BPM 107 Exam Topics - Summary Construction IT & Building Information Modeling PDF

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duBPM 107 Exam TopicsVarious models across the Construction stages Conceptual model  Documentation model  Design model  Structural Model  MEP Model  Construction model  As-Built ModelWhat is BIM? BIM is a reliable shared knowledge resource for information about a facility to make decisions d...

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duBPM 107 Exam Topics Various models across the Construction stages       

Conceptual model Documentation model Design model Structural Model MEP Model Construction model As-Built Model

What is BIM?  BIM is a reliable shared knowledge resource for information about a facility to make decisions during its life-cycle, from conception to demolition  BIM is a new approach to describe and display the information required for the design, construction and operation of constructed facilities  It is used to compliment any building project lifecycle, Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Civil construction projects.  It acts as a platform for bringing professionals in a project together to collaborate effectively instead of working in silos

BIM Workflow 3D Model Visualization

Plans

Sections

Elevations

Advantages of BIM (‘EPMARI’) • • • •

Expand Business Opportunities Payment validations Multi-directional modelling Automation

• Reduced reworks and errors • Improved collaboration, decision-making and productivity Disadvantages of BIM (‘CCBHL’) • • • • •

Complex and tedious Competency in software required Benefits take time to surface High investment and initial cost Lack of domain expertise

Ways for BIM Adoption Companies should develop their own priorities and strategies to strengthen their current market position and develop new opportunities based on their current capabilities.

a) Top-down Most senior persons (CEO) in the company attends conventions by regulatory bodies and gives direction to implement BIM in his company.

b) Bottom-up Technical level staff uses BIM for most of his work and recommends BIM to his immediate higher ups to implement it.

c) Parallel The company runs both the current (AutoCAD) and BIM processes together and managed by two different teams to access productivity and identify which is better. However, it is an expensive solution. d) Organic Mixture of Top-down, bottom-up and parallel.

1. BIM Roadmap (Directional guide) It is done to establish a framework An example, is when BCA wanted to implement BIM into the built environment. To achieve their goal, they created a type of guideline to aid the industry, which is a way of direction.

2. BIM Implementation Plan/BIM Deployment Plan Strategic plan on how to spend funds to implement BIM and what are the software licenses that are going to be bought. It is to draft out an organizational direction and

‘BIP/BDP’ Sections

1) BIM Vision  Company’s direction, commitment, goals, vision and milestones on BIM

2) BIM Committee (Roles)  Roles and responsibilities of members who will be executing the BIM adoption programme will be clearly defined a) Design Director (‘LM’) o Leads the BIM Committee, BIM adoption programme and provide direction o Manage progress and provide resources

b) Principal Architect (‘NIE’) o Nominate & conduct pilot project o Identify and incorporate BIM opportunities into key business processes o Evaluate results

c) BIM Manager (‘DEI’) o Develop BIM training needs and programme o Establish and maintain BIM Standards o Identify relevant BIM technology

d) BIM/CAD Specialists (‘ECP’) o Evaluate new practices, processes and technology o Collate success stories to create good practice guides o Provide guidance for BIM teams and facilitate sharing workshops

3) BIM Modelling plan (‘ECDC’)    

Establishing a folder structure in a server Create BIM Standards in terms of templates, components and specifications Describe ‘LOD’ at different stages of the project lifecycle Clear standard of naming and colour-coded conventions

4) BIM Application plan (Generic)  General explanation on how to do BIM, based on 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D

5) BIM Technology (More Detailed)  The software and hardware to be purchased to facilitate successful BIM implementation (‘ACRA’) o o o o

BIM Authoring software BIM Coordination software BIM Reviewing software BIM Analysis software

6) BIM Staffing & Training Plan (More Detailed)  Hiring competent staff to aid in BIM implementation  Training need Analysis & Training

