Building Services Assignment Report PDF

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FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING DIPLOMA IN QUANTITY SURVEYING (AP114)

COURSE: BUILDING SERVICES II COURSE CODE: DQS204

PREPARED BY`

: NURUL SUHAILA BINTI MOHD ZAIPOL

STUDENT ID

: 2019239286

GROUP

: AAP1143F

PREPARED FOR

: PN. SYARIFAH NUR NAZIHAH SYED JAMALULIL

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS NO.

TITLE

PAGE

1.

ABSTRACT

3

2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3

3

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

4

4.

INTRODUCTION

5

5.

BUILDING BACKGROUND

6

6.

DESIGN PLAN OF BUILDING

8

7.

SKETCHES

8.

SERVICES THAT PROPOSE FOR BUILDING

9-14



FIRE RATED DOOR

15-18



CENTRALISED AIR- CONDITIONING SYSTEM

19-21



ESCALATOR

22-23



LIFT

24-25



FIREMEN INTERCOM SYSTEM



PABX

26-27 28-29

9.

CONCLUSION

30

10.

REFERENCES

31

2

ABSTRACT This case study will be looking into services system of the workspace in Southkey Midvalley, Johor Bahru such as Air Conditioning System, Fire Fighting System, Electrical Supply System, Mechanical Transportation System and. The aim of this report is to introduce the fundamentals of the systems which are mentioned above. We are required to do an analysis of own understandings and propose services of building based on the regulations of this building from Building by Law (UBBL). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Peace be upon you, In the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful. First and foremost, I would like to extend the deepest praise to Allah S.W.T who has given me the patient, strength, determination and courage to finish this task. To begin with, I need to give a special thanks to my lecturer, Madam Syarifah Nur Nazihah Binti Syed Jamalulil for the guidance and provide us more information for the assignment. Without involvement of her help, this report cannot sufficiently be finished. My appreciation and thanks also dedicated to my friends for their help. I am also grateful that I willing to visit the building even during this MCO. I do tour visit around the building as I can. It is hard to ask the staff to bring me a tour visit around the building and ask for explaining the systems of each room and machines relentlessly because we need to maintain social distancing during this covid-19 pandemic.

3

PROJECT OBJECTIVES 

Expose to the real life case study of the basic principles, process and equipment of various building services systems for a high rise building.



Provide an opportunity to demonstrate our understanding of building services systems in compliance with the local authority requirements.



To make aware of the challenges and problems in executing the installation of the various building services.

4

INTRODUCTION For my report, I would talk about the services of the high rise building which is shopping mall and their advantages and disadvantages the services of building. I would like to choose the modern building and many visitors, Mid Valley Southkey Johor Bahru (SOGO) that is one of the huge shopping mall in Johor Bahru.

Diagram 1: Entrance Mid Valley Southkey JB (SOGO) As we know, the shopping mall is a global phenomenon that has its roots in ancient outdoor bazaars where people would go to buy goods from local artisans, farmers and craftsmen. The shopping malls that we know today were birthed in the beginning of the 20th century and have since then grew to cover the major cities of the world in a few different forms. Not only has the shopping mall become a place to find and purchase goods, it is also known as a cultural hot spot where people of all ages can come to interact. Shopping malls are typically known to be indoor shopping centres, though some have outdoor areas with the shops having their own indoor space. A shopping centre, shopping mall, or shopping plaza, is the modern adaptation of the historical marketplace. The mall is a collection of independent retail stores, services, and a parking area, which is conceived, constructed, and maintained by a separate management firm as a unit. They may also contain restaurants, banks, theatres, professional offices, service stations and many more.

5

BUILDING BACKGROUND

Diagram 2: Location SOGO Johor Bahru is a fast growing city with a large population because in Johor Bahru there are many employment opportunities for the community. No wonder the surrounding Johor Bahru has a huge building and shopping complexes as they need places that can provide convenience to the surrounding community. For my assignment, I would choose Mid Valley Southkey Johor Bahru as my reference building. SouthKey is characterised by the largest shopping mall between Melaka, Johor and Singapore, the Mid Valley SouthKey The Mall, which takes after the Mid Valley Megamall in Kuala Lumpur, will be the biggest commercial property in the Southern region. Southkey Midvalley Johor Bahru (SOGO) also is the second Mid Valley branded shopping which opened on 23 April 2019. It is one of the newest and most visited Malls in the city. There are six levels in the mall, with more than three hundred retail and F&B stores. Its Japanese- owned department store, SOGO, is the first of its kind in Johor Bahru. Its retail and leisure units possess a net lettable area (NLA) of 2.5 Million square feet. occupied by trendy fashion brands, supermarkets, cineplexes and F&B outlets offering exquisite local and international dining experiences. 6

Diagram 3: Hall of SOGO For this assignment, I choose Mid Valley The Southkey Johor Bahru (SOGO) as my case study building. SOGO is a shopping mall that consist six level floor. This shopping mall provides many services that can give convenience towards the customer. The services that we can find in this shopping mall are lift, escalator, fire rated door, air-conditioning system, fireman intercom system and PABX. All of this services can be found in every level of the shopping mall. All of this services that have been provided in this shopping mall has its own advantages and disadvantages. Mechanical ventilation which are lift and escalators can help people to move from floor to another floor much faster and it is less tiring than using a staircase but the safety of this ventilation is lower than staircase. Next, air conditioning system which give people a comfortable environment but it is a bit costly in the maintenance. Lastly, fire protection system which are fire rated door and fireman intercom system can give protection to the people inside the shopping mall when there is an event of fire but it is not fully protection that does not required for the people in the shopping mall to escape as it just a temporary protection for the people inside to escape from the building.

