Biol 214 Quiz\'s PDF

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These are all the online quizzes we had from this semester!...

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Biology 214 Quiz Questions and Answers Learning Catalytics Quiz #1 1. A scientist collects a sample of flowers from a population in a single field, and obtained 69 White (WW), 214 Pink (Ww) and 32 red (ww). What is the genotype frequency of Ww? a. 0.679 2. What is the genotype frequency of ww? a. 0.1 3. What is the allele frequency of W? a. 0.558 4. Consider the MN blood group. In a certain population there are 26 MM individuals, 68 MN individuals, and 106 NN individuals. What is the genotype frequency of the heterozygotes? a. 0.34 5. Populations can have the same allele frequencies but different genotype frequencies. a. True Learning Catalytics Quiz #2 1. Which of the following is not a possible effect of a point mutation? a. no effect on the translated protein b. disrupt an existing start or stop codon c. cause a new start or stop codon d. alter the amino acid that is incorporated e. none of the above (all of the above ARE possible effets of point mutations) 2. For a single locus with only two alleles, the highest frequency of heterozygotes occurs when: a. whenever a locus is polymorphic b. when the frequencies of the two alleles are very different c. when the frequencies of the two alleles are identical (0.5) d. none of the above 3. What was the idea that Thomas Multhus introduced that was very important in Darwin's thinking about how evolution by natural selection would work? a. Because resources are limited in the world, populations cannot grow without limit

b. Acquired traits cannot be passed on from one generation to the next c. Organisms are best suited for the environments in which they live d. For most species, population growth is unlimited e. Darwin was unfamiliar with Malthus’ ideas, so none of the above is correct 4. Which of the following was the example discussed in class about the idea that structure-function relationships are a result of evolution? a. the convergent evolution of body form among fast-swimming vertebrates such as large bony fish, some sharks, and toothed whales b. the size of trees versus the sizes of their leaves c. the size of a bird's body versus the size of its wings d. the size of a frog's hindlegs versus the size of its body e. none of the above 5. Two populations can have the same allele frequencies but different genotype frequencies. a. True

Learning Catalytics Quiz #3 1. Allozyme techniques cannot detect synonymous substitutions, and therefore may underestimate genetic diversity a. true 2. In Australian banjo frogs, there are three phenotypes: Green, Brown/green, and Brown. The green phenotype is homozygous dominant and the Brown/Green phenotype is heterozygous. In a sample of 672 frogs, 336 were green, and 235 were Brown/green. What are the genotype frequencies (in the order AA, Aa, aa)? a. 0.5,0.35,0.15 3. In Australian banjo frogs, there are three phenotypes: Green, Brown/green, and Brown. The green phenotype is homozygous dominant and the Brown/Green phenotype is heterozygous. In a sample of 672 frogs, 336 were green, and 235 were Brown/green. a. 0.675,0.325 4. A neutral marker is one which is not undergoing any a. Selection 2. Transversions occur with a higher probability than transitions a. False

Learning Catalytics Quiz #4 1. A base position along a DNA sequence is potentially phylogenetically informative if: a. Only if it is variable among members of the ingroup 2. The use of outgroups permits us to a. Determine whether a trait is derived or 'primitive' b. Determine the polarity of a character state 2. A simple isomorphic trait, also known as a 'primitive trait', is one that is a. Inherited in the same state from ancestors outside the ingroup 2. Consider the alignment below… how many haplotypes are there? ACGTTACGGTTTT ACG a. C 5. Consider the following situation. At a particular SNP, the outgroup has a C. all the members of the hypothesized ingroup A have a T. all the members of the hypothesized ingroup B have a C, except for one which has a T. Does this SNP distinguish ingroup A from the outgroup? a. No Learning Catalytics Quiz #5 1. Consider the MN blood group. In a certain population there are 26 MM individuals, 68 MN individuals, and 106 NN individuals. What are the genotype frequencies? a. 0.13, 0.34, 0.53 2. In a certain population there are 26 MM individuals, 68 MN individuals, and 106 NN individuals. Is this population in HWE? 1. first, calculate the genotype frequencies; MM: 26/200 = 0.13; MN: 68/200 = 0.34; NN: 106/200 = 0.53. (WE JUST DID IT IN QUESTION 1). 2. then calculate the allele frequencies; M=0.13 +1/2*0.34 = 0.30; N = 0.53 +1/2*0.34 = 0.7 a. Got it! 3. then, calculate the expected genotype frequencies under HWE: a. MMe= 0.09, MNe= 0.42, NNe= 0.49 4. NOW calculate the expected number of individuals of each genotype given those frequencies. (expected genotype frequencies * total sample size) a. 18, 84, 98 2. NOW compute the chi-squared test; is it in HWE? a. No Learning Catalytics Quiz #6 1. Occasionally, white bears appear in populations of the black bear in western Canada. White fur results from a recessive allele in a pigmentation gene. The dominant allele produces normal black pigmentation. A large number of bears was sampled and the gene was sequenced, giving the following numbers: BB: 42 Bb:24 bb 21. What are the expected genotype frequencies (the numbers in the answers are the frequencies of BB, Bb, and bb, respectively)? a. 0.62,0.241, 0.139 b. 0.62, 0.00, 0.38 c. 0.384, 0.471, 0.144

