Biol 235 Unit 11 Sample Questions PDF

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Package Title: Testbank Course Title: PAP 14e Chapter Number: 11Question type: Multiple Choice Most muscles cross at least one a) tendon b) joint c) bone d) ligament e) body planeAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 11 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO ...

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Package Title: Testbank Course Title: PAP 14e Chapter Number: 11

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Most muscles cross at least one a) tendon b) joint c) bone d) ligament e) body plane Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.1 Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing body movements. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

2) The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone is called the _____; the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called the _____. a) origin, action b) insertion, action c) origin, insertion d) insertion, origin e) insertion, action Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.1 Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing body movements. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

3) A lever is acted on at two different points by two different forces which are called the a) fulcrum and resistance.

b) leverage and load. c) lever and resistance. d) effort and load. e) lever and effort. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

4) Motion will occur in a muscle when the _____ supplied exceeds the _____. a) effort, load b) resistance, lever c) load, effort d) load, resistance e) lever, effort Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

Question type: Essay

5) With reference to the effort and load, describe the main difference between a lever operating with a mechanical advantage versus a lever operating at a mechanical disadvantage. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements Solution: A lever operates at a mechanical advantage when a smaller effort can move a heavier load. The effort moves a greater distance at a faster rate than the load. A lever operates at a

mechanical disadvantage when a larger effort moves a lighter load. The effort moves more slowly and for a shorter distance than the load.

6) Briefly describe the three categories of levers based on the position of their fulcrum. Give an example of each type of lever and state whether the lever works at a mechanical advantage, disadvantage or both. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements Solution: If the fulcrum is between the effort and the load it is a first class lever. Scissors are an example of a first class lever. A first class lever can produce either a mechanical advantage or disadvantage depending on whether the effort or load is closer to the fulcrum. If the load is between the fulcrum and the effort, it is a second class lever. A wheel barrow is an example of a second class lever. They operate at a mechanical advantage because the load is always closer to the fulcrum than the effort. If the effort is between the fulcrum and the load, it is a third class lever. Forceps are an example of a third class lever. They operate at a mechanical disadvantage because the effort is always closer to the fulcrum than the load.

Question type: Multiple Choice

7) Which of the following is NOT a common arrangement of muscle fascicles? a) pennate b) triangular c) oval d) parallel e) fusiform Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.3 Identify the types of fascicle arrangements in a skeletal muscle, and relate the arrangements to strength of contraction and range of motion. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

8) This type of fascicle arrangement has the fascicles spread over a broad area and converges at a thick central tendon. a) triangular b) pennate c) circular d) fusiform e) multipennate Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.3 Identify the types of fascicle arrangements in a skeletal muscle, and relate the arrangements to strength of contraction and range of motion. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

9) The muscle that serves as the “prime mover” during a movement is called the a) antagonist. b) agonist. c) synergist. d) asynergist. e) fixator. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.4 Explain how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator in a muscle group work together to produce movement. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

10) This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more efficiently. a) synergist b) agonist c) antagonist d) fixator e) secondary mover Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.4 Explain how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator in a muscle group work together to produce movement. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

Question type: Essay

11) Briefly describe four main benefits of stretching before exercising. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.1 Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing body movements. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements Solution: Stretching can improve physical performance by increasing joint flexibility allowing the joint to move through a greater range of motion. Stretching decreases risk of injury by decreasing resistance in various soft tissues so there is less of a chance of exceeding maximum tissue extensibility during activity. Stretching can reduce some of the muscle soreness that results after exercise. Stretching can help realign soft tissues to improve and maintain good posture.

Question type: Multiple Choice

12) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic commonly used to name skeletal muscles? a) Size b) Shape c) Number of origins d) Sites of origins e) Thickness of fibers Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.2 Explain seven features used in naming skeletal muscles. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.2 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named

Question type: Essay

13) What anatomical structures of the musculoskeletal system correspond to the components of a lever system? Describe the arrangement of these parts in first, second, and third class lever systems. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements Solution: The bone is the lever. The joint is the fulcrum. The muscle contraction pulling on its insertion point is the effort. The weight of the part to be moved is the resistance. A first class lever has the fulcrum between the effort and the resistance; a second class lever has the resistance in the middle; the third class lever has the effort in the middle. In all cases, the lever moves around the fulcrum.

14) Discuss the roles of agonists, antagonists, synergists, and fixators in movement. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.4 Explain how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator in a muscle group work together to produce movement. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements Solution: The agonist (prime mover) contracts to cause a particular movement. The antagonist causes the opposite action, and so, must relax while the agonist contracts. Synergists prevent unwanted movements during an action or aid the agonist during the movement, while fixators stabilize the origin of the agonist. Both allow the agonist to work more efficiently.

15) Chuck has a rotator cuff injury. Which muscles and associated structures are most commonly involved in this type of injury? What sorts of activities commonly cause this injury? Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.15 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the thorax that move the pectoral humerus. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.L Muscles of the Thorax and Shoulder That Move the Humerus Solution: The tendon of the scapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor make up the rotator cuff. The most commonly injured structure of the rotator cuff is the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle. Any activity involving vigorous circumduction of shoulder can result in a

rotor cuff injury. Common examples of activities that lead to this injury include throwing baseballs, playing racket sports, and swimming.

