Buhay Estudyante The Lives of Students from Broken Families Amidst the Pandemic PDF

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Vol-7 Issue-1 2021

IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

Buhay Estudyante: The Lives of Students from Broken Families Amidst the Pandemic Janz Glenn Lanozo1 Lauren Grace Tabieros2 Ella Mae Solmiano3 Niña Ercie Paras4 Jhoselle Tus5 1-4

Research Students, Filipino Psychology 5Research Professor, Filipino Psychology Jesus is Lord Colleges Foundation, Inc., Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines ABSTRACT

Family is the most basic unit of society, and the foundation of it is the parents, marriage, and offspring. Everyone longs for a place to call home and a healthy family both in mind and body relationship. Generally, people’s view of complete families has married parents with children. Even so, the case is not always like that. Broken families are not uncommon; rather, it is familiar and often encountered around us. This study’s primary goal is to assess the lived experiences of students from broken families amidst the pandemic, specifically, it sought the following objectives: (1) to describe the positive experiences of students from broken families, (2) to describe the challenges of the students from broken families experience and why do they consider those as challenges, (3) to describe the effects on academic performance of the students coming from broken families. The study utilized Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA) with the 10 participants ages of 15 to 24 years old from a broken family . Based on the study, the findings are the following: (1) Most of the students from broken families are greatly challenged by financial, emotional, mental, social, and behavioral problems that contribute to their poor academic performance. (2) Most of the students that have divorced (separated) parents are inattentive and limited. They rarely provide time, care, and financial support for student ’s daily needs and academic fees. (3) Students from broken families cope with being independent and optimistic in their situation. (4) Students from broken families gain positive experiences despite the traumatic family background, especially personal growth and building stronger relationships. Keywords: Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Broken family, Family, Pandemic 1. INTRODUCTION Family is the most basic unit of society, and the foundation of it is the parents, marriage, and offsprings. Everyone longs for a place to call home and a healthy family both in mind and body relationship. Generally, people’s view of complete families has married parents with children. Even so, the case is not always like that. Thus, broken families are not uncommon; rather, it is familiar and often encountered around us (Saikia, 2017). Although, with just issues from job loss, unemployment stress, or financial problems, even if the family members are distant from each other, it is not enough to be called a broken family. There should be problems out of misinterpretation, maltreatment, denial, etc. Furthermore, that is how broken families come into existence. According to Wang and Schofer (2018), on the report of divorce percentage from eighty – four countries worldwide, ranging from 1970 – 2008, broken families are sometimes the results of the dissolution of marriage. Thus, psychologists usually utilize factors from the individual’s background, such as their educational attainment, job descriptions, earnings, and at the age, they got married. However, the y looked at social factors that might result in marriage into a divorce, for instance, a country ’s economic growth. They also researched the values and culture of a country, such as the opinion in human rights and discrimination on gender equity – whether they affect the rates of divorce. They gathered on the analyzed data from the 2.6 average growth rate of divorced on every 1000 married people; it swelled to 5.5 averages just in the span of more or less four decades (Wang & Schofer, 2018). The situation where a broken family happens because of nullity of marriage is also increasing in the Philippines due to the lack of divorce law since other than the Vatican; the Philippines is the sole nation where divorce is illegal. As reported by Abalos (2017), in the year 1960’s, the number of divorced or separated in the Philippines is already 28,988 Filipino men and 52,187 Filipino women. The amount was intensely raised by the year 2010 with 330,253 men and 565,802 women. Factors included in the report were growing up with urban poverty or those generally referred to as low urban living together without marriage, religion, and ethnicity. Moreover, educational attainment also contributed to the factors in the Philippines. Furthermore, due to the COVID – 19 pandemic, the living conditions of families have drastically changed. Previous studies state that students are inactive in studying when in-home isolation as compared to