d. 0.62, 0.319, 0.061 e. none of the above 2. Compute a goodness of fit test to determine if the population is in HWE. What is the value of chi-square you obtained? a. 6.89 b. 3.18 c. 15.92 d. 14.66 e. 1.37 3. A large number of bears was sampled and the gene was sequenced, giving the following numbers: BB: 42 Bb:24 bb 21. Based on the sample stated in the question, what is the frequency of the recessive allele? a. 0.4827 b. 0.3793 c. 0.4913 d. 0.0194 e. none of the above

Learning Catalytics Quiz #7 1. When considering the effects of population size upon genetic drift, the smaller the population is, a. the slower the rate of drift b. the faster the rate of drift c. the more quickly one allele will go to fixation d. the more slowly an allele will go to fixation

e. a and c f.

b and c

g. b and d 2. What is the evidence that humans experienced a bottleneck? a. compared to our sister taxon, Pan, we exhibit lower genetic variation as evidenced by short branch lengths on a tree based on DNA sequence data b. compared to our sister taxon, Pan, and the outgroup Gorilla, we exhibit lower genetic variation as evidenced by short branch lengths on a tree based on DNA sequence data c. actually, there is no evidence that humans experienced a bottleneck 3. Compared with the other three evolutionary processes, mutation a. has similar effects on allele frequencies b. has larger effects on allele frequencies c. has smaller effects on allele frequences d. has no effects on allele frequencies 4. When sex ratios are skewed (that is, not 1:1), a. the effective population size is not affected b. the effective population size is increased c. the effective population size is decreased d. the effective population size is about the same size as the census size e. none of the above 5. Although inbreeding is not an evolutionary process, it can have important evolutionary consequences. Why? a. because it increases the frequency of heterozygotes b. because it increases the frequency of homozygous dominants, and they often exhibit reduced fitness c. because it increases the frequency of homozygous recessives, and they often exhibit reduced fitness d. none of the above

Learning Catalytics Quiz #8 1. You are consulted to provide advice about the design of a manned mission to Mars to establish a human colony there. Which of the following would give the highest effective population size? a. 12 men, 8 women b. 8 men, 12 women c. 11 men, 9 women d. 1 man, 19 women e. impossible to determine from the information provided 2. In which situation would there be the lowest frequency of heterozygotes? a. in a small population with equal sex ratios b. in a large population with skewed sex ratio c. in a very large population with even sex ratio d. in a small population with a biased sex ratio e. can’t tell from information provided 3. During our studies of HWE, we relaxed each assumption individually to assess how each evolutionary process (or non-random mating) would affect allele frequencies. However, we then noted that it is often the case that evolutionary processes (and non-random mating) operate together. Which of the following is not an example of this? a. Inbreeding and drift b. mutation-selection balance c. gene flow and selection d. random mating and drift e. none of the above 4. A dariy farmer does not want to have many bulls in the herd because they cost a lot to feed and they don't provide any milk. But he keeps one bull, since he still has to breed his cows to keep them producing new calves and milk. Suppose the herd on this farm has 100 cows and 1 bull. What is the effective population size (rounded to the nearest whole number)? a. 101 b. 26 c. 12 d. 1 e. 4 5. Now suppose another dairy farmer down the road has taken a class such as ours, and recognizes that having such a skewed sex ratio is not a good idea. She also does not want to maintain a bunch of bulls, but instead opts to using artifical insemination services to increase the effective population size in her herd. She has 100 cows, 1 bull, and gets artificial inseminations for her cows from 6 other bulls. What is the effective population size in her herd (rounded to the nearest whole number)? a. 107 b. 12 c. 26 d. 101 e. none of the above Learning Catalytics Quiz #9 1. Which of the following types of regressions yields 'clean' estiamtes of VA? (in other words, in which only VA (or some fraction of it) and no other factor is included in the slope). choose the single best answer

a. parent-offspring regression b. full-sib regression c. monozygotic twin regression d. half-sib regression e. a and b f.

b and c

g. a and d h. b and c i.

a and c

2. Heritibility is an estimate of a. the extent to which a quantitative trait is influenced by the environment shared between siblings b. the extent to which a quantitative trait has a genetic basis c. the amount of genetic variation that exists for a quantitative trait d. the extent to which a quantitative trait is influenced by the environment shared between parents and offspring 3. In looking at estimates of hetiability among many kinds of organsisms, for many kinds of traits, heritability is usually found to be a. to be very high (say, >0.8) b. to be very low (say, c. to be negligible d. to range from very low to very high 4. In general, we noticed that, compared to traits such as body size, heritabilities for reproductive output tend to be a. very low b. moderate c. high d. very high...