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Chapter 26 America in a World at War Multiple-Choice Questions 1. A. B. C. D. E.

In World War II, the main American strategy to fight Japan was to mount two offensive campaigns to attack the Japanese from two directions. concentrate U.S. forces into one large offensive moving west from the Marshall Islands. quickly recapture the Midway Islands from the Japanese. establish a strong defensive position in the Solomon Islands to lure in the Japanese. encourage the Japanese navy to overextend itself past the Gilbert Islands, then attack from behind. Answer: A Page: 705 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 2. In World War II, one of the primary American commanders in the Pacific was A. Dwight Eisenhower. B. Omar Bradley. C. Chester Nimitz. D. George Marshall. E. George Patton. Answer: C Page: 705 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 3. The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942 A. saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time. B. saw the United States forced to withdraw its naval forces. C. marked the major turning point of the war in the Pacific. D. saw the Japanese lose most of its aircraft carriers. E. marked the first important victory by the United States against Japan. Answer: E Page: 705 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II

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4. The Battle of Midway in 1942 A. saw the United States suffer great losses. B. was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy. C. lasted four days. D. both lasted four days and was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 705 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 5. After 1943, the United States advanced on Japan primarily with the aid of forces from A. England and France. B. the Soviet Union and China. C. the Dutch and the Soviet Union. D. England and the Soviet Union. E. Australia and New Zealand. Answer: E Page: 706 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 6. During World War II, the United States Army chief of staff was A. Douglas MacArthur. B. George Marshall. C. Omar Bradley. D. Dwight Eisenhower. E. George Patton. Answer: B Page: 706 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 7. In 1943, the country that pressed for an immediate Allied invasion of France against Germany was A. the Soviet Union. B. China. C. Great Britain. D. the United States. E. Canada. Answer: A Page: 706 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II

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8. In 1942–1943, the British and American war effort against the Nazis concentrated on A. freeing France from German control. B. supporting the Russians. C. fighting in North Africa and southern Europe. D. protecting England. E. stopping the Holocaust. Answer: C Page: 707 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 9. In 1942, in the North African campaign against the Nazis, the A. Americans advanced under the command of Omar Bradley. B. Americans successfully regrouped from a defeat at Kasserine Pass. C. Germans suffered a major defeat at Stalingrad. D. Americans pushed the Germans out of Egypt. E. British lost a key early battle at El Alamein. Answer: B Page: 707 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 10. In 1943, in a meeting in Casablanca, the Allies decided they would next invade A. Cyprus. B. France. C. Sicily. D. Corsica. E. Greece. Answer: C Page: 707 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 11. During World War II, the first Axis country to be defeated was A. Germany. B. Spain. C. Austria. D. Japan. E. Italy. Answer: E Page: 707 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II

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12. The Allied decisions that delayed an invasion of France A. left the Soviet Union deeply embittered. B. put the Soviet Union in a better position to control eastern Europe. C. occurred after the Soviet Union had won a significant victory in Stalingrad. D. both put the Soviet Union in a better position to control eastern Europe, and left the Soviet Union deeply embittered. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 707-708 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 13. The U.S. government acquired definite knowledge of the Holocaust A. prior to World War II beginning in Europe. B. before the U.S. had entered the war. C. as early as 1942. D. only in the last year of the war. E. only after the war was over. Answer: C Page: 708 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 14. During World War II, Allied bombers targeted A. the crematoria at Auschwitz. B. the railroad lines leading to Auschwitz. C. the guard towers and Nazi bunkers at Auschwitz. D. both the crematories at Auschwitz and the railroad lines leading to Auschwitz. E. None of these answers is correct. Answer: E Page: 708-709 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II 15. Regarding European Jewish refugees, between 1939 and 1945, the United States A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees. B. won an agreement by England to accept several thousand refugees. C. made many efforts to help refugees escape the Nazis but not have them enter the United States. D. denied the Nazis were targeting Jews for murder. E. rescinded the provisions of the 1924 National Origins Act dealing with Jewish immigrants. Answer: A Page: 709 Topic: The U.S. Enters World War II

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16. Between 1939 and 1945, the federal budget of the United States A. halved. B. doubled. C. tripled. D. rose over five-fold. E. rose over ten-fold. Answer: E Page: 709 Topic: The American People in Wartime 17. During World War II, the regional impact of government spending was the greatest in the A. Northeast. B. Midwest. C. South. D. East. E. West. Answer: E Page: 712 Topic: The American People in Wartime 18. During World War II, the labor force of the United States A. saw 15 million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces. B. saw the supply of civilian labor decline by 25 percent. C. was forced to contend with a large labor surplus. D. saw both 15 million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces and the supply of civilian labor decline by 25 percent. E. None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Page: 712 Topic: The American People in Wartime 19. During World War II, organized labor in the United States A. lost membership as wages rose across most industries. B. frequently used the threats of strikes to obtain higher wages. C. agreed to freeze union membership and wages until the war was over. D. won automatic union memberships for new defense-plant workers. E. won a significant victory with the passage of the Smith-Connally Act. Answer: D Page: 712 Topic: The American People in Wartime