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their performance within their educational institutions. They are likely to have more time entertaining themselves, developing unusual sleeping habits, and having unhealthy diets. These negative effects on the students are likely to happen with extended quarantine periods and will certainly affect their academic performance (Wang et al., 2020). Research by Sprang and Silman (2013) has shown that psychological disorders that are neglected during quarantine produce more stress than those who were not. The data collected from the five hundred and eighty-six parents who completed the survey in 2009, which the parents were surveyed through large scale prints, website advertisements, and flyers being distributed in health departments, private and public medical offices, reported that the pandemic had a significant impact to their children’s psychological condition. Nearly two-thirds of the parents and their children met the threshold and identified that they have Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Even though research studies on broken families are considerably numerous and their aims are more likely to focus on influences and the impact on various types of their individual purposes, there is still an insufficiency in the documents about the impacts of broken families in a teenager ’s academic performance. Although some studies can be linked with the Philippines’ circumstances, the number of researches that explicitly associate with the occurrence of an epidemic is still inadequate. That being the case, the researchers took the opportunity to traverse the subject, respectively, in the Philippines environment undergoing a pandemic. 1.1 Research Questions This study’s primary goal is to assess the lived experiences of students from broken families amidst the pandemic. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1. What are the positive experiences of students from broken families? 2. What are the challenges of the students from broken families experience and why do they consider those as challenges? 3. What are the effects on academic performance of the students coming from broken families? 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Family and Broken Family Family is the basic unit of society. The nature of the family has been altered continuously over time. Family is considered as the foundation of social life and exceedingly cherished by most Filipinos. Sociologists characterize the family as comprising two guardians in a committed relationship, living alongside their children (Thompson, 2016). A group comprises people made-up of a father, mother, and children who remain together beneath the same roof. Family is an endless social institution, a specific portion of human society, and exceptionally vital and profitable to everybody. Besides, the family proceeds to become a basic unit in statistics and social investigation, recognizing what constitutes the “family” shift over bunches and social orders. The family’s standard definitions in the U.S. by people related by blood, marriage, and living within the same home may limit delineation and family structure examination (Tillman & Nam, 2008). As a family, considering blood as the fundamental and standard frame of connection. A relationship between or among people who share a formal beginning in terms of culture, chronicled family line, or organic relationship is called kinship. It is one of the prominent social institutions found in every society. This institution establishes relationships between individuals and groups (Mondal). Family of procreation describes it as a family formed through marriage wherein two individuals announce their union as a lifetime couple and through descents. However, a family breakup is a common feature in contemporary society (Aktar, 2013). Part of the couple’s life is the misunderstanding and conflicts that often leads to intense arguing that will, later on, cause the breakup of the family. For example, one of the most common couples ’ problems is their money every day; there is a misunderstanding between them. Nowadays, it is difficult to budget money, and others make money for a bad habit like gambling. The lack o f funds may be the start for the couple to argue; instead of understanding each other and discussing the problem between themselves, they decided to separate. According to one article, another reason for having a broken family is due to differing beliefs, domestic violence, stubborn grudges, disrespect, divorce, financial struggles, or illness (Zitzman, 2019). A simple argument leads to a fierce fight between the couple, and here, they think of getting a divorce or just separating. Also, poverty as a condition or circumstance in which a person or a community lacks financial resources and a minimum standard of living. (Tus, 2020). The Philippines is the only country globally (except for Vatican City) where divorce is illegal (Emery, 2013); Filipinos can still file for annulment or separation. Despite the Philippines acknowledging relative divorce and legal separation, a complete divorce is still not permitted except for foreigners and other religions (Jacob, 2013). Also, statistics show an increase in age when it comes to marriage, and the number of Filipino males and females who are legally married is declining over the years (Kabamalan, 2004). Usually, arguing is one of the most common complaints of the couple; they lose respect for each other and get to the point where one hurts their partner. Unemployment is also one of the many complaints between couples because there is no source for their family needs, misunderstandings between husband and wife add to the list. An annulment is costly compared to divorce, costing up to two hundred thousand pesos, which is why proposing the divorce bill to make the separation possible for poverty-stricken married couples (Cupin, 2018). The origin of the family’s disintegration is that the family members’ satisfaction in such vicious habits as drunkenness, dependency on drugs, adultery, and curiosity (Yahaya, 2012). A bad habit can lead to a broken home due to dissatisfaction with the things they have, the lack of communication with family

