BUS 5113 Unit 1 Written Assignment on the Four Theoretical Concept of Organizational Theory PDF

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BUS 5113: ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY AND BEHAVIOR

ANALYSIS ON THE FOUR THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION THEORY. PERSPECTIVE ON THE MOST INFLUENTIAL HISTORICALLY AND MANAGERIALLY AND HOW THESE CONCEPTS HAVE IMPACTED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENT ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES.

Scientific Management: Frederick W. Taylor initiated one of the organizational theories in the early 20th century, it was known as the Scientific Management Theory. Frederick Taylor was interested in improving the efficiency of employees in the organization hence, he decided to study the work process from a scientific point of view. He applied scientific methods to learn the ideal way to carry out a task. In that, he realized that by calculating the time necessary to perform different tasks, he could develop the optimal way of completing a task. The theory postulated that with a scientific method in place, regular workers could also perform top management work, therefore, Taylor’s concept was seen as a bottom-up approach. This theory meant that there was a specified method of completing tasks. It was adopted by large mass-producing industrial companies. The theory was criticized because it focused on the technical part of the efficiency rather than valuing the human aspect of the organization. Administrative Theory: This theory was developed by Henry Fayol. He focused on the administrative methods for common workers instead of the scientific methods, a system of how management related to personnel. The theory helped the early managers learn organization and interaction with their employees in a productive way. As a result of this, the administrative processes were a hierarchical pyramid structure that started from the top and walked its way down to operations where the workers would run with information/instructions from management and implement in their everyday tasks as such it was a top-down approach. Fayol came up with the 14 principles of Management that were used to manage organizations for, planning, commanding, controlling, organizing, and coordinating. It was criticized for over-simplifying administrative conditions.

Bureaucracy Model: The Bureaucracy model was introduced by Max Weber and he was of the opinion that to manage an organization, there had to be a clear line of authority together with proper rules and procedures. It established rules of hierarchical structures, systems of rules, and authority. It was of the opinion that there had to be a chain of command where authority was exercised and accepted by those in the chain below. Authority could be through Traditional (Employees fully dependent upon the Leaders), Legal, rule-oriented (employees followed a set of principles), and Charismatic (devoted workers due to the amazing personality of the managers.) Weber believed that there had to be guiding rules, those rules would increase performance in an organization and reduce issues of favoritism in a workplace. Administrative Behavior Theory: The Administrative behavior theory was developed by Hebert Simon. Laegaard, and Bindslev (2006) it is a of study of organizations from the macro-level. It focuses on the process of making decisions within an organization and how the decisions can affect organizational goals. Simon was a critic of the administrative theory in that he believed no one individual had all information to make a rational decision, instead he was of the opinion that we use the information we have to create the results we desire. The theory looked at those of authority in an organization making decisions with a high value component and the employees would focus on making decisions using data, information and facts. Looking at the four organizational theoretical contributions, based on the historical and managerial perspective, Max Weber’s Bureaucracy model is the most influential. It provided a good systematic structure where rules and regulations, procedures were created for an organization to run effectively. There was little room for workplace favoritism in that management remained impartial toward employees and the system of fair judgement was in

place at all time. And the model brought about job specialization in organizations in that work was distributed among employees according to their expertise. These four theoretical concepts has impacted on development of today’s organizational theories because it was a guiding light for organization management and the way its operations are ran, it improved the attitude of work giving organizations a structure to follow.

References:

 Haggarty-Weir, C., Dr. (2018, June 17). Organizational Theory: Then and Now. Retrieved February 4, 2019, from https://mostlyscience.com/2018/04/organizationaltheory-then-and-now/  Laegaard, J., & Bindslev, M. (2006). Organizational Theory (1st ed.). Ventus Publishing.  Mind Tools. (n.d). Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management. Retrieved from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_Taylor.html  Krenn, J. (2017). Management Theory of Henry Fayol. Retrieved from https://www.business.com/articles/management-theory-of-henri-fayol/  https://albertomatus.com/organizational-theory-four-theoretical-contributions/  https://theinvestorsbook.com/max-webers-bureaucracy-theory.html  https://smallbusiness.chron.com/simple-organizational-structure-63451.html  https://www.ukessays.com/essays/organisations/a-brief-analysis-of-organizationaltheories.php...