BIO 1406 Exam 4 Study Guide PDF

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Campbell Biology, 11e (Urry) Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 16.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) In his transformation

eriments, what phenomenon did

observe?

B) Mixing a heat-killed nonpathogenic strain of bacteria with a living pathogenic strain makes the pathogenic strain nonpathogenic. C) Infecting mice with nonpathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strains. D) Mice infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria can spread the infection to other mice. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.1 2) Which of the following statements describes the A) A strand of DNA is created from an RNA molecule. B) A strand of RNA is created from a DNA molecule. C) Bacterial cells are infected by a phage DNA molecule.

formation in

?

Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.1 3) A heat-killed, phosphorescent ting) strain of is mixed with a living, nonphosphorescent strain. Further observations of the mixture show that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which of the following observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to is a heritable trait? A) evidence that DNA was passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain B) evidence that protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain C) especially bright phosphorescence in the living strain Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation Section: 16.1 4) Which of the following facts did whether DNA or protein is the genetic material? A) DNA contains sulfur, whereas protein does not.

make use of in trying to determine

C) DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not. D) DNA contains purines, whereas protein includes pyrimidines. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.1 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

5) Which of the following investigators was (were) responsible for the discovery that in DNA from any species, the amount of the amount of e, and the amount of the amount of ? A) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase B) Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod D) Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.1 6) makes up Approximately what

of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. of the in this sample will be ?

B) 16% C) 42% D) 58% Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.1 7) makes up Approximately what A) 8% B) 16%

of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. of the in this sample will be ?

D) 72% Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.1 8) It became apparent to after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information. Which of the following characteristics of DNA is responsible for this? B) phosphate-sugar backbones C) complementary pairing of bases D) side groups of nitrogenous bases Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.1

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9) In an analysis of the combinations of A) A = C B) A = G and C = T

tide osition of a molecule of will be found?

, which of the following

D) G + C = T + A Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.1 10) For a , two students decided to repeat the experiment, with modifications. They decided to radioactively label the nitrogen of the DNA, rather than the phosphate. They reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogen atoms. Thus, labeling the nitrogen atoms would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. Why won't this experiment work? A) There is no radioactive isotope of nitrogen. B) Radioactive nitrogen has a half-life of 100,000 years, and the material would be too dangerous for too long. C) Although there are more nitrogens in a nucleotide, labeled phosphates actually have 16 extra neutrons; therefore, they are more radioactive.

Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.1 11) set out to determine what molecule served as the unit of inheritance. They completed a series of experiments in which was infected by a . Which molecular component of the T2 virus actually ended up inside the cell? A) protein B) RNA C) ribosome Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.1 12) In the polymerization of ,a is formed between a phosphate group of the nucleotide being added and which of the following atoms or molecules of the last nucleotide in the polymer? A) the 5' phosphate B) C6 D) a nitrogen from the nitrogen-containing base Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.1 3 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

13) Which of the following statements accurately describes the erences between lication in otes and lication in otes? A) Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not.

C) The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. D) Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 14) What is meant by the description regarding the two strands that make up the DNA double helix? A) The double helix structure of DNA creates nonparallel strands. C) Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands. D) One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 15) Suppose you are provided with an actively dividing culture of bacteria to which has been added. What would happen if a cell replicates once in the presence of this radioactive base? A) One of the daughter cells, but not the other, would have radioactive DNA. B) Neither of the two daughter cells would be radioactive. C) All four bases of the DNA would be radioactive. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2 16) In , there is a mutation in a gene called that alters the that normally acts at the origin of replication. Which of the following events would you expect to occur as a result of this mutation? A) Additional proofreading will occur. C) Replication will occur via RNA polymerase alone. D) Replication will require a DNA template from another source. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2

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17) In , which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the direction? A) primase B) DNA ligase

→ 3'

D) helicase Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 18) Which of the following characteristics of cause them to than the rest of the chromosome? A) the activity of telomerase enzyme B) DNA polymerase that cannot replicate the leading strand template to its 5' end D) gaps left at the 3' end of the lagging strand because of the need for a primer Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation Section: 16.2 19) How does the me meet the challenge of replicating the ends of ? A) It adds a single 5' cap structure that resists degradation by nucleases. B) It causes specific double-strand DNA breaks that result in blunt ends on both strands.

