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Buku Pedoman Pemeliharaan T R A N S F O R M AT O R T E N A G A Dokumen nomor : PDM/PGI/01:2014 PT PLN (PERSERO) Jl Trunojoyo Blok M I/135 JAKARTA NOMOR : PDM/PGI/01:2014 DOKUMEN Lampiran Surat Keputusan Direksi PT PLN (PERSERO) PT PLN (Persero) No. 0520-2.K/DIR/2014 BUKU PEDOMAN PEMELIHARAAN TRANSF...

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Buku Pedoman Pemeliharaan

T R A N S F O R M AT O R T E N A G A Dokumen nomor : PDM/PGI/01:2014

PT PLN (PERSERO) Jl Trunojoyo Blok M I/135 JAKARTA

NOMOR : PDM/PGI/01:2014

DOKUMEN

Lampiran Surat Keputusan Direksi

PT PLN (PERSERO)

PT PLN (Persero) No. 0520-2.K/DIR/2014

BUKU PEDOMAN PEMELIHARAAN TRANSFORMATOR TENAGA

PT PLN (PERSERO) JALAN TRUNOJOYO BLOK M-I/135 KEBAYORAN BARU JAKARTA SELATAN 12160

TRAFO TENAGA

Susunan Tim Review KEPDIR 113 & 114 Tahun 2010 Surat Keputusan Direksi PT PLN (Persero) No.0309.K/DIR/2013 Pengarah

: 1. Kepala Divisi Transmisi Jawa Bali 2. Kepala Divisi Transmisi Sumatera 3. Kepala Divisi Transmisi Indonesia Timur 4. Yulian Tamsir

Ketua

: Tatang Rusdjaja

Sekretaris

: Christi Yani

Anggota

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Kelompok Kerja Transformator Tenaga 1. Bambang Cahyono (PLN P3BJB)

: Koordinator merangkap anggota

2. Jati Parmadita (PLN P3BJB)

: Anggota

3. Harry Gumilang (PLN P3BJB)

: Anggota

4. Akhmad Fauzan (PLN P3BS)

: Anggota

5. Tiar Mita Florina (PLN P3BS)

: Anggota

6. Anton Junaidi (PLN Sulselrabar)

: Anggota

7. Dwi Ari Wibowo (PLN Kalselteng)

: Anggota

Koordinator Verifikasi dan Finalisasi Review KEPDIR 113 & 114 Tahun 2010 (Nota Dinas KDIVTRS JBS Nomor 0018/432/KDIVTRS JBS/2014) Tanggal 27 Mei 2014 1. Jemjem Kurnaen 2. Sugiartho 3. Yulian Tamsir 4. Eko Yudo Pramono

TRAFO TENAGA

DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................... I DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................................... IV DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................ VII DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................... IX PRAKATA ........................................................................................................................ X TRAFO TENAGA .............................................................................................................. 1 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Pengertian dan fungsi ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 Jenis Trafo ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Bagian – Bagian Trafo dan Fungsinya ............................................................... 2 1.3.1 Electromagnetic Circuit (Inti besi)....................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Current Carrying Circuit (Winding) ..................................................................... 2 1.3.3 Bushing.............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.4 Pendingin ........................................................................................................... 7 1.3.5 Oil Preservation & Expansion (Konservator) ...................................................... 8 1.3.6 Dielectric (Minyak Isolasi Trafo& Isolasi Kertas) .............................................. 10 1.3.7 Tap Changer .................................................................................................... 11 1.3.8 NGR (Neutral Grounding Resistor) .................................................................. 13 1.3.9 Proteksi trafo.................................................................................................... 14 1.4 Failure mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) ........................................................ 17 1.4.1 Mendefinisikan Sistem (Peralatan) dan Fungsinya........................................... 17 1.4.2 Menentukan Sub Sistem dan Fungsi Tiap Subsistem ...................................... 17 1.4.3 Menentukan Functional Failure Tiap Subsistem ............................................... 17 1.4.4 Menentukan Failure Mode Tiap Subsistem ...................................................... 17 1.4.5 FMEA Trafo ..................................................................................................... 18 2 PEDOMAN PEMELIHARAAN ......................................................................... 18 2.1 In Service Inspection........................................................................................ 18 2.2 In Service Measurement .................................................................................. 18 2.2.1 Thermovisi/ Thermal Image ............................................................................. 19 2.2.2 Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)......................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Pengujian Kualitas Minyak Isolasi (Karakteristik) ............................................. 26 2.2.4 Pengujian Furan .............................................................................................. 34 2.2.5 Pengujian Corrosive Sulfur .............................................................................. 35 2.2.6 Pengujian Partial Discharge ............................................................................. 35 2.2.7 Noise ............................................................................................................... 36 2.2.8 Pengukuran Sound Pressure Level .................................................................. 37 2.3 Shutdown Testing/ Measurement..................................................................... 38 2.3.1 Pengukuran Tahanan Isolasi ........................................................................... 38 2.3.2 Pengukuran Tangen Delta ............................................................................... 39 2.3.3 Pengukuran SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer) ............................ 42 2.3.4 Ratio Test ........................................................................................................ 43 2.3.5 Pengukuran Tahanan DC (Rdc) ....................................................................... 44 2.3.6 HV Test............................................................................................................ 46 2.3.7 Pengukuran Kadar Air Pada Kertas ................................................................. 49 2.3.8 Pengukuran Arus Eksitasi ................................................................................ 50 2.3.9 Pengujian OLTC .............................................................................................. 50 2.3.10 Pengujian Rele Bucholz ................................................................................... 51 i

