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Chapter 16 The Conquest of the Far West Multiple-Choice Questions 1. By the mid-1840s, the American West A. contained few migrants from the United States. B. was extensively populated. C. had seen the elimination of nearly all Indian tribes. D. closely resembled its popular image. E. was still an empty, desolate land. Answer: B Page: 431 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 2. Which of the following Indian tribes was NOT found on the Pacific coast of the Far West? A. Chumash B. Chinook C. Pomo D. Creek E. Serrano Answer: D Page: 431 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 3. In the mid-nineteenth century, the Plains Indians were A. usually able to unite against white aggression. B. not as vulnerable to disease as eastern tribes. C. among the least aggressive of all American Indians. D. mostly sedentary farmers. E. the most widespread Indian groups in the West. Answer: E Page: 432 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 4. Which tribe should NOT be included among the Plains Indians? A. Yurok B. Sioux C. Arapaho D. Pawnee E. Cheyenne Answer: A Page: 431 Topic: The Societies of the Far West Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

5. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following statements regarding Hispanic New Mexico is FALSE? At the time of the Mexican War, Hispanics greatly outnumbered Anglo-Americans. The Spanish had had settlements in the area since the seventeenth century. Taos Indians, allied with Navajos and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847. By the 1870s, the government of New Mexico was dominated by “territorial rings” of Anglo business people and politicians. E. Descendants of the original settlers engaged primarily in cattle and sheep ranching. Answer: C Page: 433 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 6. During the mid-nineteenth century, Hispanics living in California A. lost ownership of large areas of lands. B. saw an expansion in the power of californios. C. attempted to revive the Spanish mission society. D. joined with white Americans to drive out Indians. E. increasingly became part of the state’s middle class. Answer: A Page: 434 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 7. During the nineteenth century, in the Far West the term “coolie” A. was a description for all Asian immigrants. B. was an epithet used by whites to describe members of Chinese tongs. C. applied to all non-Indians who came to the Far West before the California gold rush. D. was a slang term for prostitutes in mining towns. E. referred to Chinese indentured servants. Answer: E Page: 435 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 8. In the 1840s and 1850s, in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese A. moved from initial hostility to gradual acceptance. B. was one of consistent acceptance. C. was one of consistent hostility. D. moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility. E. depended mainly on whether the white American was pro-slavery or antislavery. Answer: D Page: 435 Topic: The Societies of the Far West

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9. The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad in part because A. they had no other employment prospects. B. they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept. C. most were experienced in railroad construction. D. most were forced into working for the railroads. E. their more well-established unions won the railroad contracts. Answer: B Page: 436 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 10. In the 1870s in the Far West, the largest single Chinese community was located in A. Seattle. B. Sacramento. C. San Diego. D. Los Angeles. E. San Francisco. Answer: E Page: 436 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 11. Chinese tongs were A. secret societies. B. prostitutes. C. community officials. D. merchants. E. indentured servants. Answer: A Page: 436 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 12. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 A. resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States. B. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. C. banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens. D. was only applied in California. E. had little effect on the size of the Chinese population in America. Answer: C Page: 437 Topic: The Societies of the Far West

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13. The Homestead Act of 1862 A. gave without condition 160 acres to all settlers who would move to the West. B. only applied to public lands within the borders of an organized state. C. saw settlers on the Plains complain the claims were too large for grain farming. D. proved to be enormously popular with western ranchers. E. was expanded by the Timber Culture Act. Answer: E Page: 438 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 14. By 1900, one of the three American territories in the contiguous United States that had NOT been granted statehood was A. Arizona. B. Utah. C. Colorado. D. Nebraska. E. South Dakota. Answer: A Page: 438 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 15. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was A. highly multiracial. B. highly stratified along racial lines. C. paid higher wages than workers in the East. D. both highly multiracial and paid higher wages than workers in the East. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 439 Topic: The Changing Western Economy 16. In the late nineteenth century, which of the following was NOT a major western industry that relied on the East for markets and capital? A. mining B. fur trading C. ranching D. commercial farming E. timbering Answer: B Page: 439 Topic: The Changing Western Economy

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17. Mining in the West A. did not see any great mineral strikes until after the Civil War. B. flourished until the 1930s. C. saw corporations move in first, followed by individual prospectors. D. kept ranchers and farmers from establishing their own economic base. E. saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations. Answer: E Page: 439 Topic: The Changing Western Economy 18. The Comstock Lode primarily produced A. copper. B. silver. C. gold. D. lead. E. zinc. Answer: B Page: 439 Topic: The Changing Western Economy 19. Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns A. were nearly all single when they first arrived. B. had few economic opportunities outside of prostitution. C. often found work doing domestic tasks. D. generally worked as miners. E. often greatly outnumbered the men. Answer: C Page: 441 Topic: The Changing Western Economy 20. The western cattle industry saw Mexican ranchers first develop A. saddles. B. spurs. C. lariats. D. leather chaps. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 441 Topic: The Changing Western Economy