D) It adds numerous GC pairs, which resist hydrolysis and maintain chromosome integrity. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 20) At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork:

An is formed starting at the underlined following represents the primer sequence? A) 5' G C C T A G G 3' B) 5' A C G T T A G G 3'

of the template. Which of the

D) 5' G C C U A G G 3' Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation Section: 16.2

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21) In , to repair a by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act? A) nuclease, DNA polymerase, RNA primase B) helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase C) DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 22) In , what is the function of A) to unwind the DNA helix during replication B) to seal together the broken ends of DNA strands

?

D) to degrade damaged DNA molecules Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 23) Which of the following statements correctly describes the used during ?

erence between

and the

B) The nucleotides have two phosphate groups; ATP has three phosphate groups. C) ATP contains three high-energy bonds; the nucleotides have two. D) ATP is found only in human cells; the nucleotides are found in all animal and plant cells. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 24) Which of the following statements correctly describes the of DNA during lication?

erence between the

B) The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end. C) The lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together. D) The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2

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25) Why does a new DNA strand elongate only in the direction during A) DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template. B) The polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3' end. C) Replication must progress toward the replication fork.

lication?

Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 26) What is the function of the enzyme

in

lication?

B) elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain C) reattaching the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs in the double helix D) building RNA primers using the parental DNA strand as a template Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 27) What is the role of in the elongation of the replication? A) It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer.

during DNA

C) It unwinds the parental double helix. D) It stabilizes the unwound parental DNA. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 28) Which of the following types of molecules help to being replicated? A) primase B) ligase C) DNA polymerase

the

Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2

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while they are

29) Individuals with the disorder are hypersensitive to sunlight, and mutations to the DNA in their skin cells are left uncorrected. Why are the mutations not corrected in individuals with this disorder? A) The disorder makes cells unable to replicate DNA. B) The disorder causes mitosis to stop during metaphase. C) The disorder makes cells unable to form chromosomes. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 30) Which of the following characteristics would you expect of a the enzyme ? A) a high probability of somatic cells becoming cancerous B) an inability to produce Okazaki fragments C) an inability to repair thymine dimers

otic organism that

Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2 31) Use the figure to answer the following question.

In the late 1950s, grew bacteria in a medium containing (radioactive) (13N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N (nonradioactive). Which of the results in the figure would be expected after one round of DNA replication in the presence of A) A B) B C) C Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2

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32) Use the figure to answer the following question.

A space probe returns with a culture of a microorganism found on a distant planet. Analysis shows that it is a carbon-based life-form that has DNA. You grow the cells in 15N medium for several generations and then transfer them to 14N medium. Which pattern in the figure would you expect if the DNA was replicated in a ? A) A C) C D) D Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2 33) After the first replication was observed in their experiments testing the nature of DNA replication, could be confident of which of the following ? A) Replication is semi-conservative. B) Replication is not dispersive. D) Replication is neither dispersive nor conservative. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 34) You briefly expose bacteria undergoing DNA replication to radioactively labeled nucleotides. When you the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). Which do these different samples represent? B) lagging strands and Okazaki fragments C) Okazaki fragments and RNA primers D) leading strands and RNA primers Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2

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35) Within a molecule, adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine, and cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine. What is the significance of the ? A) It allows variable width of the double helix. C) It determines the tertiary structure of a DNA molecule. D) It determines the type of protein produced. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 36) servative plication involves a template. What is the A) single-stranded binding proteins B) DNA polymerase D) an RNA molecule Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 37) In DNA replication, the ing contain one strand of the original parental DNA and one new strand. What is the explanation for this phenomenon? B) DNA replication is conservative. C) DNA replication is not conservative. D) RNA synthesis is conservative. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 38) Who performed classic experiments that lication? A) Watson and Crick

ed the

C) Hershey and Chase D) Franklin and Wilkins Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2

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servative

of

39) DNA contains the template needed to copy itself, but it has no catalytic activity in cells. What zes the formation of between adjacent nucleotides in the DNA polymer being formed during DNA replication? A) ribozymes C) ATP D) RNA primers Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 40) Use the

to answer the following question.