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DESIGN PLAN OF BUILDING

Diagram 4: Plan of the whole building 8

1. FIRE-RATED DOOR

9

2. CENTRALISED AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

10

3. LIFT/ ELEVATOR

11

4. ESCALATOR

12

5. FIREMEN INTERCOM SYSTEM

13

6. PRIVATE AUTOMATIC BRANCH EXCHANGE

14

SERVICES THAT I PROPOSED FOR BUILDING I have use the Midvalley Southkey The Mall as my case study building. The Midvalley Southkey The Mall has a total six levels in the mall, with more than three hundred retail and F&B stores. Its Japanese- owned department store, SOGO, is the first of its kind in Johor Bahru. Its retail and leisure units possess a net lettable area (NLA) of 2.5 Million square feet. The services that we proposed to be included in this shopping mall that will be construct are fire rated door, air conditioning system, escalator, lift ,firemen intercom system and private automatic branch exchange (PABX). FIRE RATED DOOR

Diagram 5: Timber fire rated door A fire-rated door or fire-resistant door is specially constructed to slow or prevent the spread of fire and smoke. A fire-rated door is a very heavy door made of materials like metal or gypsum. “The term ‘fire-rated’ means that the door, when installed properly, is not supposed to combust during a certain time frame in the average fire. While time ratings vary, the standard ratings include 20to 90-minute doors. Fire-rated doors are more common in commercial buildings than in residential structures. Fire-rated doors are often installed in public buildings, in office buildings and in places 15

like dormitories. Typical residential applications include installation in entryways, garages and multi-family homes. Fire-rated doors can help slow or prevent the spread of fire and smoke, but it warns that they are not designed to be completely fireproof because these doors are made of combustible materials and will eventually burn through in a fire. However, they will resist the penetration of heat and flames to slow the fire for a specified time period. And by containing the fire and smoke, they provide additional time for you to exit the structure. Most people focus on the element of fire, and they don’t underestimate the significance of reducing smoke inhalation. However, the majority of people who die in residential fires do so as a result of smoke inhalation. REASON THE INSTALLATION OF FIRE RATED DOORS The reason of installation of fire rated door is because the people in the building being careless and not knowing where about the fire rated doors. The important of it, where to protect property and personal assets while firefighters work to extinguish the fire. A fire rating does not necessarily indicate the amount of time a door will withstand a fire. For example, a fire door rated 60 minutes does not guarantee that the door will withstand fire for 60 minutes. The rating means that in a controlled test environment, a brand-new door held up for 60 minutes.Although a fire-rated door is designed to prevent a fire from passing from room to room, let’s be honest. Even with the right door, a severe fire can melt steel. Also, a fire door won’t do any good if the door is propped open or the closing mechanism is faulty. In addition, the door has to be properly installed to ensure that there are no gaps around it. Fire doors can provide peace of mind. However, properly using the existing doors may be all that need to do in a fire. In a residential setting, the simple act of closing the door to a room will slow or can prevent the heat and smoke from entering the room and injuring occupants or destroying additional property within, if the fire originates within the room, the closed door may aid in slowing the spread of the fire to other parts of the residence, depending on the time the fire burns before being extinguished. In fact, residential fires in which closed doors resulted in significantly less fire and smoke damage compared to doors that were left open.

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THE ADVANTAGES OF FIRE DOOR The ultimate reason for the creation of fire doors was to save lives .Many of the buildings we work in and live in are required to install fire doors for that exact purpose: to spare innocent lives. 

If a fire breaks out in a specific building, the fire doors are designed to withstand heat and resist fire in order for every person in the building to be able to evacuate safely.



These recently enhanced doors do the best possible job at protecting lives, preventing smoke from seeping through, preventing the breakdown of the doors, and ultimately preventing failure in allowing people to get out of the building safely.



Fire resistant doors prevent the loss of lives and do a fantastic job at it. Since fire safety doors are so effective in creating a safe barrier between the fire and the victims, they are often required to be installed in certain establishments.



Fire seals can help to improve upon the performance of the fire doors, and even though the seals are not required, it is advised that people installing fire safety doors in their homes should highly consider sealing the frames to protect the wellbeing of their loved ones.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF FIRE DOOR There is a natural assumption that, when we see a fire door, we believe it to be there for our safety, and most people will understand the concept of the function they perform: 

Tenant Intervention. Fire doors are only effective if they are free from obstructions and can deploy properly. Because fire doors are accessible to building tenants, try can be easily tampered with as many people will not understand their importance.



