BIOS256 week 1 case study digestive system PDF

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Summary

study the digestion system relating to organs and anatomy of the Upper and lower GI tract....

Description

1.

Outline the path that a bolus of food would take from the mouth to the duodenum. This should include any sphincters. Mouth, food starts to move through your GI tract when you eat. When you swallow, your tongue pushes the food into your throat. A small flap of tissue, called the epiglottis, folds over your windpipe to prevent choking and the food passes into your esophagus. Esophagus, once you begin swallowing, the process becomes automatic. Your brain signals the muscles of the esophagus and peristalsis begins. Lower esophageal sphincter, when food reaches the end of your esophagus, a ringlike muscle— called the lower esophageal sphincter —relaxes and lets food pass into your stomach. This sphincter usually stays closed to keep what’s in your stomach from flowing back into your esophagus. Stomach, after food enters your stomach, the stomach muscles mix the food and liquid with digestive juices. The stomach slowly empties its contents, called chyme, into your small intestine. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine

2.

Describe the digestive function of each of the areas of the upper GI tract that are mentioned in Q1. Mouth, the intake of food Esophagus, transport material from the mouth to the stomach, and to prevent GER by providing an important barrier, that is the lower LES, to the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. Lower esophageal sphincter allows food transit from the esophagus into the stomach and prevents the reflux of gastric contents back into the esophagus. Stomach aids in digestion that holds food while it’s being mixed with stomach enzymes. These enzymes continue to break down into usable form. Cells in the lining of the stomach secrete a strong acid and powerful enzyme that are responsible for the break down process.

Duodenum, the main role of the duodenum is to complete the first phase of digestion. It’s largely responsible for continues breaking down process. It is the first segment of the small

intestine. It produces hormones and receives secretions from the liver and pancreas (pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes).

3.

Describe the anatomical problem that causes gastroesophageal reflux. Food pauses briefly before entering the stomach because of a constriction called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES prevents stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus, thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the erosive effect of stomach acid. “Heartburn” is the burning sensation produced by acid reflux into the esophagus. When this does not close properly, stomach contents flows backward causing gastroesophageal reflux.

4.

5.

Research to find out the names of 2 medications that are used to treat GERD. Lansoprazole and Pantoprazole

How does each of these medications work to relieve symptoms? Prevacid (lansoprazole) is a proton pump inhibitor. Lansoprazole decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Prevacid is used to treat and prevent stomach and intestinal ulcers, erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid), and other conditions involving excessive stomach. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Pantoprazole is used to treat erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD) in adults and children who are at least 5 years old. Pantoprazole is usually given for up to 8 weeks at a time while your esophagus heals.

References Drugs.com. (n.d.). Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side Effects. Drugs.com. https://www.drugs.com/ Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N. (2021). Anatomy & physiology: the unity of form and function. McGraw-Hill Education

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, December). Your Digestive System & How it Works. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-howit-works....