Ch. 1 - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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Stigma - Characteristic that discredits a person, making him/her be seen as abnormal or undesirable Instrumental needs - Practical, everyday needs Five needs that communication serves o Physical o Relational o Identity o Spiritual o Instrumental Model - Formal description of a process Communication as action o Source - Originator of a thought/idea o Encode - Put an idea into langugage/gesture o Message - Verbal/nonverbal elements of communication to which people give meaning o Channel - Pathway through which message is conveyed o Receiver - Party who interprets message o Decode - To interpret or give meaning to a message o Noise - Anything that interferes with encoding/decoding o Source sends message through some channel to a receiver, and noise interferes with the message somehow. Communication as interaction o Feedback - Verbal/nonverbal responses to a message o Context - Physical/psychological environment in which communication occurs Communication as transaction o Maintains that both people in conversation are simultaneously sources and receivers. In addition, it argues that conversation flows both directions at same time. Channel-rich contexts o Involve many different communication channels at once Channel-lean contexts o Smaller number of channels Communication passes through perceptual filters o What one person says may not be what someone hears Symbol o A representation of an idea o Words are symbols Almost all language is arbitrary o Words can mean different things to different groups Content dimension o Literal information that is communicated by a message Relational dimension o Signals about relationship in which a message is being communicated Metacommunication o Communication about communication Explicit rules

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o Rule about behavior that has been clearly articulated Implicit rules o Rule about behavior that has not been clearly articulated, but is nonetheless understood Interpersonal Communication o Communication occurring between 2 people w/in context of their relationship and that, as it evolves, helps them to negotiate and define relationship Interpersonal Communication o Communication with oneself Mass Communication o Communication from one source to a large audience Small group communication o Communication occurring within small groups of three or more people Dyad o Pair of people Interpersonal communication occurs within a relationship o Some relationships are more significant than others o We communicate with ea. person on basis of expectations we have for that relationship o Most of our communication = impersonal Interpersonal communication evolves within relationships o Occurs over time, is continually evolving Interpersonal communication negotiates and defines relationship Interpersonal communication matters o Pervasive o Improves relationships § “Lack of communication” = #1 reason marriages fail o Improves health Communication competence o Communication in ways that are effective and appropriate for a given situation Communicating effectively o How well communication achieves goals Communication appropriately o Communication attends to rules and expectations that should apply in a social situation Characteristics of competent communicators o Self-awareness § Self-monitoring § Awareness of one’s behavior and how it effects others o Adaptability § Able to assess what is going to be appropriate and effective in given context and modify behaviors accordingly o Empathy § Ability to think and feel as others do o Cognitive complexity § Ability to understand given situation in multiple ways

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Ethics § §

A code of morality or a set of ideas about what is right Ethical communication - treating people fairly, communicating honestly, avoiding imoral/unethical behavior...