV infects white blood cells, NOT red blood cells. Protease is not involved in gene expression, its function is to produce functional capsids. CD4 is an acceptor on the outer surface of white blood cells, which allows HIV to bind and affect. No, it only can leave and infect white blood cells.

19. Identify any errors (if any) in the moss life cycle illustrated below. The left side of the picture is supposed to be gametophyte, not sporophytes. Gametophytes do not produce spores. They start the cycle as sporophytes. Spores grow into gametophytes, they do NOT fertilize each other.

20. Identify any errors (if any) in the mushroom life cycle illustrated below. Mushroom does not have “fertilization” and meiosis in mushrooms do not produce sperm and eggs, instead it produces spores. Also, a mushroom does not produce seeds, it produces spores that germinate to form hyphae. The cells are not diploid (2n), they are dikaryotic ( n + n)....