CE2000 0309 - Process Trainer Datasheet PDF

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Summary

Process Trainer Datasheet...

Description

CE2000 Control Software

User Guide

© TecQuipment Ltd 2009 Do not reproduce or transmit this document in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without the express permission of TecQuipment Limited. TecQuipment has taken care to make the contents of this manual accurate and up to date. However, if you find any errors, please let us know so we can rectify the problem. TecQuipment supply a Packing Contents List (PCL) with the equipment. Carefully check the contents of the package(s) against the list. If any items are missing or damaged, contact TecQuipment or the local agent.

PW/DB/ws/sw/0309

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User Guide

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Contents 1. Introduction 2. Description

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Simulation or Control and Automatic Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3. Technical Details

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

CE2000 Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Minimum Computer Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CE2000 File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4. Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

To Install the CE2000 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5. Main Parts of the Software

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Software Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Title Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CE2000 Options Dialogue Box (From the Options Menu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circuit Options Dialogue Box (From the Options Menu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Propagation Order Dialogue Box and the Propagation Check (From the Options Menu). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

6. The Icon Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Inputs, Outputs and Signal Direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Right-click menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Process Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal Source Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal Modifier Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal Combiner Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal Router Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuzzy Logic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simulation Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Custom Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . To Create Your Own Custom Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33 33 34 36 39 43 47 49 51 58 67 73 77

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User Guide

7. Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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8. To Use the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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To Start the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 To Create a New Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 To Open an Existing Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 To Run and ‘Probe’ Your Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Demonstration of Building and Running a Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 To Record and Graph Data from Your Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 To Save, Export and Load Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

9. Introduction To Digital Control and Signal Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Control System Principles - Basic Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Structure of Digital Control Systems - Basic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Sampling and Reconstructing a Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Quantisation of Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

10. Three-term Control

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Basic Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Practical Features of Three-Term Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A General Three-Term Controller Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105 114 124 124

11. Implementing Digital Controllers and Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Digital Controllers: Some Common Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Digital Filters: Some Common Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Digital Controllers and Filters: General Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

12. Designing Controllers and Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

141

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 The z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 The z-Transform of Continuous Time Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Controller Design: Three-Term Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Digital Control: Frequency Response Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Digital Control: Root Locus Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Controller Design: Pole Placement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Digital Control: Pole Placement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Digital Filters: z-Transform Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Digital Filters: Bilinear Transform Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Digital Filters: FIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

13. Fuzzy Logic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Introduction to Fuzzy Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Description of Fuzzy Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

An Example of Fuzzy Logic in a Real Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Basic Theory of Fuzzy Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

14. Fuzzy Logic Demonstrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Demonstration 1 - Fuzzy Membership and the Fuzzifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 2 - The Defuzzifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 3 - Fuzzy AND, OR and NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 4 - Washing Machine Cycle with Fuzzy Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 5 - Camera Exposure with Standard Fuzzy Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 6 - Camera Exposure with Fuzzy Logic AND Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 7 - Gain with Fuzzy Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 8 - Signal Conditioning with Fuzzy Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demonstration 9 - Comparison of Standard and Fuzzy Logic Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

193 195 197 199 201 203 205 207 209

15. Troubleshooting and Customer Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Customer Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

16. Useful Books and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Three-Term Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Digital Control: Analysis and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Digital Filtering: Analysis and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Appendix 1: Laplace Transforms Tables

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TecQuipment Ltd

User Guide

CE2000 Control Software

User Guide

1. Introduction

1. Introduction

Figure 1 Example Screenshot of the CE2000 Software The CE2000 Control Software is a powerful software package that: • Simulates and tests simple to advanced control circuits and systems. • Connects to real processes, and controls and captures data from them (with the use of a controller interface). The CE2000 Control Software is specially for educational use, but is also excellent for process control engineers to try new or variations on existing processes. Students need no expert knowledge of control engineering to use it. It is easy to use and allows them to learn about control engineering from basic steps to advanced theory.

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CE2000 Control Software

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CE2000 Control Software

2. Description

Workspace

Wiring Tool

Figure 2 Screenshot of CE2000 The CE2000 Control Software is specially written by engineers at TecQuipment, with the help of process control experts. It’s three most important parts are: • A Workspace - the main working area of the software. • Blocks - single blocks that mimic simple or complicated circuits or processes. • A Wiring tool - a tool that draws and connects wires between the blocks. Students pick a block, drop it onto the workspace and use the wiring tool to connect the blocks together to create a working circuit. Some of the blocks simulate a working system so that the student can simulate a complete control system. One of the blocks is a ‘Process Block’ that connects the software to real equipment (through an optional interface).