Incorrectly fitted or damaged fire / smoke seals. Fire and smoke seals are a vital component of a fire door. If incorrectly fitted, then smoke can seep through and present danger to people in an adjoining room/space. If the door is not fully sealed then the containment of both the smoke, and the fire itself, will be severely compromised.

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

Fire doors permanently propped open. This is a common problem – fire doors are often left open for convenience – perhaps people are moving things in and out of rooms, carrying heavy materials. In hotels, for example, guests may be moving suitcases, staff may be pushing trolleys, and it is easier to prop a door open. However, this is a very dangerous precedent – fire could break out at any point, and these doors are installed for the very purpose of fire and smoke containment.



Damage to a fire door can render it ineffective. In order for a fire door to perform effectively, it must be in full working order. The recent checks performed showed that around 15% had damage to the door leaf, or other components, compromising their primary use.



Next, Ill-fitting doors in frames. The FDIS have identified that 1 in five fire doors have unsuitable hinges. This issue may prevent a fire door from closing correctly therefore not forming the sealed barrier that it is supposed to.



Incorrect signage. Findings also showed that around a third of fire doors have incorrect signage. If a fire door is not correctly identified as such, then that may lead to the door not being used effectively by people in the building (for example, being propped open as highlighted earlier).

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AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Diagram 6: The process of air conditioning system FUNCTION OF AIR CONDITIONING Air conditioning is defined as a process that heats, cools, cleans, and circulates air, and controls the moisture content of air. Ideally, air conditioning does all of the tasks at the same time, on a year-round basis. Air conditioning makes it possible to change the condition of air in an enclosed area. Since most people spend a good amount of time in enclosed areas, air conditioning is actually more important and produces more benefits than a majority of people realize. Air conditioning is used to maintain the health and comfort of the occupants, or to meet the requirements of industrial processes irrespective of the external climatic conditions, to maintain the suitable humidity in all parts of a building, to supply a constant and adequate supply of ventilation, remove the air from microorganisms, dust, soot, and other foreign bodies and cooling the room during certain seasons efficiently. 19

PROPOSING CENTRALISED AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Diagram 7: inside unit (air outlet)

Diagram 8: outside unit (compressor) There are many types of air conditioning system such as centralised system, split unit system, water package system in-row cooling unit and more. Shopping mall is a big place that have many people go there to find and purchase goods. Thus centralised air conditioning system is the most suitable air conditioning system used for shopping mall as this type is suitable to use in large building.This type of air conditioning system has been used in our case study building which is Midvalley Southkey The Mall.

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The reason in proposing this type of air conditioning system is because it will be more convenience to use one type of air conditioning system in one building as it can save cost and the design. Besides, the split unit system are more expensive compared to centralised air conditioning system. The installation of this split unit system is not easy as a HVAC professional need to be hired. Lastly, the exterior compressor of the split unit system can be quiet noisy that can disturb the shoppers compared to centralised air conditioning system which is much quieter.

THE ADVANTAGES OF AIR CONDITIONING 

Increased comfort level.



In extreme heat, air conditioning can be a life saver.



It is reduce the humidity level, which helps both comfort and reduces mold growth.



Prevents the dust entering the room as the windows are closed.



Gives constant temperature and easy maintenance



Easy installation

THE DISADVANTAGE OF AIR CONDITIONING 

Most of air conditioning use a substantial amount of energy.



High cost of money



Contributing to pollution from power plants.



Older models contain chemicals that can damage the environment if they escape.



Too cool temperature will lead to improper blood circulation.

21

ESCALATORS

Diagram 9: Parallel escalator

A moving staircase endlessly circulating belt of steps driven by a motor, a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building. It used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls, airports, railway stations, subways, hotels, and public buildings. It is an ideal transportation vehicle connecting different floors of the buildings. Escalator design is divided by three which are parallel, multiple parallel and crisscross. First, for parallel the design is up and down escalators “side by side or separated by a distance,” seen often in metro stations, shopping complex, offices and theaters. Next, the design for multiple parallel is two or more escalators together that travel in one direction next to one or two escalators in the same bank that travel in the other directions. Lastly, the design crisscross its minimizes structural space requirements by “stacking” escalators that go in one direction, frequently used in department stores or shopping centres. 22

THE ADVANTAGES OF ESCALATORS 

They have the capacity to move large numbers of people.



They have no waiting interval except during very heavy traffic.



They may be weatherproofed for outdoor use.



They can help in controlling the traffic low of people.



They can be placed in the same physical space as one might install a staircase.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF ESCALATOR 

There could be gaps between the steps and the railing. But there should be no gaps between the railing and the steps because it is possible that a lack of maintenance or other issues may cause them to occur.



Workers can be harmed by wires or exposed g...