BIO 181 Module 1 - Lecture notes First lecture PDF

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Lecture #1 on ch.14 Kinetics...

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General Biology 181 Module 1 The scientific method: 1. Observe 2. Questions 3. Hypothesize 4. Predict 5. Test prediction Was the prediction true or false? Was the Hypothesis supported or not? ****Controlled experiments- manipulate the variable that is predicted**** What is biology? It is the science that studies life! Just some true facts about all living things: - all life is cellular (consists of one or more cells) - Membrane helps (maintain homeostasis) - Maintaining order - Grow and develop - Reproduce - Store replicate and process hereditary info - Perceive and process ambient info - Acquire energy - Evolve The cell is the fundamental unit of life! •To identify the common features of living organisms•To describe the universal features of all cells •To describe the defining characteristics of prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells.Fall 2019 Fun fact about cells: 1. In ALL cells,genetic information is stored in DNA 2. In ALL cells, genetic information is replicated by template polymerization 3. In ALL cells, genetic information is template-transcribed into an intermediary molecule: RNA 4. In ALL cells, genetic information is translated into proteins 5. In ALL cells, most cellular functions are carried out by proteins 6. All cells require input of energy 7. Cells primary metabolism involves same building blocks 8. All cells are enclosed by a membrane 9. All cells regulate their gene expression to meet changing needs 10. All cells transmit information

11. All cells belong to one of three domains: - domain bacteria ( prokaryotes) domain archaea (prokaryotes), domain eukarya (eukaryote) 12. All cells are either prokaryotic (small,nothing inside,) or eukaryotic (big, complex, w nucleus inside) Prokaryotic cells: - contains the outer membrane, inner membrane, and a nucleoid - NO nucleus - No organelle

Question*** the prokaryotes constitute a “paraphyletic group” -

Groups that contain all of the organisms that descend from a common ancestor are said to be monophyletic. Groups that contain some of the organisms that descend from a common ancestor are said to be paraphyletic.

Eukaryotic cells: - membrane enclosed nucleus - Various organelles How to measure life? Biologists and other science fields use the biological scale FemtoPicoNanoMicroMilliCentiKilo*The birth of the new science of molecular biology - Linus Pauling** 1. 2. 3. 4.

Biological processes are in essence molecular interactions Many biological processes result in increased order Living cells operate far from chemical equilibrium Maintaining order and the non-Equilibrium steady state requires input of energy...