7) BIM Return of Investment (ROI) Plan (More Detailed)  Planning done to recover funds after successful BIM implementation 8) Implementation Evaluation & Checklist  Evaluate, review and collate BIM Documents  Creating a checklist to ensure BIM deliverables are met

1. BIM Manager & his Roles Answer: (‘DEDWC’)

a) Develop a Framework based on organization’s needs, goals and vision b) Establish qualitative KPI for comparing with conventional practices c) Develop a BIM workflow for modeling works and define LOD at different stages of the project d) Well aware of common challenges faced locally to identify areas for improvements e) Create organization’s template and fundamental libraries

2. BIM Coordinator & his Roles Answer: (‘PCC’) a) Provide cross-team support for BIM software b) Create BIM models and documentation c) Collaborate with the design team and other relevant stakeholders to aid procedural changes

3. Level of Development (LOD) and its uses and benefits Answer: LOD is a standard that shows the overall completeness of BIM content on a model at different stages of a building project lifecycle. Detail level refers to the 3D geometry and the associated attribute information refers to the 2D information attached to the 3D geometry. These two describes the level of development stage. The higher the level of LOD, the more the BIM content in terms of ‘DL & AAI’. The level of LOD varies among different projects.

Benefits of LOD (‘SAD’) a) Standard that can be referenced by contracts and ‘BEP’ and assures consistent communication b) Aids teams and owners to specify BIM deliverables

c) Describes and shows characteristics of model elements clearly at different levels of development in a project

LOD-100: Conceptual (Simple Geometry, just the shape) Corresponding to the equivalent of conceptual design, the model would consist of overall building massing and the downstream users are authorized to perform whole building types of Analysis (volume, building orientation, cost per square foot, etc.)

LOD-200: Approximate Geometry (Windows, doors) (Schematic design) Corresponding to schematic design or design development, the model would consist of "generalized systems or assemblies with approximate quantities, size, shape, location and orientation." Uses would include "analysis of selected systems by application of generalized performance criteria."

LOD-300: Precise Geometry (Design & Development) Model elements are suitable for the generation of traditional construction documents and shop drawings. As such, analysis and simulation can also be done for detailed elements and systems.

LOD-400: Fabrication (Construction Model) This level of development is considered to be suitable for fabrication and assembly. This LOD is most likely to be the trade contractor or fabricator as it is usually outside the scope of the consultant architect's or engineer's services.

LOD-500: As-Built The final level of development represents the project as it has been constructed – the as-built conditions. The model is suitable for maintenance and operations of the facility.

4. Challenges of adopting/implementing BIM in construction industry/Project works Answer:

1. Technical Issues Hardware and software issues 2. Organizational Issues People refuse to change, do not believe in products

3. Process Issues Process in designing, drawing, preparing information, the way the project is delivered 4. Policy Issues Some company has issues in terms of their policy, making it act as hindrances.

5. Market issues Lack of skill resources, client becoming more demanding and BIM savvy

a) Productivity Comparison among other Industries Construction is one of the oldest trades but did not see much automation compared to other industries, in terms of productivity. This is due to the mindsets, conventional practices in addressing issues and the resistance to adopt change management which reduces productivity and causes building projects to be more expensive as labour costs and inflation are constantly growing.

b) Business Process Re-engineering BIM is a systematic methodology that provides support throughout the project lifecycle but requires progressive works for successful implementation. It ensures business process re-engineering by identifying issues with current processes and reengineering them to maximize productivity. BIM cannot be implemented within a short time, which makes it a challenge.

c) Eco-friendly and Sustainable Construction Platform Our building regulatory requirements are designed to support the reduction of carbon footprints. Being green, sustainable and environmentally friendly is the future. Building construction projects largely contributes to the increase of carbon footprints. Methods to recycle materials and reduce on-site works must be adopted. BIM can be used to evaluate the productivity performance and for regulatory submissions. The BCA Buildability framework for all construction projects must be considered as it aids the industry.