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20. Which of the following is true of organized American labor during World War II? A. No major union went on strike. B. “Wildcat” strikes were the most common. C. Unions accepted a freeze on wages until the war ended. D. Many states passed laws expanding the influence of unions. E. Opposition to strikes was led by the influential United Mine Workers. Answer: B Page: 712 Topic: The American People in Wartime 21. The Smith-Connally Act of 1943 A. was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt. B. authorized the president to seize a war factory where workers had gone on strike. C. passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers. D. both was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt and passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 712 Topic: The American People in Wartime 22. Over the course of World War II, inflation in the United States A. remained low before 1941. B. was much less serious a problem than it had been during World War I. C. was largely uncontrolled by the federal government. D. was at its highest in the last year of the war. E. was less a concern than fears of deflation. Answer: B Page: 712 Topic: The American People in Wartime 23. In 1943, to simplify tax collections, Congress enacted A. automatic payroll deductions. B. a short form for paying income taxes. C. a sales tax. D. a flat tax. E. an earned income tax credit. Answer: A Page: 712 Topic: The American People in Wartime

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24. During World War II, the War Production Board A. was maintained under the auspices of the Department of Labor. B. was directed by Roosevelt ally Leon Henderson. C. had complete control over military purchases. D. favored large over small contractors. E. won the support of small business. Answer: D Page: 713 Topic: The American People in Wartime 25. During World War II, the National Defense Research Committee A. had, by 1941, pushed the U.S. into a position of technological superiority over Germany. B. funded less research than its predecessor had during World War I. C. was headed by a scientist who was a pioneer in the development of the computer. D. concentrated its work on developing an atomic bomb. E. received more private funding than government money. Answer: C Page: 713 Topic: The American People in Wartime 26. During World War II, the effectiveness of German U-boats and underwater mines was greatly reduced by the development of A. acoustic countermeasures. B. sonar. C. centimetric radar. D. advanced cavity magnetron valves. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 713 Topic: The American People in Wartime 27. During World War II, Germany held the technological edge over the Allies in A. centimetric radar. B. rocket-propelled bombs. C. ocean mine detection. D. aircraft bombers. E. intelligence gathering. Answer: B Page: 714 Topic: The American People in Wartime

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28. During World War II, the Allied development of the Gee navigation system A. was first used in the last months of the war. B. sent a sonic message telling pilots they were in range of their targets. C. used electronic pulses to plot course locations. D. proved ineffective at sea. E. raised the accuracy rate of night-bombing raids to 30 percent. Answer: C Page: 714 Topic: The American People in Wartime 29. All of the following were Allied advances in intelligence-gathering in World War II EXCEPT the A. creation of the Purple machine for coded communications. B. capturing of an Enigma machine. C. creation of the first programmable, digital computer. D. breaking of the German codes early in the war. E. breaking of Japanese codes before American entry into the war. Answer: A Page: 715 Topic: The American People in Wartime 30. During World War II, the Fair Employment Practices Commission was created A. to help southern African Americans move to northern cities to take war jobs. B. by President Roosevelt to stop black protesters from marching on the capital. C. after serious racial rioting broke out in several northern industrial cities. D. and led by A. Philip Randolph. E. in response to significant protests led by the Congress of Racial Equality. Answer: B Page: 715 Topic: The American People in Wartime 31. During World War II, the U.S. military A. used quotas to limit the number of black servicemen in the military. B. excluded blacks from combat duty. C. began to relax its practices of racial segregation. D. allowed blacks into all branches of the military for the first time. E. doubled the number of black servicemen to 200,000. Answer: C Page: 715 Topic: The American People in Wartime

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32. During World War II, American Indians A. saw government war contracts bring a higher standard of living to many reservations. B. were excluded from military service. C. were pushed out of white society and back onto the reservations. D. saw war work spread to almost every Indian reservation in the United States. E. saw the war effort undermine efforts to revitalize tribal traditions. Answer: E Page: 716 Topic: The American People in Wartime 33. In 1942, the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program, which A. increased the number of Mexican immigrants the United States would accept as new citizens. B. allowed U.S. businesses to establish war production factories in Mexico. C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time. D. accepted Mexican citizens into the U.S. armed forces. E. eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico. Answer: C Page: 716 Topic: The American People in Wartime 34. The 1943 “zoot-suit riots” in Los Angeles A. resulted from tensions between the African American and Mexican American communities. B. led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits. C. began when off-duty Mexican American soldiers refused to wear their military uniforms. D. both began when off-duty Mexican American soldiers refused to wear their military uniforms, and led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: B Page: 716 Topic: The American People in Wartime 35. In 1942, when the United States interned Japanese Americans in “relocation centers,” A. all of the affected Japanese were American citizens. B. a powerful popular movement sprung up to protest the internments. C. all of those affected were first-generation Japanese immigrants. D. the move was protested by California Attorney General Earl Warren. E. there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security risk. Answer: E Page: 720-721 Topic: The American People in Wartime

