Bio BZE - Review Questions - Nucleic Acids Answers PDF

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Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic AcidsPractice Multiple Choice Questions (With Answers)Choose the one option that best completes the statement or answers the question.Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication1. RNA is different from DNA because: a) RNA is double stranded. b) RNA has the sugar de...

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General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

Practice Multiple Choice Questions (With Answers) Choose the one option that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication 1. RNA is different from DNA because: a) RNA is double stranded. b) RNA has the sugar deoxyribose instead of ribose. c) RNA has the base uracil instead of thymine. d) RNA is a nucleic acid. 2. Why is RNA important to a cell? a) DNA holds the instructions for protein synthesis, but can’t make proteins. b) DNA can make protein, but RNA holds the instructions. c) RNA packages and processes the protein that DNA makes. d) DNA has chromosomes, but RNA has the genes to make proteins. 3) Chromosomes are made up of _____. a) Nucleic acid and lipids. b) Nucleic acid and carbohydrates. c) Nucleic acid and proteins. d) Nucleic acid, carbohydrates, and proteins. e) Nucleic acid, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. 4) Which of the following is not a criterion genetic material must meet in order to function as a blueprint for the construction of living organisms? a) The genetic material must contain the information necessary to construct an entire organism. b) The genetic material must be robust and maintain its integrity in diverse conditions. c) The genetic material must be passed from parent to offspring. d) The genetic material must be accurately copied. e) The genetic material must contain variation. 5) Place the following components of DNA in order from least to most complex: i) double helix; ii) nucleotide; iii) genome; iv) chromosome ; v) single DNA strand a) i, ii, iii, iv, v b) ii, i, v, iv, iii c) ii, v, i, iii, iv d) ii, v, i, iv, iii

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

6) Scientists initially focused on proteins as the potential genetic material. Why was this? a) Proteins are more stable than DNA and can withstand a greater range of temperatures. b) Proteins appeared to be more complex than DNA, given that proteins are made up of 20 different types of amino acids and can adopt a wide range of three-dimensional structures. c) Proteins have a greater diversity than DNA with respect to their enzymatic functions. d) Proteins are less stable than DNA and are more reactive due to their enzymatic functions. 7) Thymine is to DNA as uracil is to________. a) DNA b) RNA c) Adenine d) Guanine e) Thymine 8) What comprises the backbone of a DNA stand? a) Nitrogenous bases joined together by phosphodiester bonds. b) Sugar and phosphate molecules joined together by hydrogen bonds. c) Nitrogenous bases joined together by hydrogen bonds. d) Sugar and phosphate molecules joined together by phosphodiester bonds. 9) Adherence to the AT/GC rule is a critical component of DNA replication because it enables the replicated DNA molecules to____________. a) retain the same level of stability as the parent molecule. b) retain the same base sequences as the parent molecule. c) retain the same double helical structure as the parent molecule. d) retain the same directionality as the parent molecule. 10) Which of the following proteins is not involved in facilitating the formation and movement of a replication fork? a) DNA helicase b) Single-strand binding proteins c) DNA polymerase d) DNA topoisomerase 11) Which of the following cell types is least likely to have high levels of telomerase? a) A germ-line cell. b) A rapidly dividing somatic cell. c) A nondividing somatic cell. d) All of the above cell types will have equal levels of telomerase.

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

12) What is the broad meaning of “transformation?” a) The transfer of proteins from the environment to bacteria. b) The transfer of proteins from bacteria to the environment. c) The transfer of genetic material from bacteria to the environment. d) The transfer of genetic material from the environment to bacteria. 13) Match the researchers below with the correct discovery. i) Hershey and Chase ii) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty iii) Griffith a- Showed that DNA is the genetic material responsible for transformation in bacteria. b- Showed that bacteria can take up genetic information from their environment by a “transformation principle.” c- Showed that DNA is the genetic material of T2 bacteriophage. a) b) c) d) e)

i-a, ii-b, iii-c i-b, ii-a, iii-c i-c, ii-b, iii-a i-c, ii-a, iii-b i-a, ii-c, iii-b