TRAFO TENAGA

2.3.11 2.3.12 2.3.13 2.3.14 2.3.15 2.3.16 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 2.5.6 2.5.7 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8 3.3.9 3.3.10 3.3.11 3.3.12 3.3.13 3.3.14 3.3.15 3.3.16 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4

Pengujian Rele Jansen.................................................................................... 51 Pengujian Sudden Pressure ............................................................................ 52 Kalibrasi Indikator Suhu................................................................................... 53 Motor Kipas Pendingin .................................................................................... 55 Tahanan NGR ................................................................................................. 57 Fire Protection ................................................................................................. 58 Shutdown Function Check ............................................................................... 61 Rele Bucholz ................................................................................................... 61 Rele Jansen .................................................................................................... 62 Rele Sudden Pressure .................................................................................... 63 Rele thermal .................................................................................................... 63 Oil Level .......................................................................................................... 63 Treatment ........................................................................................................ 63 Purification/ Filter............................................................................................. 64 Reklamasi ....................................................................................................... 64 Ganti Minyak ................................................................................................... 64 Cleaning .......................................................................................................... 64 Tightening ....................................................................................................... 64 Replacing Parts ............................................................................................... 65 Greasing.......................................................................................................... 65 ANALISA HASIL PEMELIHARAAN DAN REKOMENDASI ........................... 65 Analisa Hasil Inspeksi (In Service Inspection).................................................. 65 Analisa Hasil Inspeksi (In Service Measurement) ............................................ 69 Thermovisi ....................................................................................................... 69 DGA ................................................................................................................ 70 Oil Quality (Karakteristik) ................................................................................. 78 Furan ............................................................................................................... 84 Corrosive Sulfur............................................................................................... 85 Partial Discharge ............................................................................................. 85 Noise ............................................................................................................... 86 Analisa Hasil Shutdown Measurement ............................................................ 86 Tahanan Isolasi ............................................................................................... 86 Tangen Delta ................................................................................................... 88 SFRA .............................................................................................................. 89 Ratio Test ........................................................................................................ 90 Rdc.................................................................................................................. 90 HV Test ........................................................................................................... 91 Kadar Air di dalam Kertas ................................................................................ 91 Pengujian Arus Eksitasi ................................................................................... 92 OLTC .............................................................................................................. 92 Rele Bucholz ................................................................................................... 93 Rele Jansen .................................................................................................... 94 Rele Sudden Pressure .................................................................................... 94 Kalibrasi Indikator Suhu................................................................................... 95 Motor Kipas ..................................................................................................... 95 NGR ................................................................................................................ 96 Fire Protection ................................................................................................. 97 Analisa Hasil (Shutdown Function Check) ....................................................... 97 Rele Bucholz ................................................................................................... 97 Rele Jansen .................................................................................................... 97 Rele Sudden Pressure .................................................................................... 98 Rele Thermis ................................................................................................... 98 ii