16) Name the three groups of muscles constituting the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Briefly describe the structure and function of each of these groups. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.18 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the palm that move the digits (the intrinsic muscles of the hand). Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.O Muscles of the Palm That Move the Digits—Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand Solution: 1. Thenar: four muscles that act on the thumb and form the lateral rounded contour of the palm. 2. Hypothenar: three muscles that act on the little finger and form the medial rounded contour of the palm. 3. Intermediate: 12 muscles acting on all digits except the thumb; subgrouped as lumbricals, palmar interossei, and dorsal interossei, and located between metacarpals; needed for all phalangeal movements.

17) Name and describe the locations and actions of the muscles typically used in breathing. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.11 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the thorax that assist in breathing. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.H Muscles of the Thorax That Assist in Breathing Solution: The diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity. It flattens (contracts) during inspiration to increase the size of the thoracic cavity. The external intercostals are found between the ribs and they act to increase the lateral and anteroposterior dimensions of the thorax. Internal intercostals are also found between ribs and they act by pulling the ribs together to decrease the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm relaxes during expiration to form a dome that decreases the size of the thoracic cavity. The anterior scalenes and the pectoralis minor also assist during forced inspirations.

Question type: Multiple Choice

18) In the diagram, where is the fulcrum?

a) A b) B c) C d) All of these choices e) None of these choices Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

19) In the diagram, where is the effort?

a) A b) B c) C d) All of these choices e) None of these choices Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

20) Which one represents a second-class lever?

a) A b) B c) C d) All of these choices e) None of these choices Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement. Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load. Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

21) Where is the latissimus dorsi?

a) A b) B c) F d) G e) I Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.15 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the thorax that move the humerus. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.L Muscles of the Thorax and Shoulder That Move the Humerus

22) Where is the rectus femoris?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) I Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.21 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles that move the femur, tibia, and fibula. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.R Muscles of the Thigh That Move the Femur and Tibia and Fibula

23) Where is the deltoid?

a) C b) D c) F d) G e) I Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.15 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the thorax that move the humerus. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.L Muscles of the Thorax and Shoulder That Move the Humerus

24) Where is the masseter?

a) A b) B c) G d) I e) E Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.6 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles that move the mandible and assist in mastication and speech. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.C Muscles That Move the Mandible and Assist in Mastication and Speech

25) Where is the gastrocnemius?

a) C b) D c) G d) H e) I Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.22 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.S Muscles of the Leg That Move the Foot and Toes

26) Where is the soleus?

a) A b) C c) E d) I e) H Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.22 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.S Muscles of the Leg That Move the Foot and Toes

27) Where is the external oblique?

a) D b) G c) H d) I e) E Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.10 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles that protect the abdominal viscera and move the vertebral column. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.G Muscles of the Abdomen That Protect Abdominal Viscera and Move the Vertebral Column

28) Where is the masseter?

a) A b) B c) F d) G e) H Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.6 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles that move the mandible and assist in mastication and speech. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.C Muscles That Move the Mandible and Assist in Mastication and Speech

29) Where is the orbicularis oculi?

a) D b) E c) F d) G e) H Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.4 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of facial expression. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.A Muscles of the Head That Produce Facial Expressions

30) Where is the buccinator?

a) F b) G c) I d) J e) K Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.4 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of facial expression. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.A Muscles of the Head That Produce Facial Expressions

31) Where is the mentalis?

a) J b) K c) L d) M e) N Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.4 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of facial expression. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.A Muscles of the Head That Produce Facial Expressions

32) Where is the depressor anguli oris?

a) K b) L c) M d) N e) None of these choices Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.4 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of facial expression. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.A Muscles of the Head That Produce Facial Expressions

33) Where is the levator palpebrae superioris?

a) B b) D c) E d) F e) G Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.5 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the extrinsic eye muscles that move the eyeballs and upper eyelids. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.B Muscles That Move the Eyeballs (Extrinsic Eye Muscles) and Upper Eyelids

34) Where is the lateral rectus?

a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.5 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the extrinsic eye muscles that move the eyeballs and upper eyelids. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.B Muscles That Move the Eyeballs (Extrinsic Eye Muscles) and Upper Eyelids

35) Where is the splenius capitis?

a) A b) B c) C d) K e) L Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.9 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles that move the head. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.F Muscles of the Neck That Move the Head

36) Where is the levator scapulae?

a) H b) F c) I d) L e) A Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.14 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the thorax that move the pectoral girdle. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.K Muscles of the Thorax That Move the Pectoral Girdle

37) Where is the serratus anterior?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) G Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.14 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the thorax that move the pectoral girdle. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.K Muscles of the Thorax That Move the Pectoral Girdle

38) Where is the external oblique?

a) D b) E c) F d) H e) I Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.10 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles that protect the abdominal viscera and move the vertebral column. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.G Muscles of the Abdomen That Protect Abdominal Viscera and Move the Vertebral Column

39) Where is the transverse abdominus?

a) D b) E c) F d) H e) I Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.10 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles that protect the abdominal viscera and move the vertebral column. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 11.G Muscles of the Abdomen That Protect Abdominal Viscera and Move the Vertebral Column

40) Where is the infraspinatus?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 11.15 Describe the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the muscles of the thora...