14) What determines the directionality of DNA strands? a) The orientation of the sugar molecules within the DNA strand. b) The orientation of the bases within the DNA strand. c) The orientation of the phosphate molecules within the DNA strand. d) The orientation of the nucleotides within the DNA strand. 15) What is the underlying reason for the AT/GC rule for DNA base pair binding? a) The AT/GC rule derives from optimization of phosphodiester bonding when a purine binds to a pyrimidine. b) The AT/GC rule derives from optimization of hydrogen bonding when a purine binds to a pyrimidine. c) The AT/GC rule derives from optimization of hydrogen bonding when a purine binds to a purine, and a pyrimidine binds to a pyrimidine. d) The AT/GC rule derives from optimization of phosphodiester bonding when a purine binds to a purine, and a pyrimidine binds to a pyrimidine. 16) What is the complementary DNA strand to: 5’-ATTGCCGTA-3’ a) 5’-TAACGGCAT-3’ b) 5’-UAACGGCAU-3’ c) 5’-TACGGCAAT-3’ d) 5’-UACGGCAAU-3’

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

17) Which protein below is incorrectly matched with its function? a) DNA helicase - separates double-stranded DNA into single strands. b) Topoisomerase - twists the DNA double helix. c) RNA primase - synthesizes short RNA primers. d) DNA ligase - covalently attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments. 18) Which of the following is not a function of DNA polymerase? a) Synthesis of DNA in the leading strand. b) Synthesis of DNA in the lagging strand. c) Removal of RNA primers. d) Repair of damaged DNA. e) All of the above are functions of DNA polymerase. 19) Which of the following statements about telomerase is incorrect? a) Telomerase is present in germ-line cells. b) Telomerase is present in rapidly dividing somatic cells. c) The expression of telomerase prevents telomere shortening. d) The expression of telomerase prevents cell division. e) Telomerase binds to the telomere repeat sequence and synthesizes a sinucleotide repeat. 20) Which of the following series depicts the correct sequence of events that occurs during DNA replication? (ss = single strand, primase) a) DNA polymerase --> helicase --> primase --> ss binding proteins b) Helicase --> ss binding proteins --> primase --> DNA polymerase c) Helicase --> ss binding proteins --> DNA polymerase --> primase d) Helicase --> primase --> ss binding proteins --> DNA polymerase e) Primase --> helicase --> ss binding proteins --> DNA polymerase 21) Which of these was considered conclusive evidence in establishing DNA as the molecule encoding hereditary information? a) Fredrick Griffith’s work on R and S strains of pneumonia b) Gregor Mendel’s work on pea plants c) Erwin Chagraff’s observation that DNA composition is species specific (A=T, G=C, etc.) d) Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray studies on the structure of DNA e) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s work on T2 bacteriophages using radioactive isotopes (S-35 and P-32) 22) At each replication fork in DNA synthesis the following are true EXCEPT? a) Two helicase enzymes can be found. b) Many Okazaki fragments exist. c) A number of RNA-primers (primase) can be found.

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

d) There are two leading strands present (there's only one leading strand and one lagging strand at each replication fork) e) DNA-ligase enzymes covalently seal DNA fragments. 23) A researcher discovers a new type of virus with single-stranded DNA as genetic material. After chromatographic analysis of base composition, the viral DNA is found to have 8% adenine. What is the percent cytosine of the DNA in question? a) 8% b) 16% c) 24% d) 42% e) impossible to determine, insufficient information 24) Watson and Crick published their results in: a) 1912 in Scientific American b) 1945 in Science c) 1953 in Nature d) 1968 in New England Journal of Medicine e) 1998 in Dawson Research Journal of Experimental Science (DRJES) 25) DNA replication at the ends of linear chromosomes requires the special enzyme telomerase because _____. a) DNA polymerase cannot copy all the way to the end of the leading strand b) removal of the last RNA primer on the lagging strand leaves a recessed end that the DNA polymerase cannot fill c) the ends contain repeated DNA sequences that DNA polymerase cannot copy d) the ends contain special histone proteins that inhibit DNA polymerase 26) Which list is ordered from largest to smallest in size? a) DNA molecule, nucleotide, chromosome, gene b) Nucleotide, DNA molecule, gene, chromosome c) Chromosome, DNA molecule, gene, nucleotide d) Gene, nucleotide, DNA molecule, chromosome 27) A scientist must test the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax, for resistance to the antibiotic Cipro. Yet she has no Cipro. How could she test the strain for resistance to Cipro in its absense? a) Infect a person with the bacterium, and see if the person develops symptoms of anthrax. b) Infect a person with the bacterium, and see if the person becomes resistant to Cipro. c) Compare the genome (DNA) of the strain under study with that of a Ciproresistant strain and a nonresistant strain.