TRAFO TENAGA

3.4.5 Oil Level........................................................................................................... 98 3.5 Treatment ........................................................................................................ 99 DAFTAR ISTILAH ......................................................................................................... 141 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................... 142

iii

TRAFO TENAGA

DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1-1 Prinsip hukum elektromagnetik ...................................................................... 1 Gambar 1-2 Elektromagnetik pada trafo ............................................................................ 1 Gambar 1-3 Inti besi .......................................................................................................... 2 Gambar 1-4 Belitan trafo ................................................................................................... 3 Gambar 1-5 Contoh gambar Bushing ................................................................................ 3 Gambar 1-6 Bagian – bagian dari bushing ........................................................................ 4 Gambar 1-7 Kertas isolasi pada bushing (oil impregnated paper bushing) ........................ 5 Gambar 1-8 Konduktor bushing dilapisi kertas isolasi ....................................................... 5 Gambar 1-9 Indikator level minyak bushing ....................................................................... 6 Gambar 1-10 Gasket/seal antara flage bushing dengan body trafo ................................... 6 Gambar 1-11 Tap Pengujian ............................................................................................. 7 Gambar 1-12 Radiator ....................................................................................................... 8 Gambar 1-13 Konservator ................................................................................................. 9 Gambar 1-14 Silica gel ...................................................................................................... 9 Gambar 1-15 Konstruksi konservator dengan rubber bag ............................................... 10 Gambar 1-16 Dehydrating Breater .................................................................................. 10 Gambar 1-17 Minyak Isolasi Trafo ................................................................................... 11 Gambar 1-18 Tembaga yang dilapisi kertas isolasi ......................................................... 11 Gambar 1-19 OLTC pada Trasformator ........................................................................... 12 Gambar 1-20 Kontak switching pada diverter switch ....................................................... 13 Gambar 1-21 Pentanahan Langsung dan Pentanahan melalui NGR ............................... 13 Gambar 1-22 Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) ............................................................ 14 Gambar 1-23 Mekanisme Kerja Rele Bucholz ................................................................. 15 Gambar 1-24 Rele Jansen .............................................................................................. 15 Gambar 1-25 Rele Sudden Pressure............................................................................... 16 Gambar 1-26 Bagian – bagian dari rele thermal .............................................................. 17 Gambar 2-1 Salah satu contoh kamera thermovisi/thermal image camera ...................... 19 Gambar 2-2 Hasil pengukuran thermovisi pada maintank dan radiator............................ 20 Gambar 2-3 Hasil pengukuruan thermovisi pada OLTC .................................................. 21 Gambar 2-4 Hasil pengukuran thermovisi pada bushing ................................................. 21 Gambar 2-5 Hasil pengukuran thermovisi pada konservator ........................................... 22 Gambar 2-6 Hasil pengukuran thermovisi pada NGR ...................................................... 22 Gambar 2-7 Stopcock dan syringe glass 50 cc ................................................................ 23 Gambar 2-8 Pemasangan syringe dengan selang sampling untuk pengambilan minyak . 23 Gambar 2-9 Posisi katup syringe untuk memasukkan minyak ke syringe ........................ 24 Gambar 2-10 Posisi katup syringe untuk mengunci sample dalam syringe...................... 24 Gambar 2-11 Posisi katup syringe untuk mengeluarkan sample dari syringe .................. 24 Gambar 2-12 Gas Extractor tipe head space................................................................... 25 Gambar 2-13 Skema chromatography............................................................................. 25 Gambar 2-14 Sinyal dari gas gas yang dideteksi oleh detektor ....................................... 26 Gambar 2-15 Contoh alat uji DGA – dengan jenis extractor stripper................................ 26 Gambar 2-16 Proses penurunan kualitas kertas isolasi trafo akibat oksidasi di minyak isolasi .............................................................................................................................. 27 Gambar 2-17 Contoh alat uji kadar uji kadar air dalam minyak dengan metode Karl Fisher (KF) ................................................................................................................................. 28 Gambar 2-18 Diagram Titration Cell ................................................................................ 28 Gambar 2-19 Contoh alat uji tegangan tembus ............................................................... 29 Gambar 2-20 Contoh alat uji kadar asam ........................................................................ 30 Gambar 2-21 Contoh alat pengujian tegangan antar muka (Inter Facial Tension – IFT) .. 31 Gambar 2-22 Hubungan kadar asam dengan IFT ........................................................... 31 iv

TRAFO TENAGA

Gambar 2-23 Contoh alat uji warna minyak .....................................................................32 Gambar 2-24 Contoh alat pengujian sediment .................................................................32 Gambar 2-25 Contoh alat pengujian titik nyala api (flash point) .......................................33 Gambar 2-26 Contoh alat pengujian tangen delta minyak ................................................33...