Cell Biology Chapter 11.2-11.3 notes PDF

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Chapter 11.2 and 11.3 notes, includes information on chromosome territory, replication factories, and polycombs....

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Date Chromosome territory

3C: chromosome conformation capture NADs and LADs are two regions contain condensed chromatins (heterochromatins) Replication factories

Transcription factories: contains RNA polymerases and TFs Date Nuclear bodies: nucleolus, Cajal body, speckle, polycomb body Polycomb body: contains PRC1 and PRC2- PRC1 recognizes methylated histone tail; PRC2 further methylating surrounding histone tails condensed chromosome  gene silencing

Chapter 11.2 Name Chromosomes occupy distinct area inside of nucleus; using FISH can identify unique chromosome FISH: DNA or RNA probes that are specific to each chromosome and coupled with unique fluorescent tag. These complementary sequence of probe “hybridizes” to target sequence on chromosome Technique that identify adjacent DNA by crossing proteins (such as CTCF) with DNA- domains like TAD NAD: near nucleolus LAD: nuclear lamina (nuclear membrane) Centromere separates short (p arm) and long arm (q arm) so they don’t interact with each other  BrdU is a fluorescent analog that can be incorporated into new DNA during DNA synthesis  PCNA is another protein involved in DNA replication  Both methods can be used to identify the replication factories  Increase of transcription efficiency  Related genes get transcribed in the same factory Chapter 11.3 Nucleolus: site for rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly 

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Cajal body is site for snRNP maturation (modifying snRNA) - snRNA exported to cytoplasm - combine with proteins to form snRNP - imported snRNP concentrated in Cajal body - site for RNA-telomerase assembly Speckle stores splicing factors, together with snRNP responsible for pre-mRNA splicing...