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

d) Compare the proteome (proteins) of a Cipro-resistant strain of Bacillus anthracis and that of a nonresistant strain. 28) If a bacterium causes pneumonia, what would you expect of its offspring? a) They would also cause pneumonia. b) They would lose the ability to cause pneumonia. c) They would die of pneumonia. d) They would infect other bacteria with pneumonia. 29) You know the nucleotide sequence of only one strand of DNA: ATGCCGAATCGATCCA. How many total thymine nucleotides were in the original double strand of DNA? a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 10 30) How can only four nucleotide bases code for the vast number of proteins in living organisms? a) The four bases are translated differently in different organisms. b) There are billions of possible combinations of sequences of the four nucleotides. c) All organisms have the same proteins. d) Mutations make the meaning of the nucleotides different from their normal meaning.

Short Answer 1- DNA Replication proteins – Match the protein with its function Unwinds double helix __E__ Builds a new DNA strand ___A____ Prevents the double helix from reforming __G__ Alleviates excess coiling of double helix ___F___ Replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA ___C____ Adds and RNA primer ___B____ Glues DNA segments together 2- Describe the purpose of PCR

D

A. DNA Polymerase III B. Primase C. DNA Polymerase I D. Ligase E. Helicase F. Topoisomerase G. Single Strand Binding Proteins

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

Amplify (copy) specific sections of DNA

Transcription & Translation 31) What is the order of steps in the transcription process? a) Initiation, elongation, termination b) Initiation, termination, elongation c) Elongation, initiation, termination d) Elongation, termination, initiation 32) How does initiation of transcription begin? a) DNA polymerase finds a promoter region and binds, causing the DNA double helix to unwind. b) RNA polymerase finds a promoter region and binds, causing the DNA double helix to unwind. c) DNA synthase finds a promoter region and binds, causing the DNA double helix to unwind. d) RNA synthase finds a promoter region and binds, causing the DNA double helix to unwind. 33) How does the synthesis of mRNA differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a) In eukaryotes, protein production occurs in the same place as transcription. b) Prokaryotes have noncoding portions of DNA. c) Eukaryotes have to splice out noncoding portions of their transcript before translation. d) Genes for a complete metabolic pathway occur end to end in eukaryotic chromosomes and are transcribed together. 34) In eukaryotes, a single strand of nucleotides leaves the nucleus. This strand includes: a) DNA b) Introns c) Exons d) Polymerase 35) Parietal cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), whereas neurons in the brain do not. Which of the following statements is correct? a) Parietal cells and neurons both contain the gene for HCl production and secretion. b) Only parietal cells contain the gene for HCl production and secretion. c) HCl gets produced in both parietal cells and neurons, but it only gets secreted by parietal cells. d) Only neurons contain the gene for HCl production and secretion.

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

36) In eukaryotes, which of the following occurs first? a) Translation b) Transcription c) Entry of the mRNA into the cytosol d) RNA processing 37) Which of the following statements about transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is incorrect? a) In prokaryotes, transcription and translation take place at approimately the same time in the same location. b) In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place at different times in different locations. c) In prokaryotes, RNA processing occurs after transcription has finished. d) In eukaryotes, RNA processing occurs in the nucleus. 38) Which of the following statements about transcription is correct? a) In transcription, DNA polymerase uses a DNA template to make RNA. b) In transcription, RNA polymerase uses a DNA template to make RNA. c) In transcription, DNA polymerase uses a RNA template to make DNA. d) In transcription, RNA polymerase uses a RNA template to make DNA. 39) The outcome of transcription is the _________. a) synthesis of a DNA molecule. b) synthesis of a RNA molecule. c) synthesis of a polypeptide. a) Synthesis of a hormone 40) RNA polymerase synthesizes the RNA transcript in a _______ direction as it slides along the DNA template in a ______ direction. a) 5’-3’; 5’-3’ b) 3’-5’; 3’-5’ c) 5’-3’; 3’-5’ d) 3’-5’; 5’-3’ 41) Which of the following occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes? a) Transcription b) RNA processing c) Translation d) a and b e) All of the above 42) Which of the following are transcribed but not translated? a) Introns b) Eons

