BIOL 412 Quiz 2 Review- Prof Burger PDF

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BIO 412 REVIEW QUIZ 2 1. Q. The concept of evolution (the development of more complex living organisms from simpler ones) has been known the ancient Greeks. What was the prevailing view of evolution of living organisms up to the end of the 18th century? A. - Aristotle -> came up with concept called "Scala Naturae" -> scale of nature -Organisms that consisted of forms that were simple and also complex - "Ladder of Life" -> as you go up ladder - get more complex organisms increasing complexity (Top=God) - Species were created, fixed, and unchanged -> Rung of ladder - always be there and never move up or down - Each kind of organism has within it an innate (drive) tendency to perfection (to become more complex) 2. Q. Carolus Linnaeus was the first naturalist to systematically classify living organisms with a consistent system of binomial nomenclature. What was Linnaeus' view of the origin of organismic diversity? A. Bionomen Nomenclature - name for each different species of organism (Genus=Homo, Species=Sapiens) - Listing of names was published in Systema Naturae (1758) 3. Q. Jean Baptiste Lamark is constantly belittled for his ideas regarding the inheritance of adaptations in living organisms. What major contributions did he make to the concept of evolution of living organisms of time? What were the weaknesses of his ideas? A. - Coined the term Biology in 1809 - If environments are changing then how are species fixed? - Believed that ancient species evolved into what we see today - One theory of J.B. Lamarck, namely the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. - Characters are acquired during the life of an organism, and are suppose to be passed on to the offspring. In the most popular for, USE-Inheritance, Lamarckism allows the cumulative addition of bodily modifications created by a new behavior pattern adopted by the organism - 1.) Earth is very old (millions of years) - 2.) He viewed species as variable populations (were not fixed and unchanging) - Complex organisms evolve from simpler ones - Adaption from the environment was a primary produce of change through time. - PROBLEM: His ideas were vague, no mechanism for change through time - Much more correct if remembered for nature of change through time (giraffes get longer necks through time)

4. Q. How did naturalists of the 19th century up to the time Charles Darwin wrote the "Origins" view the mechanism and process of evolution in living organism? A. – “Special Creation” All believed in some kind of guiding force that moved evolution down particular pathways -> guiding force was God - "Unconscious biological urge" - something within organism that directs it to a particular evolutionary pathway...