Referring to the figure, what will be A) 5′ C, A, G, C, A, G, A 3′ B) 3′ T, C, T, G, C, T, G 5′ C) 5′ A, G, A, C, G, A, C 3′ D) 3′ G, T, C, G, T, C, T 5′ Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2

ed to the

as DNA replication proceeds?

41) Which of the following statements correctly describes the erence between the strand and the in DNA replication? A) The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' → 5' direction in a discontinuous fashion, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' → 3' direction in a continuous fashion. ing strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' → 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5' → 3' direction. C) The leading strand requires an RNA primer, whereas the lagging strand does not. D) There are different DNA polymerases involved in elongation of the leading strand and the lagging strand. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2

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42) What are ? A) the structures that hold two sister chromatids together B) enzymes that elongate the DNA strand during replication C) the sites of origin of DNA replication Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 43) Telomere s puts a limit on the number of times a cell can divide. Research has shown that telomerase can extend the life span of cultured human cells. How might adding affect ? A) Telomerase will speed up the rate of cell proliferation. C) Telomerase shortens telomeres, which delays cellular aging. D) Telomerase would have no effect on cellular aging. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2 44) Which of the following types of cells are affected most by A) only prokaryotic cells

?

C) cells in prokaryotes and eukaryotes D) only animal cells Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.2 45) Which of the following effects might be caused by reduced or very ? A) Cells may become cancerous. B) Telomere lengthens in germ cells. D) Cells maintain normal functioning. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2

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active

46) Researchers found a strain of bacteria that had one hundred times higher than normal. Which of the following statements correctly describes the most likely cause of these results? A) The single-strand binding proteins were malfunctioning during DNA replication. B) There were one or more base pair mismatches in the RNA primer. D) The DNA polymerase was unable to add bases to the 3′ end of the growing nucleic acid chain. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2 In a healthy eukaryotic cell, the rate of DNA repair is typically equal to the rate of DNA mutation. When the the , what is a possible fate of the cell? B) RNA may be used instead of DNA as inheritance material. C) DNA replication will proceed more quickly. D) DNA replication will continue by a new mechanism. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 16.2 48) Which of the following statements accurately describes the of a otic some? A) It is composed of a single strand of DNA. B) It is constructed as a series of nucleosomes wrapped around two DNA molecules. C) It has different numbers of genes in different cell types of an organism. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.3 49) If a cell were unable to produce , which of the following results would be a likely effect on the cell? A) There would be an increase in the amount of DNA produced during replication. C) Spindle fibers would not form during prophase. D) Amplification of other genes would compensate for the lack of histones. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation Section: 16.3

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50) Which of the following statements accurately describes one A) Each nucleosome consists of two molecules of histone H1.

?

C) The carboxyl end of each histone extends outward from the nucleosome and is called a "histone tail." D) Histones are found in mammals, but not in other animals or in plants or fungi. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.3 51) Which of the following molecular characteristics cause

to

to DNA?

B) Histones are negatively charged, and DNA is positively charged. C) Both histones and DNA are strongly hydrophobic. D) Histones are covalently linked to the DNA. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 16.3 52) Which of the following lists represents the of ?

reasingly

of

ization

B) looped domain, 30-nm chromatin fiber, nucleosome C) nucleosome, looped domain, 30-nm chromatin fiber D) 30-nm chromatin fiber, nucleosome, looped dom...