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

c) Poly A tail d) 5’ cap 43) Which of the following is not encoded in the gene (DNA) sequence? a) Introns b) Eons c) Poly A tail d) 5’ and 3’ splice sites 44) Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true? a) More than one codon can specify the same amino acid. b) One codon can specify more than one amino acid. c) Both statements are true. d) Neither statement is true. 45) Which of the following statements is true? a) The stop codon is 3’ to the start codon. b) The start codon is 5’ to the ribosomal binding site. c) The stop codon is 5’ to the ribosomal binding site. d) The start codon is 3’ to the stop codon. 46) Which of the following forms part of a ribosome? a) mRNA b) rRNA c) tRNA d) amino acid 47) What enzymes are responsible for attaching an amino acid to a tRNA molecule? a) Aminoacyl-proteases b) RNA polymerases c) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases d) DNA polymerases 48) Which of the following participants of translation is not produced from a DNA template? a) mRNA b) tRNA c) rRNA d) Amino acids e) 3 and 4 49) True or false: the assembly of ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and the first tRNA requires an input of energy. a) True b) False

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

50) What amino acid is always carried by the initiator tRNA? a) Serine b) Methionine c) Proline d) The initiator tRNA does not carry and amino acid. 51) During the termination stage of translation, a(n) __________ enters the A site. a) tRNA b) Release factor c) Amino acid d) 50S subunit 52) If the mRNA transcript AUGCGCUGCAAU were to leave the nucleus and undergo translation at a ribosome, what would be the sequence of anticodons translating this nucleotide into protein? a) TACGCGACGTTA b) ATGCGCTGCAAT c) AUGCGCUGCAAU d) UACGCGACGUUA 53) Where does protein synthesis occur? a) In the nucleus b) On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum outside the nucleus c) On the ribosomes inside the nucleus d) On the ribosomes outside the nucleus 54) Which of the following types of RNA is involved with translation? a) mRNA b) rRNA c) snRNA d) All of the above e) Only two of the above 55) A mutation changes the DNA template strand from ACGTATTCGAT to GTATTCGAT. Will this mutation wreak havoc on the production of the protein? a) No. There will be no change in the protein produced. b) No. It will produce a protein that is different only at one amino acid. c) Yes. This mutation will alter the reading of the entire protein instruction. d) No. It will produce a protein that is functionally equivalent to the original protein.

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

56) How can one gene be used in the production of a variety of proteins? a) Mutations in the DNA transcript allow for many different proteins to be produced. b) The splicing of the mRNA to form alternative transcripts allows for different proteins to be made. c) There are similar copies of a gene in many different chromosomes. d) One gene produces only one protein, but mutations in the protein lead to the production of a new protein. 57) Why do antibiotics like streptomycin and neomycin kill bacterial, but not human, cells? a) These antibiotics actually do kill off some human cells, but they are not missed. b) Human cells quickly replicate to replace the cells that are killed off by these antibiotics, but bacterial cells do not. c) These antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis of the bacterial, but not human, ribosomes. d) These antibiotics act as lysosomes, digesting bacterial, but not human, cells. 58) A patient with the metabolic disorder phenylketonuria does not produce phenyalanine hydroxylase, whereas a patient with the metabolic disorder tyrosinosis does not produce hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase. Which of the following statements is correct? a) The two patients have the same genomes, but have different proteins. b) The two patients have the same proteins, but have different genomes. c) The two patients have the same genomes and have the same proteins. d) The two patients have different genomes and have different proteins. 59) True or false: A single gene always encodes for a single protein. a) True b) False 60) Which event occurs during the elongation phase of transcription? a) Production of an RNA transcript. b) Binding of sigma factor to RNA polymerase. c) Release of RNA polymerase from the DNA template. d) Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. 61) If the DNA template is 5’-AATGGTCG-3’, what is the RNA transcript that is produced by RNA polymerase? a) 5’-TTACCAGC-3’ b) 5’-UUACCAGC-3’ c) 5’-CGACCATT-3’

General Biology II Practice Multiple Choice Questions – Nucleic Acids

101-BZE-05

d) 5’-CGACCAUU-3’ 62) Which strand of DNA does RNA polymerase bind to? a) The coding strand. b) The non coding strand. c) Both the coding strand and the noncoding strand. 63) True or false: The process of transcription and translation of a single gene will always lead to the same protein product. a) True b) False 64) What is the main function of the spliceosome? a) To enable the mRNA to bind to a ribosome for translation. b) To allow the mRNA transcript to exit the nucleus. c) To remove introns from the mRNA transcript. d) To stabilize the mRNA transcript and prevent degradation. 65) Which of ...