BIOS251 - Chapter 3 Outline PDF

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CHAPTER 3 OUTLINE – Wiethop Sept 2018 There are __________ major parts to a cell: 1. ___________________________________ 2. ___________________________________ 3. ___________________________________

THE PLASMA MEMBRANE The plasma membrane is made up of a ____________________ ___________________. Intermixed inside of the membrane are proteins. Those proteins are divided into two groups: 1. Integral proteins: ____________________________________________________ 2. Peripheral proteins: __________________________________________________ There are several functions of a membrane proteins: (what are they functions; are they integral or transmembrane proteins?) 1. Ion channel: ____________________________________________ ______________ 2. Carrier: ________________________________________________ ______________ 3. Receptor: ______________________________________________ ______________ 4. Enzyme: _______________________________________________ ______________

5. Linker: ________________________________________________ ______________ 6. Cell Identity Marker: _____________________________________ ______________ The ability to move proteins around the bilayer is known as: _______________ ____________? ______________ ________________: the cell membrane will only allow certain molecules to enter or exit the cell. A _______________ _________________ is the difference in chemical concentration on each side of the plasma membrane. A _______________ _________________ is the difference in ion concentration on each side of the plasma membrane. Together, those gradients make up an ___________________________ __________________. Transport processes across a cell membrane are: Passive processes _______________ ___________________ _______________ ___________________ ____________________ Active processes _____________ and _______________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ SIMPLE DIFFUSION _____________________ is the movements of chemicals across a membrane from an area of _______________ concentration to an area of _______________ concentration.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What factors influence diffusion? _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ DRAW SIMPLE DIFFUSION (Cup example)

The movement across a membrane via use of transmembrane proteins that are too polar or too highly charged to move through the lipid bilayer: ____________________ ________________.

Energy derived from ____________ changes the shape of a transporter protein which pumps a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient is known as: ________________ _____________________.

Exocytosis: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Transcytosis: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

CYTOPLASM Divided into 2 components: 1. _____________________ - also known as the intracellular fluid portion of the cytoplasm. 2. _____________________ - the specialized structures that have specific shapes and perform specific functions.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

__________________________: occurs in the nucleus. The process by which genetic info encoded in __________ is copies into a strand of __________ to direct protein synthesis.

__________________________: occurs in the nucleus and is the process of reading __________ nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of the newly formed protein.

CELL DIVISION A human cell divides via ____________________, which is broken down into the following phases: A.)___________________________: chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane disappears and centrosomes move to the opposite poles

B.)____________________________: centromeres of chromosomes line up at the ______________________ plate

C.)____________________________: centromeres of chromosomes split and sister chromatids move toward opposite poles of the cell

D.)____________________________: the mitotic spindle dissolves, chromosomes regain their chromatin appearance, and a new nuclear membrane forms

E.)____________________________: a cleavage furrow forms and eventually the cytoplasm of the patent cell fully splits

CONTROL OF CELL DESTINY Three possible destinies: 1. ________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________ REPRODUCTIVE CELL DIVISION Reproductive cells divide via: _________________________________

AGING AND CELLS As we age, our cells: 1. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Cancer:...