d) Construction Productivity Indexes Comparing these indexes with manufacturing, with or without automation is a challenge. Establishing a baseline is difficult in the construction industry as it is rare to find two identical projects with similar conditions and requirements. For an example, in the manufacturing of hard-drives, the sequences are consistent and a benchmark can be established to access productivity. Long durations to build and the constantly evolving technology, makes it tough to meet demands. BCA has implemented the Buildability Framework which acts as a baseline and covers the buildable design and constructability scores. Thus, it is important for an organization to link its core competencies with BIM to yield benefits. e) Limited Skilled Resources We are heavily dependent on foreign resources to meet expectations in drafting and modelling. Our education system is not fast enough to cater to the demands of BIM. It requires fundamental knowledge on engineering domains and establishing a curriculum is difficult as many engineering skills are combined. Hiring competent individuals is difficut and organizations do not pay them well as the lack of appreciation of BIM results could have caused costs, both directly and indirectly. Another issue, is the quality of BIM managers due to an influx of foreigners. f) Software and Tools Using correct tools will improve the organization’s productivity. For an example, software tools must be able to quickly and automatically generate cross-sections and modifications on a BIM Model. This reduces effort and time on repeated tasks. Identifying immediate and long-term goals with BIM, is important to find out what software is needed for an organization. Training must be provided and considered.

5. Explain in detail with diagram how complex the information channels and ideal situation is. Answer:

The coordination issues faced in the construction industry promotes a weak flow of information and functional silos. Building projects should be managed from a centralized repository, where information can be accessed and retrieved from. It should be shared among all relevant stakeholders. This communication structure will reduce overheads at any stages of the building project lifecycle. However, the realization of this issue is not heeded. Until then, we will have to manage the current challenges faced in the industry.

6. Types of Construction IT Systems and how it can improve business operation/Productivity (Segregate common types over others) Answer:

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers and telecommunication equipment to store, retrieve, transfer and manipulate data. Common Types

 Management Information Systems (MIS) o Generates regular reports on operations and usually used for financial purposes o Improves decision making and access to regular reports during management and coordination meetings

 Database Management Systems (DBMS)

o Focuses on storage, retrieval and updating of data in servers and computer systems and used for creating and managing databases o Protects, organizes data and allows access by multiple users from various locations in a controlled manner o Limits what the end user can see and use, making it customizable

E.g. Aconex  Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)

o Integrates various functions into one complete system and improves overall business functions o Focuses on areas like planning, inventory, marketing and payroll o Information is made available real time for timely management decisions

Other Types

Radio Frequency identification (RFID) (‘UAU’)  Uses identification tags like barcode, QR Code and ID Chip to track items, products and movements  Allows wireless and real-time tracking  Used with other IT systems for analysis, reporting and presenting information

Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) (‘MUD’)  Manages emails, letters, contract documents, specifications and drawings  Used for storing and tracking of document movement  Does not have reporting and analysis functions

7. BIM Collaboration & BIM Coordination (Know the differences) Answer:

BIM Coordination BIM Coordination is the use of different BIM content to solve issues with the design using interference checks. An example is, Clash detection.

Differences (‘RID’)

 Requires specialized knowledge in BIM  Involves the BIM team  Done with a workstation to solve issues through interference checks

BIM Collaboration BIM Collaboration is when people, comprising of the construction team and various project stakeholders come together to discuss identified issues with the design using BIM content to solve and reach a common understanding through collaboration meetings.

Differences (‘DID’)

 Done in a big conference room with a projector to show identified issues  Involves not just the construction and project teams but also other project stakeholders  Does not require specialized knowledge in BIM

8. 3 Types of BIM Clash Detection & Examples Answer:

1. Hard Clash Hard clash is when two objects overlap the same space in the virtual world.

For example, a water pipe passing through a structural wall in the virtual world. 2. Soft Clash

Soft clash is when the geometric clearance is not enough to cater to better accessibility, insulation, maintenance and safety of the design. Customized soft clash detection can be set to test elements for building code conformance.