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36. All of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II are true EXCEPT that A. the United States government has never admitted wrongdoing. B. the order for internment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944. C. most of those interned lost all their property and possessions. D. the internment camps were essentially prisons. E. government officials claimed the camps were places where the Japanese could be socialized and “Americanized.” Answer: A Page: 721 Topic: The American People in Wartime 37. During World War II, Chinese Americans A. were drafted in a higher proportion than any other national group. B. received a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda. C. saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts. D. both received a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda and saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 721 Topic: The American People in Wartime 38. During World War II, American women who worked outside the home A. tended to be older than women who worked in the past. B. were barred from unions. C. were not allowed to have children under the age of three in their care. D. both tended to be older than women who worked in the past, and were not allowed to have children under the age of three in their care. E. None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Page: 717 Topic: The American People in Wartime 39. During World War II, in the United States, all of the following social indicators experienced a rise in their rate of occurrence EXCEPT A. the marriage rate. B. high school enrollment. C. the divorce rate. D. the juvenile crime rate. E. the birth rate. Answer: B Page: 717 Topic: The American People in Wartime

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40. During World War II, American shoppers A. faced many shortages of consumer goods. B. did not buy as many magazines, as part of the war effort. C. had less money to spend than they had had the decade before. D. had less money to spend than they had had the decade before, but did not buy as many magazines, as part of the war effort. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: A Page: 718 Topic: The American People in Wartime 41. Most employed women during the war worked in A. the service sector. B. industrial jobs. C. the factory. D. military support positions E. child care. Answer: A Page: 717 Topic: The American People in Wartime 42. During World War II, the United States military services A. saw the major purpose of the USO as bringing new recruits into the armed forces. B. tolerated homosexuality. C. quietly tolerated illicit heterosexual relationships. D. encouraged USO women to form relationships with servicemen. E. banned the practice of painting bathing beauties on the nosecones of fighter planes. Answer: C Page: 743 Topic: The American People in Wartime 43. During World War II, Congress abolished the A. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). B. Works Progress Administration (WPA). C. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). D. CCC and WPA. E. WPA and FDIC. Answer: D Page: 722 Topic: The American People in Wartime

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44. A significant issue in the 1944 election was A. America’s relationship with the Soviet Union. B. corruption charges involving the White House. C. the strategy of the war. D. civil rights. E. the domestic economy. Answer: E Page: 722 Topic: The American People in Wartime 45. In the 1944 elections, A. Republicans gained control of the Senate. B. President Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to campaign. C. Democrats increased their control of the House. D. Thomas Dewey nearly won the electoral vote. E. Henry Wallace was elected vice president. Answer: C Page: 722 Topic: The American People in Wartime 46. All of the following statements regarding the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 are true EXCEPT that A. the attack involved perhaps the largest number of naval vessels and armaments ever assembled in one place. B. the landing was made across the narrowest part of the English Channel. C. Allied paratroopers were dropped behind German lines prior to the beach landings. D. within a week, German forces had been dislodged from most of the Normandy coast. E. American, British, and Canadian forces stormed the beaches on June 6, 1944. Answer: B Page: 722 Topic: The Defeat of the Axis 47. In August 1944, the Allies liberated from German occupation the city of A. Rome. B. Warsaw. C. Stockholm. D. Paris. E. Amsterdam. Answer: D Page: 722 Topic: The Defeat of the Axis

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48. In February 1945, an Allied bombing attack on Dresden, Germany A. destroyed 75 percent of the previously undamaged city. B. killed approximately 135,000 people. C. resulted in mostly civilian casualties. D. both killed approximately 135,000 people and resulted in mostly civilian casualties. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 722 Topic: The Defeat of the Axis 49. The Battle of the Bulge A. began in the spring of 1945. B. saw the American army drive deep into Germany. C. ended serious German resistance in the west. D. both saw the American army drive deep into Germany and was the last major battle on the western front. E. None of these answers is correct. Answer: C Page: 723 Topic: The Defeat of the Axis 50. In April 1945, American and British forces halted their advance on Germany at the Elbe River A. because their supply lines had become overextended. B. to w...