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21. Early in 1866, a massive joint cattle drive from Texas to Missouri A. saw the herds suffer heavy losses. B. proved that cattle could be driven to distant markets. C. established a link to the booming urban markets of the East. D. both proved that cattle could be driven to distant markets, and established a link to the booming urban markets of the East. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 441-442 Topic: The Changing Western Economy 22. The town that reigned as the railhead of the cattle kingdom for many years was A. Sedalia, Missouri. B. Abilene, Kansas. C. Dallas, Texas. D. Omaha, Nebraska. E. Deadwood, South Dakota. Answer: B Page: 442 Topic: The Changing Western Economy 23. In the late nineteenth century, “range wars” in the West were often between A. white Americans and Indians. B. white American ranchers and Mexican ranchers. C. white American ranchers and Chinese ranchers. D. individual white American ranchers and large American ranching corporations. E. white American ranchers and farmers. Answer: E Page: 442 Topic: The Changing Western Economy 24. In the mid-1880s, the open-range cattle industry declined as a result of A. Indian wars. B. severe weather. C. disease. D. competition from Mexico. E. changing consumer habits in the East. Answer: B Page: 442 Topic: The Changing Western Economy

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25. In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West A. presented a heroic image of cowboys. B. perceived the region to be a place offering true freedom. C. was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School. D. both presented a heroic image of cowboys, and was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 443 Topic: The Romance of the West 26. The Rocky Mountain School of painting A. marked a sharp departure from the artistic style of the Hudson River Valley painters. B. helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West. C. emphasized the primitive art of Indians and other indigenous peoples. D. first gained popular acceptance in the early twentieth century. E. was a significant influence on the abstract art that would soon flourish in Europe. Answer: B Page: 443 Topic: The Romance of the West 27. In Owen Wister’s novel, The Virginian (1902), the American cowboy was A. castigated for his poor relations with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese. B. lamented as having lost his innocence and decency. C. seen as fast disappearing, as urbanization spread west. D. criticized for being too quick to use violence. E. portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman. Answer: E Page: 443 Topic: The Romance of the West 28. William Cody’s Wild West shows A. showed the realities of life on the frontier. B. proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States. C. did not include representations of Indians. D. ignored the fact that Cody had never actually lived in the West himself. E. often competed against those of sharpshooter Annie Oakley. Answer: B Page: 444-445 Topic: The Romance of the West

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29. All of the following writers and artists made significant contributions to the romanticizing of the American West EXCEPT A. Frederic Remington. B. Mark Twain. C. Theodore Roosevelt. D. James Whistler. E. Frederick Jackson Turner. Answer: D Page: 444-445 Topic: The Romance of the West 30. In “The Significance of the Frontier in American History,” Frederick Jackson Turner claimed A. that the end of the “frontier” also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life. B. the United States should expand its northern and southern borders into Canada and Mexico to create new frontier land. C. the western wars between whites and Indians were a national disgrace. D. most of the frontier land was of little practical use for Americans. E. the frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America. Answer: A Page: 445 Topic: The Romance of the West 31. Before 1860, the traditional policy of the federal government was to regard Indians partly as A. members of dependent states. B. a natural enemy of the United States. C. wards of the president of the United States. D. non-humans. E. citizens of the United States. Answer: C Page: 447 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians 32. In the 1850s, the U.S. policy of “concentration” for Indians A. set the basis for Indian policy for the rest of the century. B. affirmed and continued the previous federal treatment of Indians. C. had many benefits for both whites and Indians. D. reduced conflicts between whites and Indians. E. assigned all tribes to their own defined reservations. Answer: E Page: 448 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians

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33. The decimation of American buffalo herds in the late nineteenth century A. destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers. B. was accelerated by the eastern fad of owning a buffalo robe. C. happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade. D. was fostered by the railroad companies. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 448 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians 34. The Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 A. involved the killing of Indian women and children. B. saw the death of Chief Black Kettle. C. was carried out by George Custer. D. moved Colonel J. M. Chivington to denounce the U.S. Army. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: A Page: 449 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians 35. The 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn A. took place in Wyoming. B. saw the destruction of the entire Seventh Cavalry. C. was a short-lived Indian victory. D. marked the start of prolonged warfare in the Dakotas. E. saw the Sioux united under Sitting Bull and Geronimo. Answer: C Page: 451 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians 36. The Indian leader who said, “I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever,” was A. Black Kettle. B. Sitting Bull. C. Chief Joseph. D. Crazy Horse. E. Cochise. Answer: C Page: 451 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians

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37. In 1886, the end of formal warfare between the United States and American Indians was marked by the surrender of A. Cochise. B. Wovoka. C. Mangas Colorados. D. Sitting Bull. E. Geronimo. Answer: E Page: 452 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians 38. In 1890, the “Ghost Dance” A. was a spiritual revival among Plains Indians. B. honored all the Indians who had died in battle with white Americans. C. marked the resumption of hostilities by Plains Indians. D. was a spiritual revival among Plains Indians, inspired by the Paiute prophet Chief Joseph. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: A Page: 452 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians 39. In 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, A. Plains Indians mounted their last major attack on white Americans. B. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred more than 300 Indians. C. the Sioux attempted to leave the reservation for Canada. D. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry suffered no casualties. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: B Page: 452 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians 40. The Dawes Act of 1887 A. was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture. B. denied U.S. citizenship to landowning Indian adults. C. was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers. D. ended the U.S. government’s effort to assimilate Indian tribes. E. reaffirmed tribal ownership of western lands in the face of white claims to it. Answer: C Page: 453 Topic: The Fate of Western Indians

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41. In the late nineteenth century, the surge of farming settlement in the West A. was composed of mostly settlers who had little to no experience with farming. B. was brought to a dramatic halt by a major drought during the 1870s. C. was primarily the result of federal subsidies for land ownership. D. spurred the development of massive irrigation projects. E. was a result of many factors, but the most important was the railroad. Answer: E Page: 453 Topic: Farming in the West 42. In the late nineteenth century, fences for Plains farms were usually made from A. barbed wire. B. stones. C. wood. D. sod. E. brick. Answer: A Page: 454 Topic: Farming in the West 43. In the late nineteenth century, regarding western agriculture, A. the prices paid for American farm goods rose after the 1880s. B. the reality of farming was very much like its popular image with the public. C. commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so. D. farmers increasingly owned the land on which they worked. E. American farm families were relatively unaffected by the effects of world production. Answer: C Page: 455 Topic: Farming in the West 44. The western farmers’ first and most burning grievance was against A. the railroads. B. state governments. C. the banks. D. eastern manufacturers. E. crop speculators. Answer: A Page: 455 Topic: Farming in the West

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45. During the late nineteenth century, Plains farm life A. was marked by active community life. B. became increasingly profitable for most. C. was generally admired by the growing urban public. D. often lacked any access to the outside world. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: D Page: 455 Topic: Farming in the West 46. In his writings during the late 1800s, the popular author Hamlin Garland A. romanticized agrarian life in the West. B. criticized western farmers for failing to develop a stable industry. C. reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers. D. argued the Plains should be abandoned by Americans. F. suggested the trials of rural life refined and enlarged the human spirit. Answer: C Page: 455-456 Topic: Farming in the West

True/False Questions 47. The real West of the mid-nineteenth century bore little resemblance to its popular image. Answer: True Page: 431 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 48. More than 300,000 Indians lived on the Pacific coast before the arrival of Spanish settlers. Answer: True Page: 431 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 49. Permanent settlements were somewhat rare among the Plains Indians. Answer: True Page: 432 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 50. Plains Indians were formidable foes of white settlers because they were usually able to present a united front. Answer: False Page: 432 Topic: The Societies of the Far West

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51. Plains Indians were not particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases brought from the eastern United States. Answer: False Page: 433 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 52. In the mid-nineteenth century, Hispanic society in the Southwest grew, despite the increasing Anglo-American settlement in that area. Answer: True Page: 433 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 53. The power of the Navajo and Apache tribes in the Southwest was broken by Hispanic settlers before the arrival of the U.S. Army. Answer: False Page: 433 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 54. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Hispanic presence in California was concentrated in the working class. Answer: True Page: 434 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 55. By 1880, more than 200,000 Chinese had settled in the United States. Answer: True Page: 435 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 56. White hostility to Chinese immigrants was rooted in the perception that they were lazy. Answer: False Page: 435 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 57. A number of Chinese immigrants worked in the mines of California before turning to the railroad for employment. Answer: True Page: 435-436 Topic: The Societies of the Far West 58. A homestead unit of 160 acres was too small for grain farming on the Great Plains. Answer: True Page: 438 Topic: The Societies of the Far West

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59. The Timber Culture Act and the Desert Land Act w...