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members, and peers’ influence. One of the most common reasons people begin experimenting with these vicious habits due to boredom is having no more profound interest and curiosity. They see these habits as a pastime and as an escape from their problem. 2.2 Positive Experiences of Students from Broken Families A family has been a huge factor in influencing students’ educational performance. Reputedly, broken families can be seen as a danger to the adolescents’ well-being, such as in their emotional, mental, and personality conditions. Students must develop a notion within themselves to achieve something related to their academic performance (Igbinosa, 2014). As noted, families have a significant impact on the students, whether they perform well or not in their studies. In broken families, the general view has negative results. Even though students from broken families have complicated problems, some view things positively and develop exemplary accomplishments and boost strength even if encountering such issues in their lives. (Widyastuti, 2017 ). According to Wood (2019), parent ’s separation has a positive effect on the students. For instance, students eventually grow empathetic to others and understand that people are not all the same. In education respectively, morals and values are present as well. Moreover, Lopez et al. (2018) stated that the problems’ response varies with such difficulty students face. Some students struggle with their issues; voicing and sharing thoughts with their peers is their coping way. Some are strengthening their faith in God, accepting, and moving forward. Reevaluating oneself even if one grew up in a broken family can also overcome through therapies that include going on from the shocking experiences from childhood and interacting with their current family properly (McCormack et al., 2017). Also, Tus (2020) elaborated that the school with its teachers keep them motivated and challenge them to do their best despite of the circumstances. A recent study from Korea also proved that students from broken families could be promising in other things like sports. The study showed that student-athletes from broken families were assertive and hard-working with their daily practice. They also excelled at finding solutions to overcome their difficulties with their chosen sports (Shin & Kim, 2019). Thus, esteem needs and personal worth would help them do their best to surpass this new curriculum's challenges (Tus, 2020). Another study showed that broken families could be favorable because they were released from the problems developed from a dysfunctional family relationship. From three hundred and thirty – six respondents, all of whom are undergraduates, received positive changes to their lifestyles (Halligan et al., 2014). Adults, when young and grew up with a complete family but have extreme dissension with their relationship, manifest issues with their psychological health, bad habits such as alcohol use, excessive smoking, and lower educational attainments. That is why some children gain more positive effects when parents close a detrimental family (Mooney et al., 2009). 2.3 Challenges Faced by Students from Broken Families Students from broken families have problems affecting their academic performance, selfconfidence, and behaviors. One main factor that affects how well or how badly students react to the trauma of separation: self-confidence, according to a report (Child & Family Blog Editor, 2019). The traumatic family background product is often an inner critic who conveys one is not good enough, or an inner voice, which continually puts one down and belittles one’s needs (Johnson, 2020). Mackay (2005) stated that separation has common effects in a person ’s childhood until adulthood, both momentary and lasting periods. Statistics showed that 30 percent more of the students from broken families have many absences, being late, and skip classes than those with stable families. These are the results most studies have acquired from the students that came from a broken family. Furthermore, being in a rebellious and curious stage, exposing students to drugs, alcohol drinking, and smoking. They tend to be more engaged in sexual activities where teenage pregnancy commonly occurs (Fallet, 2017). In the Very Well Family article, distress from broken homes also developed behavioral issues that affect social skills and the emergence of a problem with peers. According to Sheehan (2010 ), children from broken families are being looked down upon in society because of religion and traditional beliefs. Students feel having less of a family since their family has been broken or not the “complete” one that many of their classmates have (Aunindita, 2016). Additionally, when children at school learn about the separation of a student’s family, bullies can criticize them. Bullies thrive on publicity and the response they get from other students (Aunindita, 2016). Bullying is a troublesome issue, for Thompson, Arora, and Sharp (2002) indicate that low self-esteem, anxiety, poor focus, truancy, depression, and suicidal thoughts are also associated with this (Gourneau, 2012). Hawker and Boulton (2000) have discovered that bullying victims had more negative emotions and opinions about themselves than their peers who are not bullied. Many bullied students suffer low self-esteem and depression and live stress-filled days in their school (Gourneau, 2012). Researches have shown that depression and anxiety are present in students from broken families (Morin, 2019). O’Neill (2002) also found out that more than twenty – percent of children are the ones that are most likely to be affected with enduring effects on their psychological health. Witnessing such issues between parents raises students’ stress levels and prevents them from concentrating on schoolwork (Bubelwa, 2014). According to Oxford Learning (2017), one example of these academic challenges is procrastination. Procrastination can have a detrimental impact on the literary work, grades, and even learners’ overall well-being. Due to higher levels of anger, remorse, tension, and anxiety encountering by students, students often contribute to severe problems such as low self-esteem and depression. These can

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produce a cycle of poor grades and low self-confidence that can be hard to conquer for students (Oxford Learning, 2017). Thus, financial problems (struggles in meeting the basic needs of the children/family) and loneliness as the predominant feeling among parents are the common problems and experiences (Ramos & Tus, 2020). For the past 20 years, various researches showed that the broken family is also one factor for juvenile delinquency (Wilkinson, 2014). Students sometimes rebel against their parents because of authoritative parenting enforcing their own beliefs and decision to them. When parents are often in conflict with each other, forcing children to stay outside to avoid being caught within their parents’ quarreling. Furthermore, by doing so, they learn of habits that they should not be doing at a young age, such as drinking and smoking. There are cases in which a broken family is why students commit violence to others (Farrington, 1998). According to Çetinkaya and Erçin (2015), to prevent any worrying circumstance, some children withdraw and refrain from entering any of their peers’ groups, while others establish defensive strategies, such as retreat, exclusion, repression, and projection. Many victims may find themselves dealing with feelings of emptiness (Johnson, 2020). Gradually, these emotions can compound and contribute to toxic isolation that prevents from developing relationships or tapping into the possibilities that could otherwise provide fulfillment and happiness (Johnson, 2020). Social development is affected as well because children are not able to express themselves at home freely. As social development is a process that starts from birth all through our existence, what we learn from home, we get to exhibit outdoors and vice – versa (Devi, 2014). The widespread pandemic affects the learning of students. Education is still ongoing and manifested to continue online learning or various methods to resume schooling. Specifically, not all pupils have the assets to obtain online learning materials, and they lack the motivation to study in the absence of teachers (Schleicher, 2020). In addition, in the report of Manilla Bulletin, the Philippines, as one of the countries that do not have full resources online, Filipino students have difficulties using technology to engage in the new learning strategy. Other than the digital devices, the presence of poor internet connection takes place. Without the personal interaction that is generally used in attending schools, virtual learning is the only way to recommend education. Students are not the only ones causing anxiety but the parents too (De Lina, 2020). There is an increase of financial problems in hav...