For example, a live wire passing by a plumbing line could cause a risk of short-circuit.

3. Workflow Clash 4D/Workflow clash is when scheduling clashes for work crews, equipment fabrication and other project timeline issues are resolved.

For an example, a notification pops up as a workflow clash when you set the sequence strictly to build walls only after a floor is constructed.

9. Know what is BIM 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D Applications (Uses)

Answer:

NOTE*- BIM Dimensions = BIM Applications

3D – Spatial Coordination (Rendering) 3D BIM is the use of spatial qualities of BIM content to solve problems. It creates both graphical and non-graphical information and shares it in a Common Data Environment (CDE). Clash detections and visualization analysis are examples to improve communication and collaboration of design intent. Structural Analysis The structural engineer will use the 3D model to construct an analytical/FEM model and physical model of the exact size of the structure. Using a computer program, calculations are done on the loading and sizing. Deviations will be highlighted and the structural engineer will be able to decide on what to do.

E.g. Structure BIM Analysis Software  TEKLA  Bentley

Clash Detection Analysis (For coordination purposes) The act of putting two models together and running interference checks on designs. This solve problems virtually and reduces the risk of human errors during model inspections. E.g. Clash Detection Software  Solibri  Navisworks Visualization Analysis

Visualization analysis shows the overall end product. It also solves design issues using spatial elements by rotating the 3D model, through real time rendering, walkthroughs and virtual reality to identify problems and errors.

4D – Sequencing In 4D BIM, time-scheduling data is added to components in the project model. The components will build in detail and show how the model develops sequentially and virtually on a timeline, as the project progresses. This boosts optimization of construction activities and team coordination.

Scheduling Analysis (Sequencing) Scheduling analysis uses BIM content to ensure the tasks and activities in a project are scheduled on a timeline. This shows the progression of the project virtually and aids to source out tasks in the critical path that require urgent attention. Thus, it can be used for visual payment validations.

E.g. of Software  Microsoft project  Primavera

5D – Costing In 5D BIM, BIM content from the project model is used for cost estimation and tracking purposes. The automatic counting of components aids to identify the overall project cost. Thus, ensuring the project is within budget with greater accurate project estimates.

2D Quantity take off

Building structures and components are grouped together. For an example, all walls, all doors and all lighting fixtures are grouped together. BIM content is used to automatically calculate the total area and volume of the structures and components. The number of bricks needed to build a wall for an example, is obtained by dividing the volume of one brick. Potential Problems for BIM Quantity take off Different BIM modelers vary in designing methodologies, thus could cause varying cost estimations. Thus, it plays a critical part as it is the deciding factor for the total cost of the project.

E.g. of Software  Cost X  Autodesk Quantity takeoff

6D – Sustainability In 6D BIM, an energy consumption analysis is done on the model to access its building performance and sustainability. The orientation, massing, natural ventilation, daylighting and other factors are considered for decision making in the project. The actual site data and local climate must be used to ensure the effectiveness of the analysis. This supports the reduction of carbon footprints. Energy Model Analysis Energy model analysis uses sensors to collect information on the actual building to study the immediate environment by performing Wind, Sun and cooling factor analyses. These analyses are done to identify the energy consumption and optimization of the building to check for sustainability.

E.g. of Software

 Autodesk Ecotect  Autodesk Green Building Studio

7D – Facility Management 7D BIM is when BIM content is used for facility management purposes throughout the lifecycle of the facility. It allows users to collect and track information for maintenance and status of components. For an example, the maintenance of a building system or equipment must be done yearly. Thus, there will be a prompt notification every year. This optimizes asset management.

10. Types of BIM Analysis, its necessity and purposes Answer:

a) Structural Analysis The structural engineer uses the 3D model to produce an analytical and physical model of the exact size of the structure. Calculati...