Bio 204 ch 26 homework questions - Google Docs PDF

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mastering biology chapter 26 all questions and answers...

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1. Looking at the character table and phylogenetic tree above, which of the following is a true statement? a. The backbone is a shared ancestral character in mammals 2. To which domain is the domain eukarya most closely related? a. It is not clear whether eukaryotes are more closely related to bacteria archaea 3. Which of the following is a true statement concerning horizontal gene transfer? a. Horizontal gene transfer is known to occur within both prokaryotes and eukaryotes 4. Why are phylogenetic trees considered a hypothesis? a. A phylogenetic tree can be used to make testable predictions 5. The term polytomy refers to a situation in which a. There is a branch point on a phylogeny from which more than two descendent groups emerge 6. Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic levels in the Linnean system of classification, from most to least inclusive? a. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class order, family, genus, species 7. Three living species X, Y and Z share a common ancestor T, as do extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z make up a a. Paraphyletic group 8. The separate lineages leading to dolphins and sharks both evolved streamlined bodies, dorsal fins, and broad tail fins as adaptations to efficient locomotion in a marine environment. In this comparison, the bodies and fins of dolphins and sharks are what type of structures? a. Analogous 9. In a cladistic approach to systematics, an outgroup is a. A species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that includes all the species understudy 10. What is the basis for the use of a molecular clock to determine the absolute time of evolutionary change? a. Nucleotide substitutions in a gene occur at a relatively constant rate 11. Two genes are recognized as orthologous if a. They are homologous genes found in different species and their divergence traces back to speciation events that produced the species 12. A phylogenetic tree of bird families constructed by cladistic analysis would be a hypothesis about which of the following? a. Evolutionary relationships among bird families 13. A bald eagle and a black bear both have four limbs with digits because they are both tetrapods, descendants of a four-limbed ancestor. In this comparison, the limbs of the eagle and the bear are what type of structure? a. Homologous 14. Sister taxa on a phylogenetic tree are defined as groups that a. Share an immediate common ancestor and are each other’s closest relatives 15. A taxon

a. Is a formal grouping at any given level 16. The binomial system assigns to each organism a unique name that describes its a. Genus and species 17. Which of the following would be the least useful in determining the relationship among various species? a. Analogous structures...