NOTE

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If you are doing simulation only, you ‘hide’ the Process Block (you do not need it).

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User Guide

2. Description

Blocks

CE2000 Control Software

Simulation or Control and Automatic Data Acquisition TecQuipment offer a choice of two stand-alone interfaces to allow the CE2000 Control Software to control real equipment. One is the CE120 Controller (with a built-in interface), the other is the CE122 Interface (see Figures 3 and 4).

Figure 3 The CE120 Controller

Figure 4 The CE122 Interface

CE2000 Control Software

= Simulation Only

CE120 Controller

CE2000 Control Software

+

OR

Real Process (One of TQs CE Range)

+

= Control and Data Acquisition

CE122 Interface

Figure 5 Simulation or Control and Automatic Data Acquisition

User Guide

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CE2000 Control Software

3. Technical Details CE2000 Software

Part

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Details Up to 4 D/A (Digital to Analogue) Outputs from software to hardware Up to 8 A/D (Analogue to Digital) Inputs from hardware to software

Signal Blocks

Signal Generator - sawtooth, triangle, sine, square and random noise output DC Level - adjustable V to F (Voltage to Frequency) - sawtooth, triangle, sine, and square wave output

Control Blocks

Proportional - adjustable gain Integral - adjustable gain, windup and reset Differential - adjustable gain, windup and washout Phase advance - adjustable gain, phase advance and time

Signal Modifiers

Gain - adjustable Delay - adjustable Discrete Transfer Function - seven adjustable variables Saturation - adjustable high and low limits

Signal Combiners

Summing Junction - three inputs with selectable polarity Multiplier - three inputs

Signal Routers

Labelled Point Switch Relay - adjustable switching voltage and hysteresis

Display Blocks

Digital Voltmeter - with adjustable multiplier, decimal places and units Bargraph - adjustable range and style (bar or line) Analogue meter - adjustable range, divisions, needle width and inertia Oscilloscope - adjustable range, trigger level, timebase and mode Chart recorder - adjustable range and timebase

Fuzzy Logic Blocks

Fuzzy Pot - adjustable Fuzzifier and Defuzzifier - adjustable range, function shape and limits Fuzzy Multiplexer and Demultiplexer Fuzzy AND, OR and NOT Fuzzy Combined Meter Fuzzy Single Meter Fuzzy Rule Table

Simulation Blocks

Integrator - adjustable gain First Order System - adjustable gain and time Double integrator - adjustable gain Second Order System - adjustable gain and time x 2 First Order System with Integrator - adjustable gain and time Second Order Underdamped System - adjustable gain, frequency and damping factor

Other Blocks

Named Box (Textbox)

Data Export Format

*.txt file - text file, fixed width format

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3. Technical Details

Process Block

User Guide

CE2000 Control Software

Minimum Computer Specifications Operating Systems and Software

Minimum PC Hardware CD-ROM Drive

Microsoft® Windows 2000®, XP and Vista

2 Spare Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports 15 MB of Hard Disc Space Standard Two-Button Mouse

Table 1 Computer Specifications

CE2000 File Types These are the file types that the CE2000 software uses:

File Type

User Guide

Description

*.ict

Circuit File - Contains all the information about a circuit made of blocks and wires.

*.icd

Data File - Contains up to five data series from recordings of a circuit.

CE2000.ini

Contains information about the communications settings

*.ini

Links with an icd data file of the same name. Contains information about the recorded data and graphing in each data file.

*.txt

Text File - Exported data series in text format (suitable to import into spreadsheet programs).

*.ics

Custom Block file - contains all the information for a custom block.

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CE2000 Control Software

4. Software Installation Software

TecQuipment supply the software in two parts: 1. The CE2000 Software on compact disc (CD-ROM)

NOTE

The technical name is ‘Software Dongle’, but it may also be called ‘USB Security Key’. The software will not work without the dongle.

Figure 6 The ‘Software Dongle’ or ‘USB Security Key’. The CE2000 software is supplied on a CD-ROM. To install the software you must have a computer (PC) with the specifications shown in Table 1.

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